Objective To explore the effects of transurethral blue laser vaporization of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)on the sexual function and lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 BPH patients admitted to our department during Mar.and Aug.2023.The patients were divided into two groups,46 in the blue laser group,and 45 in the transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate(PKRP)group.The operation time,bladder irrigation time,catheter indwelling time and postoperative hospitalization time of the two groups were compared.Postvoid residual(PVR),maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),international prostatic symptoms score(I PSS),quality of life score(QoL),international index of erectile function-5(IIEF-5)score,the Chinese index of premature ejaculation(CIPE)score and incidence of retrograde ejaculation were compared before and 6 months after operation.Results The operation time[(24.66±5.38)min vs.(62.50±3.85)min],bladder irrigation time[(20.40±2.78)h vs.(51.93±5.02)h],catheter indwelling time(1.65±0.89)d vs.(6.73±2.98)d]and postoperative hospitalization time[(4.26±1.57)d vs.(8.45±2.28)d]were significantly shorter in the blue laser group than in the PKRP group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in Qmax,PVR,QoL and IPSS between the two groups before and 6 months after operation(P＞0.05).Six months after surgery,the IIEF-5 score and CIPE score of the blue laser group were higher than those of the PKRP group[(20.02±2.63)vs.(17.64±1.75);(30.88±3.45)vs.(26.25±3.51)],but the incidence of retrograde ejaculation was lower(4.35％vs.35.60％),with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Blue laser vaporization of the prostate can improve lower urinary tract symptoms and protect sexual function.

Background::Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the main types of malignant tumor of the digestive system, and patient prognosis is affected by difficulties in early diagnosis, poor treatment response, and a high postoperative recurrence rate. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) has been widely used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of PDAC patients. Nevertheless, the production mechanism and potential role of CA19-9 in PDAC progression have not yet been elucidated.Methods::We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on six samples pathologically diagnosed as PDAC (three CA19-9-positive and three CA19-9-negative PDAC samples) and two paracarcinoma samples. We also downloaded and integrated PDAC samples (each from three CA19-9-positive and CA19-9-negative patients) from an online database. The dynamics of the proportion and potential function of each cell type were verified through immunofluorescence. Moreover, we built an in vitro coculture cellular model to confirm the potential function of CA19-9. Results::Three subtypes of cancer cells with a high ability to produce CA19-9 were identified by the markers TOP2A, AQP5, and MUC5AC. CA19-9 production bypass was discovered on antigen-presenting cancer-associated fibroblasts (apCAFs). Importantly, the proportion of immature ficolin-1 positive (FCN1+) macrophages was high in the CA19-9-negative group, and the proportion of mature M2-like macrophages was high in the CA19-9-positive group. High proportions of these two macrophage subtypes were associated with an unfavourable clinical prognosis. Further experiments indicated that CA19-9 could facilitate the transformation of M0 macrophages into M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions::Our study described CA19-9 production at single-cell resolution and the dynamics of the immune atlas in CA19-9-positive and CA19-9-negative PDAC. CA19-9 could promote M2 polarization of macrophage in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment.