Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of pulsed ultrasound on skeletal muscle fibrosis after injury.Methods Thirty elderly male rats with gastrocnemius muscle injury were divided into an ultrasound group (UG) and a control group (CG) using a random number table.The injured muscles in the UG were treated using pulsed ultrasound (frequency 1 MHz,average strength 40 mW/cm2,duty cycle 20％) for 10 min daily from day 3 after the injury.The CG was given no treatment.On days 3,7,14,21 and 28 after the injury,histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the gastrocnemius muscles of both groups were performed.Results The collagen fiber mean optical density of the muscles increased gradually after the injury and reached its peak on day 21.It was significantly lower in the UG than in the CG on each test day.The expression of α-SMA increased gradually after the injury,but it too remained significantly lower in UG than that in CG.Conclusion Pulsed ultrasound may reduce collagen formation and α-SMA expression in injured skeletal muscle,and then inhibit muscle fibrosis.

Objective To explore any effect of calorie restriction on the proliferation of satellite cells in the skeletal muscles of elderly rats.Methods Twelve male C57BL rats aged 12 or 13 months were randomly divided in to an experimental group and a control group,each of 6.The control group was fed 75.09 kJ/d as normal,while the experimental group was provided with 45.05 kJ/d (60％ of normal).The intervention lasted for 15 weeks and each rat's weight was measured every week.After the intervention,limb muscle satellite cells were sorted by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting after digestion,and the cell cycle was analyzed.Western blotting was used to assess the expression of cyclin A,D1 and E.Results There was no significant difference in the average weight of the two groups before the experiment.After the 15 weeks the average weight of the experimental group had decreased significantly (to 19.5±0.4 g),and it was significantly lighter than that of the control group (31.9±0.5 g).The average percentage of the satellite cells in the G0/G1 phase had decreased significantly in the experimental group,but the percentage in the S phase had increased significantly.The expression of cyclin A and E was significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group,but the expression of cyclin D1 had decreased significantly.Conclusion Caloric restriction can delay the proliferation of satellite cells in the skeletal muscles of elderly mice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of homocysteine (Hcy), metabolic enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T and chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPHD). Methods The gene polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)in CPHD patients (n=120) and healthy control (HC, n=120), and genotyping was carried on. The automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to detect the level of Hcy and other related biochemical indicators. Results There was significant difference in Hcy level between the CPHD group and HC group (P<0.05). The mutation frequencies of CC, CT and TT were 24.17%, 43.33%and 32.50%, 35.00%, 47.50%and 17.50%in the CPHD group and HC group. The mutation frequencies of allele C/T were 45.83%and 54.17%in HC group, and 58.75%and 41.25%in control group. There was significant difference in the overall frequency distribution between the three genotypes (χ2 =8.010, P<0.05). The frequency of T allele was significantly higher in CPHD group than that in control group (χ2=8.025,P<0.05). Conclusion The increased Hcy and its metabolic enzyme MTHFR C677T may be involved in the occurrence and development of CPHD.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of using low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stents for the treatment of aneurysms in the small intracranial vessels (diameter <2.5 mm).Methods Between October 2014 and April 2016,the clinical data of all 30 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysm treated with LVIS stents with the small parent arteries <2.5 mm in diameter in Changhai Hospital,the Second Military Medical University were analyzed retrospectively,including 7 ruptured aneurysms and 23 unruptured aneurysms.The anterior circulation aneurysm accounted for 93.3% (n=28),and the diameters of the parent arteries were 1.6-2.4 mm.The complications associated with surgery,angiography,clinical outcomes,and mid-term follow-up data were analyzed.Results The success rate of stent implantation was 100%.Immediate embolization results:Raymond grade Ⅰ in 12 cases (40.0%),Raymond grade Ⅱ in 11 cases (36.7%),and Raymond grade Ⅲ in 7 cases (23.3%).Complications occurred in 2 cases,including one perforating artery occlusion and one intraoperative rupture.Twenty-five patients accepted the angiographic follow-up (Raymond grade Ⅰ in 21 cases,grade Ⅱ in 3 cases,and grade Ⅲ in 1 case).The follow-up time ranged from 4 to 14 months,with an average of 8.1± 2.6 months.One patient had asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in the distal end of the stent.No new neurological dysfunction or death occurred.Conclusion The deployment of LVIS stents in small vessels is safe and feasible,the effect of mid-term follow-up is better.However,a larger sample study and long-term follow-up results are needed.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between upper airway MRI parameters and the severity of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Then the values of upper airway MRI parameters in waking state were assessed.METHODS The MRI upper airway parameters of 37 OSAHS patients and 18 nonsnoring normal subjects were measured and compared. Then data analysis were carried out to find out significant correlations between the MRI upper airway parameters and the severity of patients (the apnea hypopnea index, AHI; the lowest oxygen saturation, LSaO2; the oxygen desaturation index, ODI) with OSAHS.RESULTSThe correlation between cross-sectional areas and left-right diameter in the narrowest retropalatal region, the thickness of lateral pharyngeal wall, the length of the tongue, the length and thickness of the soft palate and the cross-sectional areas of the soft palate on midsagittal planes and severity of OSAHS were found (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONThe MRI upper airway parameters can be used in evaluating the severity of OSAHS in some ways, locating the obstruction sites and choosing the best treatment planning.

Objective: To observe the immediate effect of small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation in improving the correction of braces for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 50 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were selected and given brace correction first. The whole spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken, the Cobb angle was measured, and the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain caused by brace wearing was recorded. After removal of the brace, small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation was performed once. After treatment, the same brace was put on again to take a whole spine anteroposterior radiograph, the Cobb angle was measured, and the VAS score was recorded. The changes in Cobb angle and VAS score after manipulation were compared, and the immediate efficacy was evaluated. Results: After the manipulation, the Cobb angle was significantly smaller than that before treatment (P<0.01) and the VAS score was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: Small-angle Tui-Pushing and An-Pressing anti-rotation bone-setting manipulation can improve the immediate efficacy of brace in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and relieve the pain caused by brace wearing at the same time.

Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on the expression of aquaporin - 2 (AQP2)in the kidney of young SD rats after release of bilateral ureter obstruction(BUO - R). Methods Thirty - two young SD rats were equally divided into 4 groups randomly(BUO group,BUO - R group,BUO - R ﹢ EPO group and Sham group,8 rats in each group). The BUO model was built through bilateral ureteral ligation. EPO(500 U/ kg)was given to BUO - R ﹢ EPO rats at 2 h after release of BUO,and then repeated 6 h,12 h,24 h and 36 h thereafter and the same volume of 9 g/ L saline was simultaneously given to BUO - R rats. The Sham group was prepared in parallel by laparotomy and free dissection of bilateral ureters but not ligated. Both side kidneys were harvested 48 h(72 h for Sham group)after release of BUO to examine the effect of EPO on the expression of AQP2 in inner medulla by immunohisto-chemistry,Real - time PCR and Western blot. The urine samples were collected by using metabolic cage before death. Results The osmotic pressure of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group was higher than that of BUO - R group,but lower than that of Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the collecting duct wall thinned and lumen enlarged. After the pictures were analysized by using Image - Pro Plus software,it showed that the expression of AQP2 in collecting duct in BUO group was significantly down - regulated compared with that in Sham group,whereas,it was slightly weaker in BUO - R group and BUO - R ﹢ EPO group than Sham group(P ﹤ 0. 05). These results were further confirmed by a-dopting Western blot,and the relative quantity of AQP2 in BUO group was also the lowest of the four groups(P ﹤0. 05). Real - time PCR showed that the level of AQP2 mRNA in Sham group was(24. 30 ± 1. 03)folds of BUO group,(10. 60 ± 1. 05)folds of BUO - R group and(5. 70 ± 1. 01)folds of BUO - R ﹢ EPO group,respectively. Conclusion EPO could promote not only the recovery of AQP2 mRNA and protein expression but also the recovery of AQP2 function in young BUO - R rats.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of spinal guidance exercise on adolescents of mild idiopathic scoliosis, so as to provide an experimental reference and method for promoting adolescents spinal health. Methods: From the scoliosis screening, 96 children who met the diagnostic criteria were selected in June 2021, and were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 48 cases in each group. The experimental group received a 12 week Longji Daoyin exercise training, and the control group received health education, observation and monitoring. Before and after the experiment, the axial trunk rotation (ATR) and scoliosis Cobb angle of the two groups were tested respectively, and the subjective sensation of the patients was measured by Scoliosis Research Society-22(SRS-22) questionnaire. Results: After 12 weeks, the ATR and Cobb angles of the experimental group decreased [( 5.02± 2.85，7.59±3.94)°]，compared to (7.08±2.84)° and (15.84±2.00)° before intervention( t =14.02, 17.09, P < 0.01 ). Scores of functional activity, self image and mental health in the SRS-22 score increased from (4.65±0.14)(3.49±0.21) and (3.99±0.17) to(4.77±0.14)(4.62±0.13)(4.42±0.13)( t =-4.86,-39.12,-13.92, P <0.01 ). The ATR and Cobb angles of the control group increased from (6.94±2.15)° and (15.82±1.76)° to (8.25±2.49)° and (18.63±3.12)°( t =7.44,8.99, P <0.01), and the scores of self image and mental health in the SRS-22 score decreased from (3.49±0.19) and (4.00±0.15) to (3.44±0.18) and (3.94±0.14)( t =-3.74,-4.39, P <0.05). Conclusion Early adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is easy to aggravate during the observation period. Longji Daoyin exercise is of preventive and therapeutic significance.

OBJECTIVE：To i nvestigate the spectrum-effect relationship of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethyl acetate extract from Zhuang medicine Stahlianthus involucratus from different habitats. METHODS ：Ten batches of S. involucratus from different habitats were used as samples to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of ethyl acetate extracts by xylene induced ear swelling test and acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of ethyl acetate extract from S. involucratus were established and their similarity was evaluated by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint （2012 edition），and the common peaks were identified by comparison with the control. The spectrum-effect relationship of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of ethyl acetate extract from S. involucratus were analyzed on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficient （auricle swelling degree and writhing times in 15 min as pharmacodynamic indexes ）and Grey relational analysis （inhibition rate of ear swelling and analgesic rate as pharmacodynamic indexes ）. RESULTS ： batches of ethyl acetate extract from S. involucratus had obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects ； inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice were 46.43％-55.16％，and the analgesic rates of mice were 45.56％-52.72％. A total of 18 common peaks were identified in 10 batches of samples ，andthe similarity between them and the control fingerprint was 0.994-0.997. Compared with substance control ，the pea ks 1，2 and 4 were identified as protocatechuic acid ， p-hydroxy- 0771-4953513。E-mail：liangjie1101@126.com benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde，respectively. Results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that peak 10 and peak 18 were significantly negative correlated with auricle swelling degree and writhing times in 15 min（r were values －0.853，－0.738，P values were 0.002，0.015，respectively）. Results of Gray correlation degree analysis showed that the correlation degree of 18 common peaks with inhibition rate of ear swelling and analgesic rate were all greater than 0.65；among them ，peaks 14，1（protocatechuic acid ），17，9，4（p-hydroxybenzaldehyde），2（p-hydroxybenzoic acid ）， 16，7 and 6 showed the relatively high correlation degree （correlation degree ＞0.7）；peak 1（protocatechuic acid ），17，14，9，16，2 （p-hydroxybenzoic acid ）and 4（p-hydroxybenzaldehyde）showed the relatively high correlation degree （correlation degree ＞0.7）. CONCLUSIONS：The ethyl acetate extract of S. involucratus show good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Peak 1 （protocatechuic acid ），2（p-hydroxybenzoic acid ），10，14，17，18 may be its main active ingredients.

Objective:To analyze the ultrasonographic features of adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (ANPCE).Methods:A retrospective series of case studies. From January 2014 to October 2021, 31 patients (31 eyes) with ANPCE (ANPCE group) were diagnosed in the eye center of Beijing Tongren Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and 17 patients (17 eyes) with ciliary body melanoma (control group) diagnosed at the same time were selected as the control group. There was no significant difference in age ( t=-0.564) and sex composition ratio ( χ 2=0.182) between the two groups ( P=0.576, 0.670). All patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy to obtain the measurement parameters: tumor height, maximum basal diameter, maximum diameter, ratio of maximum diameter to basal diameter and ratio of maximum diameter to height; tumor location, shape, internal echogenicity intensity, echogenicity uniformity, degree of sound attenuation, invasion of iris, anterior displacement of the iris, lens subluxation were observed. The measurement parameters and observation indexes of the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test and χ 2 test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was determined, and parameter indicators with differential diagnosis value were screened. Results:The maximum diameter, height, maximum basal diameter, ratio of the maximum diameter to the maximum basal diameter, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the height of the tumors in the ANPCE group and the control group were 5.64±0.98 mm, 4.24±0.59 mm, 3.66±0.71 mm, 1.58±0.34, 1.34±0.19 and 7.82±2.03 mm, 4.47±2.44 mm, 7.02±1.96 mm, 1.13±0.16, 2.09±1.06. The maximum diameter, the maximum basal diameter, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the height of the tumor in the ANPCE group were all smaller than those of the control group, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the maximum basal diameter was greater than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-4.159,-6.808, -2.924, 6.257; P<0.05). The tumors in the ANPCE group were mainly spherical (87.1%, 27/31), with no significant acoustic attenuation (77.4%, 24/31), less invading the root iris (77.4%, 24/31), and the tumors were mostly located in the ciliary body coronal (74.2%, 23/31); tumors in the control group were mainly hemispherical (47.1%, 8/17) or spherical (47.1%, 8/17), with significant sound attenuation (76.5%, 13/17), most of the tumors invaded the iris (70.6%, 12/17), and the tumors were mostly located from the pars plana to the coronal (76.5%, 13/17). There were statistically significant differences in the position, shape, sound attenuation degree, and whether it invaded the iris between the two groups of eyes ( χ 2=15.132, 19.767, 13.118, 10.581; P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the ratio of the largest diameter to the largest base diameter, the degree of sound attenuation and the AUC of whether the iris was violated were higher, which were 0.881, 0.769, and 0.740, respectively. Conclusions:Ultrasound biomicroscopy is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ANPCE and ciliary body melanoma. The ratio of maximum diameter to maximum basal diameter, the degree of sound attenuation and whether it invades the root iris are important parameters to distinguish the two tumors.