The incidence of colorectal cancer is high among the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment for colorectal cancer of old people. However, controlled trials with large sample size evaluating the effect of TCM are rare.

Objective To clone cDNA encoding troponin T of Schistosoma japonicum(SjTnT),and evaluate the protective efficacy induced by recombinant SjTnT in BALB/c mice against S. japonicum challenge infection. Methods The SjTnT gene was amplified from 28-day-schistosome cDNAs by PCR and then subcloned into pET28a(+). The recombinant SjTnT protein (rSjTnT)was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)cells. The serum specific to rSjTnT was prepared by immunized BALB/c mice with the recombinant antigen,and the immunogenicity of rSjTnT was detected by Western blotting and ELISA. The immuno-protective efficacy induced by rSjTnT in BALB/c mice was evaluated according to the reduction in worm and egg counts. Results The cDNA encoding SjTnT was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. Western blotting showed that rSjTnT had a good immunogenicity. The high level of specific IgG antibodies was detected,and 33.89% worm reduction and 43.94% liver egg reduction were obtained in mice vaccinated with rSjTnT combined with Seppic 206 adjuvant compared with those in the adjuvant control group. Conclusions rSjTnT could induce partial immuno-protection against S. japonicum infec-tion in BALB/c mice. This study provided a basic for understanding the biological function of SjTnT.

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of deposited eggs and pathological changes in the viscera of animal infected with Schistosoma japonicum at different time. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were infected artificially with quantitative S. japonicum miracidia,then the distribution characteristics and the hatchability of schistosome eggs as well as the pathological changes of the corresponding viscera of the rabbits 42 and 60 d post?infection were observed and compared. Re?sults On the 42nd day post?infection,among all the viscera observed,the percentage of eggs deposited,the number of eggs per gram and the hatchability were the highest in the liver,while on the 60th day post?infection,the tissues and organs with the highest values of the above 3 indexes were the liver,rectum and upper section of the small intestine,respectively. From 42 day to 60 day post?infection,the liver of infected rabbits became swelling,hardening and lost elasticity,the color changed from black to dark grey,and egg nodules gradually appeared in the different sections of the small intestine,and also the mucosal hy?peremia,edema and egg nodules were seen in the colon,cecum and rectum. The lesion levels tended to be correlated with the deposition of eggs. Conclusion The amount and the density as well as the hatching rate of deposited eggs of S. japonicum in the viscera of infected rabbits at different time are different,and the lesion level in the host is correlated with the deposition of eggs.

Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of praziquantel injection in buffaloes in contrast to praziquantel tablet. Methods A single oral administration of praziquantel tablet at a dose of 20 mg/kg or intramus-cular administration of praziquantel injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg was performed in six healthy adult buffalos according to a two-period crossover design. The praziquantel concentration in plasma was determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. Results The main pharma-cokinetic parameters of praziquantel tablet were as follows:Tmax=(0.60±0.29)h,Cmax=(0.57±0.37)μg/ml,T1/2β=(0.70±0.42) h,AUC=(0.80±0.70)(μg/ml)·h. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of praziquantel injection were as follows:Tmax=(0.65± 0.49)h,Cmax=(3.82 ± 1.17)μg/ml,T1/2β=(1.00 ± 0.73)h,AUC=(1.61 ± 0.89)(μg/ml)·h. The relative bioavailability of pra-ziquantel injection was 402.5％in contrast to praziquantel tablet. Conclusion The praziquantel injection has pharmacokinetic characteristics of rapid absorption,high bioavailability and extensive distribution,and the clinical recommended dosage of pra-ziquantel injection is 10 mg/kg.

Radiation sensitive protein 23 (RAD23) is a nucleotide excision repair (NER) protein that plays an important role in Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). Schistosoma japonicum radiation sensitive protein23 (SjRAD23) cDNA sequences were amplified by PCR and cloned into pET28a (+) vector to construct recombinant expression plasmid pET28a(+)-SjRAD23. The recombinant protein was expressed as both inclusion bodies and the supernatant in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cell. Immunofluorescence observation shows that SjRAD23 was mainly distributed on the tegument surface of the worms. ELISA assay reveals that specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies could be detected in the sera of rSjRAD23 immunized mice. Western blotting analysis shows that the recombinant SjRAD23 could be recognized by serum specific to soluble adult worm antigen of S. japonicum. BALB/c mice vaccinated with rSjRAD23 combined with 206 adjuvant revealed 35.94% worm reduction and 40.59% liver egg reduction when compared with that of the adjuvant control
Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth ; blood ; Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Genetic Vectors ; Helminth Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Schistosoma japonicum ; genetics ; metabolism ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; prevention & control ; Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo introduce the use of a self-made specimen protective sleeve in laparoscopic resection for upper or mid rectal cancer and sigmoid colon cancer with transrectal specimen extraction surgery and the improvement of implantation method, so as to avoid and reduce bacterial contamination and tumor cell dissemination in abdominal cavity.

METHODSDuring June 2015 and May 2017, 48 cases of high located rectal or sigmoid colon cancer were operated laparoscopically with natural orifices specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) using a self-made specimen protecting sleeve. Operation indication: (1) Rectum and sigmoid colon cancer with the distance of more than 6 cm from tumor inferior margin to dentate line. (2) The maximum diameter of intestine together with mesangial and tumor <7 cm by intraoperative judgment. (3) No anal and distal rectal surgery, no anorectal stenosis or lack of expansion capacity caused by trauma. (4) No ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or radiation proctitis. After transecting the rectum, the specimen protective sleeve was inserted through the right lower 12 mm main Trocar (This sleeve was tailored from the laparoscopic protective sleeve produced by China 3L Corporation, which was intercepted with 25-35 cm from one end of the sleeve according to the length of distal rectal retention. One end was ligated and the other was open with a ligature band. About 5 ml paraffin oil was used to rinse and lubricate during the operation). The rectal stump retained 7-8 cm in abdominal cavity. The transanal ligation part of the protective sleeve was cut off, then the stapler nail seat was inserted and specimen was pull out through the sleeve and rectum.

RESULTSThere were 30 males and 18 females. The average age was (64.5±14.1) years, the BMI was (25.4±3.9) kg/m, the tumor diameter was (3.3±1.1) cm, the maximum diameter of specimen was (5.4±1.5) cm and the length of specimen was (18.6±4.3) cm. Among these 48 cases, specimens of 36 patients were pulled out through inside of the sleeve easily, while specimens of 12 patients were quite difficult with resistance. Of 12 cases, 7 needed the help of transverse forceps, 4 needed to make 1 cm incision in pull-through bowel and insert a suction to decrease the volume of large specimens with gathering of gas and fluid, and 1 received small abdominal incision to remove specimen and perform intestinal reconstruction due to big specimen (the diameter of tumor and mesentery was 7.5 cm). Specimen tears of 6 patients didn't result in dissemination thanks to the specimen protecting sleeve. The operation time was (113.2±76.1) min, the bleeding amount was (38.5±17.3) ml, the time to first oral intake was (47.9±4.4) h, and the postoperative hospitalization length was (8.5±1.7) d. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 1 case (2.1%). No intra-abdominal and trocar infection, and obstruction were found.

CONCLUSIONThe use of protective sleeve and the improvement of the method of intraperitoneal implantation can effectively reduce the abdominal contamination during the specimen extraction. It can be applied to big specimens as well.

Foreign body reactions induced by macrophages often cause delay or failure of wound healing in the application of tissue engineering scaffolds. This study explores the application of nanosilver (NAg) to reduce foreign body reactions during scaffold transplantation. An NAg hybrid collagen-chitosan scaffold (NAg-CCS) was prepared using the freeze-drying method. The NAg-CCS was implanted on the back of rats to evaluate the effects on foreign body reactions. Skin tissue samples were collected for histological and immunological evaluation at variable intervals. Miniature pigs were used to assess the effects of NAg on skin wound healing. The wounds were photographed, and tissue samples were collected for molecular biological analysis at different time points post-transplantation. NAg-CCS has a porous structure and the results showed that it could release NAg constantly for two weeks. The NAg-CCS group rarely developed a foreign body reaction, while the blank-CCS group showed granulomas or necrosis in the subcutaneous grafting experiment. Both matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were reduced significantly in the NAg-CCS group. The NAg-CCS group had higher interleukin (IL)-10 and lower IL-6 than the blank CCS group. In the wound healing study, M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory-related proteins (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, and interferon-‍γ (IFN-‍γ)) were inhibited by NAg. In contrast, M2 macrophage activation and proinflammatory proteins (arginase-1, major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), and found in inflammatory zone-1 (FIZZ-1)) were promoted, and this was responsible for suppressing the foreign body responses and accelerating wound healing. In conclusion, dermal scaffolds containing NAg suppressed the foreign body reaction by regulating macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, thereby promoting wound healing.
Animals ; Rats ; Swine ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophage Activation ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Wound Healing ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Foreign Bodies ; Chitosan

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and feasibility of 3D laparoscopic surgery via transrectal extraction of specimens without abdominal incision in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC).

METHODSFrom May 2015 to January 2017, 8 STC patients (6 females and 2 males) with informed consent were selected to receive subtotal colectomy with 3D laparoscopy as the no-incision incision group, in which the initial part of ascending colon and rectum were end-to-end anastomosed directly after extraction of the specimen through the rectum. Twelve STC patients (9 females and 3 males) undergoing traditional subtotal colectomy with 3D laparoscopy were selected as the traditional group by case matching method (gender, age, BMI, the difference of receiving operation time less than 12 months, same surgeon team). Perioperative parameters (operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, exhausting time, postoperative hospital stay, complications, postoperative pain score and additional pain management), inflammation index at postoperative day 1 and day 3 (leukocyte, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein), postoperative peritoneal infection, wound healing, short-term and long-term efficacy, patient satisfaction evaluation (subjective hundred-mark system) at postoperative one year were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between two groups in operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, exhausting time, postoperative hospital stay and morbidity of complication (all P>0.05). Significantly lower pain scores at postoperative 6-hour (median 3.0 vs. 4.5, U=23.0, P=0.042), lower ratio of additional analgesic at postoperative day 1(1/8 vs. 7/12, P=0.040) were found in the no-incision group. Leukocyte level at postoperative day 1 was significantly lower in the no-incision group [(11.0±3.5)×10/L vs. (14.7±3.6)×10/L, t=-2.281, P=0.035]. C-reactive protein concentration at postoperative day 3 was not significantly different between two groups but with different trend [median 78.1(0.1 to 154.0) mg/L vs. 22.0 (7.0 to 55.9) mg/L,U=33.0, P=0.047]. There were no significant differences of interleukin-6 and procalcitonin between two groups(all P>0.05). All the patients had follow-up for 14-31 months. Subjective effectiveness score was 90±9 in the no-incision group and 94±6 in the traditional group without significant difference(t=-1.099, P=0.286). No long-term complications associated with abdominal infection was observed in the no-incision group.

CONCLUSION3D laparoscopic subtotal colectomy via transrectal extraction of specimens without abdominal incision in the treatment of STC has similar short-term and long-term efficacies compared with traditional laparoscopic assisted surgery, and does not increase the probability of abdominal contamination.

Colectomy ; methods ; Constipation ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Operative Time ; Rectum ; Treatment Outcome