Objective To compare the dosimetric characteristics of helical tomotherapy(HT)and step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for post-operative cervix cancer patients. Methods Ten patients with post-operative cervix cancer were enrolled in this study.HT and IMRT plans were developed for each patient.The dose distributions of the targets,organs at risk(OARs),CI and HI were analyzed and compared.The prescribed dose was 60 Gy/25 f for CTV1,50 Gy/25 f for CTV2.The iso-dose line of 50 Gy was used.Results The homogeneity indexes(HI)(0.94±0.03),conformity index(C1)(1.28±0.02)in HT group were better than in IMRT group(0.85±0.01 and 1.36±0.03),respectively(t=5.12,-6.34,P<0.001).The Dmean of PTV in HT group(51.77 Gy)was lower than that in IMRT group(54.53 Gy)(t=-8.01,P<0.05).The Dmax ,Dmean,V30,V40 and V50 of bladder、rectum and small bowel were lower in HT group than those in IM RT group.The Dmax,Dmean,V30 and V40 of right and left femoral head were lower in HT group than those in IMRT group.Conclusion Helical tomotherapy treatment plan has a better homogeneity,steeper dose gradient,and a better protection for organs at risk.

Objective To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of helical tomotherapy(HT),intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)and three.dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3D-CRT)for the post-operative breast cancer as well as their comparison in protecting the normal tissues.Methods The CT images of 10 postoperative patients with early stage breast cancer were transferRed into HT and IMRT and 3D- CRT planning system respectively after the target region and normal tissues were drawn out with the same doctor.Each prescribed dose for three kinds of plans was 50 Gy/25 fractions.Inrradiation doses and volume at heart and double lungs as well as conformity index(CI)and homogeneity index(HI)were evaluated.Results The PTV volume of prescribed target dose of 95% and 100%in HT, IMRT and 3D-CRT groups were 99.13%and 95.87%,97.80%and 94.05%,96.37%and 87.29%.respectively.The CI and HI in HT.IMRT and 3D-CRT groups were 0.80±0.10 and 1.09 ±0.03,0.65±0.07 and 1.14±0.02,0.40±0.08 and 1.17±0.04,respectively V5,V10 and V20 of the heart were the lowest at 3D-CRT than HT and lM RT.V5 of the diseased lung was the lowest at 3D-CRT compared to HT and IMRT.V5 and V10 of the healthy lung were the lowest at 3 D-CRT compared to other groups.Conclusions Compared with IMRT and 3D-CRT.HT technique in treating breast cancer had the best conformity index and homogeneity index as well as steeper dose gradient.Irradiated doses and volume at the heart was the lowest at 3D- CRT and the highest at IMRT.Irradiated doses and volume of the heart and healthy lung as well as the diseased lung were the lowest at 3D-CRT compared to HT and IMRT groups.

Objective To summarize the outcome of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) treated by helical tomotherapy in the Chinese PLA general hospital. Methods Between September 2007 and August 2010, 121 newly diagnosed NPC patients were treated by radiotherapy with Tomotherapy system, with ( n =90) or without ( n = 31) concurrent chemotherapy or molecular target therapy. The prescription dose was 70 - 74 Gy/33f to primary tumor and positive lymph node planning target volume,60. 0 - 62. 7 Gy/33f to high risk planning target volume, and 52 -56 Gy/33f to low risk planning target volume. Acute side-effects were evaluated with RTOG/EORTC criteria. Results The remission rate of primary lesion and positive lymph nodes was 95. 0％ and 99. 0％ , respectively. The follow-up rate was 100％ . The number of patients with 1 ,2 and 3 years followed-up were 99 , 49 , and 7. The 1-, 2-and 3-year local relapse-free survival rates were 97. 30％ , 97. 3％ and 97. 3％ , respectively. The 1-,2-and 3-year nodal relapse-free survival rates were 100％ , 100％ and lOO％, respectively. The 1-, 2-and 3-year distant metastasis-free survival rates were 98. 4％ , 96. 3％ and 96. 3％ , respectively. The 1-, 2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 96. 5％ ,92. 6％ and 86. 8％ , respectively. Acute toxicities of skin, oral mucosa and xerostomia with grade 0,1,2 and 3 were 5. 0％ , 74. 4％ , 15. 7％ and 4. 9％ ; 0. 8％ , 37. 2％ , 57. 9％ and 4. 1％ ; 3. 3％ , 53. 7％ ,43. 0％ and 0％ , respectively. Xerostomia restored with time, no grade 2 or more xerostomia was observed 1 year after radiation therapy. Concurrent chemotherapy significantly increased incidence of mucositis,esophagitis and tracheitis. Conclusion Helical tomotherapy is efficient, secure and effective modality for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(RBD)and neurofilament light chain(NfL)levels in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods:General clinical data of 121 PD patients and 38 healthy controls(HC)who visited the Department of Geriatric Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from June 2019 to January 2021 were collected in a prospective study.According to the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire(RBDSQ), PD patients were divided into a PD with RBD group(PD-RBD, RBDSQ≥6)and a PD without RBD group(PD-NRBD, RBDSQ<6). General clinical data and plasma NfL levels of patients in the groups were compared.In addition, symptoms during exercise, during non-exercise, and sleep quality in the groups were also compared.Results:Plasma NfL levels were higher in the PD group than in the HC group(19.39 ng/L, 12.58-31.78; 14.85 ng/L, 9.78-22.15; Z=-2.492, P<0.05); plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in the PD-RBD group than in the PD-NRBD group and in the HC group(25.29 ng/L, 19.09-34.75; 17.14 ng/L, 11.70-26.67; 14.85 ng/L, 9.78-22.15; Z=-3.434, P<0.01); there was no significant difference in plasma NfL levels between the HC group and the PD-NRBD group( P>0.05). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that, when the plasma NfL cutoff was set at 17.86 ng/L, PD-RBD and PD-NRBD could be distinguished( AUC=0.70, 95% CI=0.60-0.80, sensitivity 82%, specificity 54%). Binary logistic regression identified NfL level as an independent predictor of PD-RBD( β=0.068, OR=1.103, P=0.003). Conclusions:PD-RBD patients have increased plasma NfL levels, which can potentially serve as a biomarker for PD with RBD.

Objective:To observe the clinical features and visual prognostic factors of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy (EON).Methods:A cohort study. Twenty-four inpatients (46 eyes) identified as EON in Neuro-Ophthalmology Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled, including 14 males (26 eyes) and 10 females (20 eyes) with a ratio of 1.4/1 male/female. The average age was 42.79±15.12 years and the average weight was 62.46±12.31 kg. The average time duration between oral administration of ethambutol and occurrence of EON was 9.94±16.49 months. The average time of ethambutol duration was 7.06±11.68 months, with an average accumulative dose of 156.7±1 779.0 g and the average daily dose of 15.07±8.95 mg/(kg·d). All patients were tested with visual acuity, fundus photos, colour vision, OCT, visual field, VEP, orbital MRI and the gene of OPA1 and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid(mtDNA). All the patients accepted drug withdrawal immediately after diagnosis, and were given the treatment of systemic nerve nutrition and improvement of microcirculation for 2 weeks. The time of follow-up was more than 12 months. According to whether the visual acuity (VA) in any of eyes was over than 0.1 at the last follow- up, all the patients were divided into two groups: the bad VA group (VA less than or equal to 0.1) and the better VA group (VA over than 0.1) group. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact probabilistic method test were used to compare the counting data between groups, and the Wlincox rank sum test was used to compare the measurement data. Multiple factors of VA outcome between the patients with bad or better va were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:Thirty eyes (65.2%) had VA less than or equal to 0.1 and 5 eyes (10.9%) had VA over than 0.5 at EON onset. The VA of the rest 11 eyes (23.9%) was higher than 0.1 and lower than 0.5. At the last follow- up, 20 eyes (43.5%) had VA less than or equal to 0.1 and 9 eyes (19.6%) had VA over than 0.5, the VA of the rest 17 eyes (36.9%) was higher than 0.1 and lower than 0.5. Fundus examination revealed 7 eyes (15.3%) with optic disc edema. OCT revealed significant loss of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in the affected eyes, mainly in the temporal RNFL of the optic disc. All patients had dyschromasia, mainly in distinguishing the color of red and green. The types of visual field defect was as following: central dark spot (52.2%), diffuse visual acuity decreased (30.4%), temporal hemianopsia (17.4%). Orbital MRI revealed that 12/24 (50.0%) patients had T2 lesions with T1 enhancement in 6/24 patients (25.0%). Genetic test showed that 4 patients (16.7%) had gene mutation. Among them, there were 2 patients with OPA1 mutation, 1 with mtDNA 14340 point mutation and 1 with the mtDNA 11778 point mutation. Thirteen patients showed better VA outcomes (over than 0.1) while 11 showed bad VA outcomes after discontinuation of ethambutol. Between the better VA group and the bad VA group, there were statistically significant differences in the daily dose of ethambutol and gene mutation( P=0.031, 0.023). The daily dose was related to visual prognosis of EON while only the daily dose of more than 18 mg/(kg·d) may lead to bad VA outcomes according to the logistic analysis (95% CI 0.007-0.736, OR=0.069, P=0.027). Conclusions:EON may have OPA1 and mtDNA mutation with more bilateral eyes involved and less optic edema, which about 43.5% of the patients showed irreversible visual impact. The daily dose of ethambutol is related to the vision recovery.

Objective:This study investigated the changes of cortical thickness in patients with Parkinson's cognitive dysfunction.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, general clinical data and head magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from Parkinson's disease(PD)patients and healthy controls who were hospitalized or outpatient in the Department of Geriatric Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020.We observed the changes of cortical thickness in each group, and analyzed the correlation between cortical thickness and cognitive dysfunction in PD.Results:Compared with PD normal cognitive group, the cortical thickness of the left superiortemporal gyrus[(2.7±0.1)mm, (2.4±0.1)mm, t=-4.194], left supramarginal[(2.4±0.1)mm, (2.2±0.1)mm, t=-4.845], right insula[(3.0±0.1)mm, (2.7±0.1)mm, t=-4.170], left parahippocampal[(2.8±0.3)mm, (2.4±0.3)mm, t=-4.164]decreased in PD cognitive impairment group(all P<0.05), and cortical thickness of the right parsorbitalis[(2.5±0.2)mm, (2.4±0.2)mm, t=-4.226], left entorhinal[(3.5±0.3)mm, (3.1±0.4)mm, t=-4.583], left inferiortemporal[(2.7±0.2)mm, (2.5±0.1)mm, t=-6.229], left supramarginal[(2.4±0.1)mm, (2.1±0.1)mm, t=-3.236], right fusiform[(2.8±0.1)mm, (2.5±0.1)mm, t=-5.364], right lingual[(2.0±0.1)mm, (1.9±0.1)mm, t=-3.887], right insula[(3.0±0.1)mm, (2.7±0.2)mm, t=-5.326], right isthmuscingulate[(2.6±0.2)mm, (2.3±0.2)mm, t=-3.743]decreased in PD severe cognitive impairment group, the statistical difference was significant(all P<0.05). The cerebral cortex thickness was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and different cognitive areas, and negatively correlated with Hoehn-Yahrr grading. Conclusions:Local cortical thinning was observed in PD patients with cognitive impairment, whereas cortical involvement was more extensive in PD patients with severe cognitive impairment.

Herpes zoster of trigeminal nerve was a common skin disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection.Simple involvement of the third branch of trigeminal nerve was rare,and so were oral complica-tions such as pulpitis,periodontitis,spontaneous tooth loss,bone necrosis,etc.This article presented a case of herpes zoster on the third branch of the left trigeminal nerve complicated with left mandibular osteonecrosis.We reported the case of a 64-year-old man with sudden pain in the left half of the tongue 1 month ago,and then herpes on the left facial skin appeared following with acute pain.The local hospital diagnosed it as herpes zoster and treated it with external medication.A few days later,he developed gum pain in the left mandibular posterior tooth area.He was admitted to Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology one week ago with loose and dislodged left posterior tooth accompanied by left mandibular bone surface exposure.Clinical examination showed bilateral symmetry and no obvious restriction of mouth opening.Visible herpes zoster pigmentation and scarring on the left side of the face appeared.The left mandibular posterior tooth was missing,the exposed bone surface was about 1.5 cm x0.8 cm,and the surrounding gingiva was red and swollen,painful under pressure,with no discharge of pus.The re-maining teeth in the mouth were all m degree loosened.Imageological examination showed irregular low-density destruction of the left mandible bone,unclear boundary,and severe resorption of alveolar bone.The patient was diagnosed as left mandibular osteonecrosis.Under general anesthesia,left mandibular le-sion exploration and curettage+left mandibular partial resection+adjacent flap transfer repair were performed.The patient was re-exmained 6 months after surgery,there was no redness,swelling or other abnormality in the gums and the herpes pigmentation on the left face was significantly reduced.Unfortu-nately,the patient had complications of postherpetic neuralgia.This case indicate that clinicians should improve their awareness of jaw necrosis,a serious oral complication of trigeminal zoster,and provide ear-ly treatment.After the inflammation was initially controlled,surgical treatment could be considered to remove the necrotic bone,curettage the inflammatory granulation tissue,and extraction of the focal teeth to avoid further deterioration of the disease.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 282 acute NAION patients (282 eyes) were recruited from 16 hospitals in China from July 2020 to May 2021.Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, which were control group (124 cases, 124 eyes) receiving regular treatment including citicoline sodium plus Ginkgo biloba leaf liquid extract or Ginkgo biloba leaf extract tablets plus mecobalamin, and experimental group (158 cases, 158 eyes) receiving treatment in control group plus oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets 1 mg, twice daily for 2 to 3 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after enrollment using the standard decimal visual acuity chart, 750i Humphery visual field analyzer, Cirrus HD-OCT 4000/Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, RTVue-XR optical coherence tomography respectively.The primary outcomes were BCVA and VFI, and the secondary outcomes were pRNFL, RPC, and the side effects during the follow-up.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All patients were fully informed about the treatment and purpose of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.S2020-021-01). Results:In all, 242 patients (242 eyes) completed the follow-up of BCVA, and 98 patients (98 eyes) completed the VFI follow-up.In terms of visual function, BCVA and VFI improved significantly over time in the two groups, and BCVA and VFI were better in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). In terms of structure, pRNFL gradually decreased in both groups with the extension of treatment, and pRNFL was significanthy thinner in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RPC between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were two cases with side effects and one case was discontinued due to side effects 25 days after enrollment. Conclusions:Oral anisodine hydrobromide can improve visual acuity and visual field in NAION and accelerate the regression of optic disc edema, with good safety.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are attracting increasing interest for potential biomedical applications. With tailored mesoporous structure, huge surface area and pore volume, selective surface functionality, as well as morphology control, MSNs exhibit high loading capacity for therapeutic agents and controlled release properties if modified with stimuli-responsive groups, polymers or proteins. In this review article, the applications of MSNs in pharmaceutics to improve drug bioavailability, reduce drug toxicity, and deliver with cellular targetability are summarized. Particularly, the exciting progress in the development of MSNs-based effective delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs, anticancer agents, and therapeutic genes are highlighted.

Malignant tumor has become an urgent threat to global public healthcare. Because of the heterogeneity of tumor, single therapy presents great limitations while synergistic therapy is arousing much attention, which shows desperate need of intelligent carrier for co-delivery. A core‒shell dual metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) system was delicately designed in this study, which not only possessed the unique properties of both materials, but also provided two individual specific functional zones for co-drug delivery. Photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) were stepwisely encapsulated into the nanopores of MIL-88 core and ZIF-8 shell to construct a synergistic photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy nanoplatform. Except for efficient drug delivery, the MIL-88 could be functioned as a nanomotor to convert the excessive hydrogen peroxide at tumor microenvironment into adequate oxygen for photodynamic therapy. The DOX release from MIL-88-ICG@ZIF-8-DOX nanoparticles was triggered at tumor acidic microenvironment and further accelerated by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The