Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (LUTS/BPH) in outpatient department for elderly patients, and to understand the patients' attitude and knowledge on the disease. Methods The investigation was conducted in 34 outpatient departments for elderly patients located in 11 cities from February to September 2008. The male patients who came to the clinic during the survey time were investigated whether they had LUTS /BPH history or not. Then some eligible patients were chosen to accept a more detailed questionnaire and BPH-related examinations. Results There were 31371 male patients who came to the clinic. 47.0% of them (14748 cases) had the history of LUTS / BPH, and 72.4 % (10678 cases) had medical or surgical treatments presently or previously, whereas 27.6% were untreated. The three most commonly performed examinations in clinical practice were urinalysis, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transabdominal ultrasonography. In 3542 patients receiving medical investigation, 32.6% (1155 cases) were given 5a reductase inhibitor, and 35.0% (1239 cases) received a combination therapy of 5a reductase inhibitor plus a receptor blocker. 84.5 (1796 cases) and 79.0% (1678 cases) of all the patients were satisfied with the examinations and treatments respectively. Conclusions LUTS and BPH are common in outpatient department for elderly patients. There are discrepancies of examinations and medical treatments between real medical practice and international suggestion, and the patients' understanding of the disease should be improved

Objective To study the present situation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of male patients in geriatrics department. Methods Two thousand one hundred and twenty-five patients aged 60 years and above with BPH in geriatrics department of Chengdu, Lanzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan and Beijing were investigated using stratified cluster random sampling method. Results The constituent ratio of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in geriatrics department was 47.0%, and the proportions of the elderly of 60～,70～ ,80～ years old among the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were 18.1%,49.4 and 32.5%, respectively (x2 = 83.68, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the occupation distribution of BPH constituent ratio: 66.4% for staffs of state organs, 18.0% for professional technical personnel and 14.7% for works and peasants (x2=410.27,P<0.001). The international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) were different among different cities (x2=101.00, P<0. 001 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that the IPSS was correlated with age and profession (age: OR= 1.029;worker and peasant as control group, working staff of state organs OR=O.707, professional technical personnel OR=0.339 ). Conclusions The benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in male elderly patients in China, but the consultation rate is low. The IPSS of benign prostatic hyperplasia is correlated with age and profession. Prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the elderly should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Gastrodia elata hency-fired tablet. METHODS:TLC was used to identify the gastrodin and benzyl alcohol and determine the content of moisture,ash and extract;HPLC was used to determine the content of gastrodin and benzyl alcohol. Column was Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphate(3:97,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 220 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃ and volume injection was 10 μl. RE-SULTS:The TLC of gastrodin and benzyl alcohol showed clear spots and good separation. The moisture content<35.0%,total ash contents<2.0% and extract content>40.0%. Linear range of gastrodin was 25.2-126.0,12.7-63.5 μg/ml(r=0.999 9),respectively;RSDs of precision,reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 2.0%;recovery was 99.49%-102.40%(RSD=1.09%,n=6), 98.75-102.63%(RSD=1.53,n=6),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and good reproducibility,and can be used for the quality control of Gastrodia elata hency-fired tablet.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment of quality standard for Fresh Gastrodia elata lyophilized powder. METHODS:TLC was conducted for the qualitative identification of G. elata in preparation,and HPLC was conducted for the content determination of gastrodin in preparation. The column was Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05% phos-phoric acid(3∶97,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 220 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃ and vol-ume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:TLC pots of Fresh G. elata lyophilized powder were clear and well-separated. The linear of gastrodin was 2.9-14.5 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.00%;recov-ery was 98.07%-102.70%(RSD=1.74%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and suitable for the quality control of Fresh G. elata lyophilized powder.

Objective To evaluate the demands of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and its influencing factors. Methods One thousand five hundred and twenty-seven patients (≥60 years old) with BPH in 26 hospitals of 9 cities were selected in the study by using stratified random sampling method. The demands of patients with BPH and its influencing factors were evaluated by rank sum test and rank correlation analysis. Results In 1527 BPH patients, most patients thought that doctors' communication with them before opening examination items (1297/ 1527,84.9%),health guidance for BPH progress(1310/1527,85.8%), BPH diagnosis(1279/1527, 83.8 %) and BPH treatment(1329/1527,87. 0%) were necessary. Doctors'communication with them before opening examination items, health guidance for BPH progress, BPH diagnosis and BPH treatment showed significant statistical difference among patients with different age, medical care, the lasting time of clinical symptoms, diagnosis time, international prostate symptom scores and quality of life scores (all P<0. 05). While in patients with different nation, retirement status, marital status, living style and average family income, there were no significant statistical difference in needing the doctors'communication with them before opening examination items, health guidance for BPH progress, BPH diagnosis and BPH treatment(all P>0.05). Conclusions Patients with BPH have a higher demand for treatment. The demand degree is related with age group, health care, the lasting time of clinical symptoms, diagnosis time, international prostate symptom scores and quality of life scores. Most patients have desire to accept health guidance.

The monocot mannose-binding lectin can inhibit HIV from infecting the target cells. The total RNA of Zephyranthes grandiflora was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA. Degenerate primers were designed based on the conserved regions of other monocot mannose-binding agglutinins by homology alignment. The 694bp full-length cDNA of Zephyranthes grandiflora agglutinin (ZGA) was cloned by RT-PCR, 3' and 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The start codon and stop codon of ZGA were at 37-39bp and 529-531bp respectively. The NCBI Blast analysis result showed that ZGA gene encoded a protein precursor with signal peptide, mature protein and C-terminal cleavage sequence. The mature ZGA protein contained 106 amino acids residues and its molecular weight was 11.6KD. The percentages of identity of the deduced mature ZGA protein with those of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, Narcissus hybrid cultivar agglutinin, Lycoris radiate agglutinin and Clivia miniata agglutinin were 71.8%, 81%, 81.8% and 84.5%, respectively. Blocks analysis revealed that ZGA had three functional domains and three mannose-binding boxes (QDNY).
Agglutinins ; genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Liliaceae ; genetics ; Mannose-Binding Lectin ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Detailed characterizations of genomic alterations have not identified subtype-specific vulnerabilities in adult gliomas. Mapping gliomas into developmental programs may uncover new vulnerabilities that are not strictly related to genomic alterations. After identifying conserved gene modules co-expressed with EGFR or PDGFRA (EM or PM), we recently proposed an EM/PM classification scheme for adult gliomas in a histological subtype- and grade-independent manner. By using cohorts of bulk samples, paired primary and recurrent samples, multi-region samples from the same glioma, single-cell RNA-seq samples, and clinical samples, we here demonstrate the temporal and spatial stability of the EM and PM subtypes. The EM and PM subtypes, which progress in a subtype-specific mode, are robustly maintained in paired longitudinal samples. Elevated activities of cell proliferation, genomic instability and microenvironment, rather than subtype switching, mark recurrent gliomas. Within individual gliomas, the EM/PM subtype was preserved across regions and single cells. Malignant cells in the EM and PM gliomas were correlated to neural stem cell and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell compartment, respectively. Thus, while genetic makeup may change during progression and/or within different tumor areas, adult gliomas evolve within a neurodevelopmental framework of the EM and PM molecular subtypes. The dysregulated developmental pathways embedded in these molecular subtypes may contain subtype-specific vulnerabilities.
Humans ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism* ; Glioma/pathology* ; Neural Stem Cells/pathology* ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment