Objective To investigate the possible roles of cellular immunosuppression induced by phenotypic and functional changes of peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of condylomata acuminata. Methods Three-color flow cytometry was performed to examine the expression of transcription factor Foxp3 in, along with several inhibitory membrane molecules, i.e. cytotoxic T lympho-cyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related gene (GITR) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) on peripheral CD4+CD25+ T cells from 46 patients with condylomata acuminata and 43 normal human controls. Meanwhile, high purity of CD4+CD25+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood using imrnunomagnetic beads, and stimulated to produce intracellular suppressor cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which were detected by flow tyro-metric analysis. Results The number of peripheral CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs increased significantly in patients with condylomata acuminata than that in the normal controls (7.37% ± 2.43% vs 5.96% ± 2.09%,P ＜ 0.001). The expressions of CTLA-4 and PD-1 were 1.86% ± 1.13% and 2.41% ± 1.12%, respectively,in the patients, which were significantly higher than those in the normal controls(1.36% ± 0.90% and 1.70%± 0.97%, P ＜ 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The number of TGF-beta-positive CD4+CD25+ T ceils from peripheral blood were increased in patients than that in, the controls (1.57% ± 0.91% vs 0.78% ± 0.24%, P ＜0.001). Conclusions Human papillomavirus infection can induce the activation and proliferation of CD4+CD25+ Tregs, enhance the expression of negative costimulatory molecules and secretion of suppressor cytokines, and inhibit antiviral immune response through multiple mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the effect of alizarin on BKCa channel beta subunit and electrophysiological characteristics in interlobar renal artery of SHR.Methods Tail artery pressure measurement instrument,pressure myograph system,whole cell patch clamp technique and Western blot were used to measure the change of systolic pressure of SHR,renal interlobar arterial diameter,single vascular smooth muscle cell electrophysiological characteristics and expression of the BKCa channel beta subunit before and after alizarin intervention,respectively.Results (1) SHR systolic pressure was decreased after alizarin intervention (P ＜ 0.01).(2) ibTX inhibited alizarin-mediated renal interlobar arterial relaxation (P ＜ 0.01).(3) Alizarin enhanced BKCa channel-mediated outward currents (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Alizarin up-regulated BKCa channel beta subunits after alizarin intervention (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Alizarin reduced SHR systolic pressure and relaxed interlobar renal artery by enhancement BKCa currents via mediation of the function of beta subunits.