Rectal carcinoid tumors are potential malignant and have been considered to be rare for a long time.But in recent years,the incidence has been increasing gradually,maybe due to the development of endoscopic technology,the widespread use of endoscopy for screening and the raising level of awareness.Because of the malignant tendency,early diagnosis and treatment are the most important things for patients.Nowadays,the misdiagnosis rate is still high and it is difficult to make differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors.The efficiency of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not clear.Surgery is the only effective method,but there is no uniform standard for the choice of operation.At present,it is appropriate to consider tumor size,depth of invasion,lymph node,pathological type and other risk factors to determine a surgical modality.Colonoscopy is recognized to be the best means by follow-up and should be carried out regulady in a longer period of time.Therefore,it is important to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid.

2*!cm. Conclusions Large invasive and metastatic carcinoid tend to be malignant, and the prognosis is usually poor, with which a radical resection may help.

Objective To evaluate circumferential mucosectomy for the treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids. Methods Ten patients with Ⅲ or Ⅳ degree of circular prolapsed hemorrhoids were operated on with circumferential mucosectomy using circular stapler. The mean age was 65 years old with hemorrhoids history of 3～25 years. Results Hemorrhoids in 8 of the 10 patients disappeared immediately after operation and 2 disappeared on the second day postoperatively. 3 patients complained local pain and 6 patients suffered from temporary urine retention after operation. No significant edema or bleeding ensued. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. No recurrence developed at an averaged 2 months′ follow up. Conclusion The new technique provides a significantly less painful choice of treatment for severely prolapsed circular hemorrhoids. However, the long-term outcome remains to be identified.

Purpose:To construct the mammalian co expression plasmid pIRES CEA IM 2 and detect the expression of the plasmid in vitro. Methods:Using cloning technique,the cDNA fragments of CEA gene and mouse molecule IL 2 gene were constructed into the mammalian co expression plasmid vector pIRES.The inserted target genes in the mammalian co expression plasmid were verified by nucleotide sequencing.C 26 cell line was transfected with this mammalian co expression plasmid using lipofecarnin reagent. The expression of CEA and IL 2 molecules were detected by ELISA technique.Results:The mammalian co expression plasmid pIRES CEA IL 2 was obtained by cloning technique. The nucleotide sequences of CEA gene and molecule IL 2 gene in this mammalian co expression plasmid had high homology with CEA standard strain (99.8%) and mouse IL 2 (99.9%) respectively. After transfection with this mammalian co expression plasmid, the CEA and IL 2 molecules were expressed in C 26 cells. Conclusions:The constructed mammalian co expression plasmid pIRES CEA IL 2 can express CEA and IL 2 molecules in vitro at the same time.

The incidence of colorectal cancer is high among the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment for colorectal cancer of old people. However, controlled trials with large sample size evaluating the effect of TCM are rare.

ObjectiveTo discuss the incidence,endoscopic manifestion and pathological features of the upper-gastrointestinal polyps ( stomach and deodenum) in FAP patients. MethodsDuring 2004 -2010 a total 57 FAP patients at Changhai Hospital underwent screening for polyps in upper-gastrointestinal tract by gastroscopy and sideward-viewing duodenoscopy. Biopsies were taken on the polypoid lesions.ResultsGastric polyps were found in 38 patients (67％).Most polyps were located at gastric body and antrum,the pathologic diagnosis was hyperplastic. Duodenal polyps were found in 12 patients (21％) including 7 cases of adenomatous polys. ConclusionsUpper- gastrointestinal polyps are the most common extra-colonic manifestion in FAP. Most stomach polyps are located at gastric body and antrum and are hyperplastic.Polyps at duodenum may be adenomatous,which is a precusor of carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of early postoperative internal hernia. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with early postoperative small bowel obstruction(EPSBO)within 30 days after operation and underwent laparotomy between 1994 and 2006 were included for study.Clinical and radiological findings were analyzed. Results Totally 38 EPSBO patients were identined.among those,9 patients(23.7%)had an internal hera ag the cause of the howel obstruction.Other causes included intestinal adhesions in 27 patients(71.1%),gallstone ileus in 1 patient(2.6%)and stoma obstruction in 1 patient(2.6%).In the internal hernia group,6 cases were male and 3 cases were female witIl a mean age of 53.6 years.The mean time from the primary operation to symptom development was 7.8 d(range,2～17 d)and the mean time of conservative treatment Was 3.4 d(range,1～8 d).The main clinical features included:complete mechanical obstruction with symptoms rapidly progressing and early bowel strangulation.Specific radiologic abnormalities misht be identified,especially by contrast-enhanced CT.In this series,intestinal strangulation was found in 6 patients with bowel necrosis in 4 eases,necessitating howel resection in 5 patients.Wound infection developed in one cage and there was no perioperative death.Conclusion Internal hernia can occur early postoperatively and it bears a high risk of strangulation and bowel necrosis.Prompt operative intervention should be carried out in highly suspicious patients in order to avoid complications and achieve good outcome.

ObjectiveTo construct the eukaryotic coexpression plasmid CEA/IL-2, and to lay the foundation for further studying CEA nucleiotide vaccine , adjuvant and their effects of special antitumor immunity.MethodsThe eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcDNA3-CEA)containing the gene coding for CEA was obtained by RT-PCR and gene recombination techniques.Using enzymolysis,ligation and other techniques,an eukaryotic coexpression plasmid (pIRES-CEA/IL-2)containing two expression unites of CEA and IL-2 gene connected with internal ribosome site was constructed.ResultsThe coexpression plasmids were transformed into COS7 cells and expression of two proteins were demonstrated by ELISA, and flow cytometer and elecsy.CEA and IL-2 were (23.73?0.26)ng/ml,and(20.17?0.13)ng/ml respectively.ConclusionsThe eukaryotic expression plasmids pIRES-CEA/IL-2 could be successfully constructed and transformed into COS7 cells.Expression of two proteins were demonstrated with no difference on expression.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic chronic colonic pseudo-obstruction(ICCPO). MethodsIn this study 69 patients admitted for “constipation” were finally found falling into one of the 4 groups: 11 cases of outlet obstructive constipation, 16 cases of slow transit constipation, 26 cases of mixed type, and 16 of ICCPO. ResultsThe main symptoms of these 16 ICCPO cases were intractable constipation, compared with that in other entities ICCPO tends to affect patients at younger age, with shorter clinical course, and often needs surgical intervention due to intractable bowel obstruction, usually total colectomy. ConclusionsICCPO, STC and mixed constipation are different clinical entities. The differentiation of ICCPO from other entities is sometimes very difficult especially when patients are suffering from acute onset of bowel obstruction.

1. 5 cm) sessile colorectal polyps referred for EMR. After submucosal injection of epinephrine, either en bloc or piecemeal snare polypectomy were performed. All resected specimens were retrieved for pathologic study. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed in all patients after EMR. Results All 157 polyps were removed completely. All lesions are larger than 1. 5cm, but 3 less than 1 cm on the submucosa of rectum. The largest one is 13 cm X 12 cm. No complication occurred. Histopathologic assessment of the resection specimens revealed the following: adenoma, 123; dysplasia, 80; mucosal carcinoma, 11; hyperplastic polyps, 20; rectal carcinoid, 3. Two patients who had rectal adenoma that was larger than 7cm recurrence happened at the resection site after 1 and 3 months follow-up respectively, than removed completely by hot biopsy forceps showed hyperplastic and villous adenoma on pathological study. No more residual tumor was detected for 6-12 months. Conclusion EMR with an intensive follow-up program is a safe and effective treatment for large sessile colorectal polyps and mucosal carcinoma.