Objective To establish a method to determine dicofol and eight pyrethroid pesticides residues in vegetables and fruits by gas chromatography.Methods The crushed samples were extracted with organic solvent,then the extract was analyzed by DM-17 capillary column gas chromatography after being purified by PestiCarb-NH2 cartridge and silica cartridge solid phase extraction.Results The detection curve covered the linear range of 0.10-2.0 ?g/ml .The minimum detection limit was 0.011-0.090 ?g/kg.The rates of recovery were 85.4%-105%.The variable coefficient(RSD) was under 7.0%.Conclusion This method has the advantages of less disturb, simple and high accuracy, and it can be applicable to the routine analysis of dicofol and pyrethroid pesticides residues.

OBJECTIVETo understand the characteristics of pncA gene in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and its correlation with drug resistance to pyrazinamide.

METHODSA total of 127 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis were collected from Shenzhen from year 2007 to 2009. PZA susceptibility was determined by the BACTEC MGIT 960 PZA method. Pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity testing and pncA gene sequencing were performed in all the isolates. The type and frequency of mutations in pncA were determined. Correlation analysis among PZA susceptibility and PZase activity, pncA mutation was performed.

RESULTSAmong the 127 isolates, 62 isolates (48.8%) were found resistance to PZA. Among the 62 PZA resistant isolates, 45 isolates which had various pncA mutations were negative for PZase. Mutation rate was 77.4% (48/62) in total PZA resistance isolates. Different types of 48 resistant isolates were identified in the pncA gene, including base substitution (33 isolates), frame shift mutation (12 isolates) and codon mutation (3 isolates). No mutations except one isolate (N11D) existed in all PZA-susceptibility isolates which were positive for PZase. A total of 5 mutations which have not been described previously were found as follows: H57P, P62Q, G108R, D110Y and G162V. The correlation among the PZA susceptibility and the PZase activity (r = 0.895, P < 0.05), the pncA mutation (r = 0.779, P < 0.05) were significant in 127 multidrug-resistant isolates.

CONCLUSIONA high diversity of pncA gene mutation was found among PZA resistant strains of MTB. This study revealed five new mutations of the pncA gene that were not previously described, which scattered in the hot-spot regions located in the metal coordination site and active site of the enzyme. Mutations had a high correlation with the PZA resistance.

Antitubercular Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Pyrazinamide ; pharmacology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; genetics ; microbiology

Objective To explore the application of artificial TiMesh in supporting the serious smashing hollow fractured skull to restore its complete cranial cavity structure. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 patients with serious smashing hollow fractured skull, admitted to our hospital from January 2004 to November 2009: surgical approaches and follow-up results were reviewed; the results of such examinations as X-ray, CT, ECT were analyzed to determine the skull plastic situation and particle bone survival situation. Results No serious postoperative complications were found in these 21 patients and the reconstruction was very successful with survival particle bones.Conclusion The artificial TiMesh, being able to conform to the physiological anatomy of human being,supports the serious smashing hollow fractured skull to restore its complete cranial cavity structure with satisfied reconstruction results and little postoperative complications.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) and genetic mutations of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and early ECG changes in HCM patients.

METHODSClinical, 12-lead ECG and echocardiographic examination as well as genetic examinations were made in a three-generation Chinses HCM pedigree with 8 family members (4 males). The clinical characterization and ECG parameters were analyzed and their relationship with genotypes in the family was explored.

RESULTSFour missense mutations (MYH7-H1717Q, MYLK2-K324E, KCNQ1-R190W, TMEM70-I147T) were detected in this pedigree. The proband carried all 4 mutations and 5 members carried 2 mutations. Corrected QTc interval of KCNQ1-H1717Q carriers was significantly prolonged and was consistent with the ECG characterization of long QT syndrome. MYLK2-K324E and KCNQ1-R190W carriers presented with Q wave and(or) depressed ST segment, as well as flatted or reversed T waves in leads from anterolateral and inferior ventricular walls. ECG results showed ST segment depression, flat and inverted T wave in the gene mutation carriers with normal echocardiographic examination results. ECG and echocardiographic results were normal in TMEM70-I147T mutation carrier.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined mutations of the genes associated with cardiac ion channels and HCM are linked with the ECG phenotype changes in this HCM pedigree. The variations in ECG parameters due to the genetic mutation appear earlier than the echocardiography and clinical manifestations. Variation in ECG may become one of the indexes for early diagnostic screening and disease progression of the HCM gene mutation carriers.

Brugada Syndrome ; Cardiac Conduction System Disease ; Cardiac Myosins ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Exons ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Humans ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; Long QT Syndrome ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase ; Pedigree ; Phenotype

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) and find an effective method to make differential diagnosis between the 2 entities. Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients with dementia,admitted to our hospital from August 2006 to June 2011, and 42 patients with dementia found from community epidemiological survey were chosen in our study; their clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed; in these patients,114 patients were with AD and 90 patients were with VaD.Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed on these patients and the cognitive competence,behavioral symptoms and imaging data of these patients were analyzed and compared. Results More female,higher education level and longer course of disease in patients with AD were noted as compared with those in patients with VaD (P＜0.05); the scores of attention and calculation in patients with VaD were obviously lower than those in patients with AD (P＜0.05); the scores of short-term memory,retelling and reading comprehension in patients with VaD were obviously higher than those in patients with AD (P＜0.05); the happening of repeated convergence behavior in patients with AD was much more often than that in patients with VaD (P＜0.05); patients with AD had higher ratio of shrinking hippocampus than patients with VaD, and the incidence of vascular disease in the brain of patients with VaD was significantly higher than that of patients with AD (P＜0.05). Conclusion Substantial differences on clinical and imaging features exist in AD and VaD patients,which can be attributed to the differences of lesion nature and distribution,as well as the underlying pathophysiological procedures of each disease.

BACKGROUNDSurgical interventions for moyamoya disease include direct and indirect revascularizations. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass combined with an indirect revascularization procedure, encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis, in the treatment of moyamoya disease.

METHODSFrom October 2005 to November 2009, we performed this combined revascularization procedure in 111 patients with different types and stages of moyamoya disease. The superficial temporal artery, middle meningeal artery and the deep temporal artery were evaluated for individualized surgical planning in these cases. The integrity of the deep temporal artery and the middle meningeal artery network, and the pre-existing spontaneous anastomoses of the distal branches of the external carotid artery with the cortical arteries were well preserved. The mean follow-up time was 72.5 months, all clinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSA total of 198 stomas were performed in 122 hemispheres, all remaining patent until the last follow-up. The encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis resulted in extensive anastomoses of the deep temporal artery (100%), the middle meningeal artery (90.9%), and the sphenopalatine artery (39.8%) with the cortical arteries, respectively. The superficial temporal artery, deep temporal artery, and the middle meningeal artery were significantly thickened in 88 patients as determined by digital subtraction angiography at follow-up. The relative cerebral blood flow increased significantly within one week after the operation. At 6 months post the operation, the relative cerebral blood flow was further increased by 15.5% from the gradual formation of anastomoses as a result of indirect revascularization. Transient ischemic attacks were effectively reduced or totally arrested. The neurological deficits significantly improved in 37 patients, with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores lowered by 2-8. There was no rehemorrhage in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease patients.

CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass combined with encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis can achieve good therapeutic effect in the treatment of moyamoya disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cerebral Revascularization ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Moyamoya Disease ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDEctonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP)-1 is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside triphosphates to monophosphate and extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi). Mechanical stimulation regulates ENPP-1 expression. This study sought to investigate the changes in ENPP-1 expression after stimulation using cyclic mechanical tension (CMT).

METHODSRat end-plate chondrocytes were cultured and subjected to CMT (at 3%, 6%, and 9% elongation) for 20, 40, and 60 minutes to observe changes in the expression of ENPP-1. To investigate the pathway, end-plate chondrocytes were exposed to 10 ng/ml of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β1 siRNA, or a specific extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitor, U0126, in addition to CMT. Changes in ENPP-1 expression were measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.

RESULTSWe observed the largest increase in ENPP-1 expression following 3% elongation CMT stimulation. ENPP-1 expression was also increased when end-plate chondrocytes were exposed to 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1, but decreased after TGF-β knockdown with siRNA. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was activated after 3% elongation for 40 minutes, and the stimulatory effect of TGF-β1 on ENPP-1 mRNA and protein expression was inhibited by the suppression of the ERK1/2 pathway using U0126.

CONCLUSIONCMT increases the expression of ENPP-1 in end-plate chondrocytes in a manner likely dependent on TGF-β induction by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pyrophosphatases ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThrough reviewing the relevant literature from the past decades, to summarize the assessment and management of fractures of the clavicle, and provide an overview of the clinical results of a range of treatment options.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review are mainly from articles included in PubMed and EMBASE, published from 1960 to 2015.

STUDY SELECTIONStudies involving assessment of fractures of the clavicle were reviewed. Further literatures were gathered regarding the conservative and surgical treatment of these fractures, including the methods of fixation and the surgical approaches used. Both conservative and surgical treatments were then compared and contrasted.

RESULTSThrough retrieving and reading the abstract, a total of 42 representative articles were selected, which covered all aspects of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the majority of recent data suggest that surgery may be more appropriate as it improves functional outcome and reduces the risk of complications, we recommend that the treatment should be individually assessed.

Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To summarize and analyze the efficacy of microvascular decompression (MVD) for cerebral neurovascular compression syndrome and its postoperative complications. Methods MVD was performed in 39 patients with cerebral neurovascular compression syndrome, including 19 with trigeminal neuralgia, 18 with facial spasm and 2 with glossopharyngeal neuralgia. The surgical techniques and prevention of postoperative complications were analyzed. Results The immediate relief of pain was succeed in 17 with trigeminal neuralgia and 2 with glossopharyngeal neuralgia and the spasm was eliminated in 16 with facial spasm right after the operation. No hematoma, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or death appeared and the total effectiveness rate was 94.87%. Follow-up was performed in 34 with an average of 1.58 years and 32 were recorded with good results. Conclusion MVD for cerebral neurovascular compression syndrome is safe, minimally invasive and effective. It is by far the first choice in the treatment of cerebral neurovascular compression syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using gelatin sponges or microspheres plus lipiodol-doxorubicin vs. doxorubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 158 patients with HCC received TACE from November 2010 to November 2011 were enrolled in this study, including 64 (40.5%) received TACE with lipiodol-doxorubicin and gelatin sponges (group A), 41 (25.9%) received TACE with lipiodol-doxorubicin and microspheres (group B), and 53 (33.5%) received TACE with doxorubicin-loaded DEB (group C). Tumor response and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. RESULTS: No significant difference was found at baseline among the three groups. The doxorubicin dosage in group C was significantly (p < 0.001) higher compared to the dose used in groups A or B (median, 50 mg vs. 31 mg or 25 mg). Significantly (p < 0.001) more patients in group C achieved complete response compared to those in groups A or B (32.1% vs. 6.3% or 2.4%). Significantly (p < 0.001) less patients in group C had progressive disease compared to those in groups A or B (34.0% vs. 57.8% or 68.3%). Minor AEs were more common in groups A and B compared to group C, with rates of 54.7%, 34.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with HCC, TACE with DEB offers better safety and efficacy profiles compared to either TACE with gelatin sponges or TACE with microspheres.
Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*drug therapy/mortality ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Drug Carriers/*chemistry ; Ethiodized Oil/chemistry ; Female ; Fever/etiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gelatin/chemistry ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality ; Male ; Microspheres ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies