Objective:To analyze the predilection of metastasis at levels Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴfor oral and maxillary squamous cell carcinoma on different primary sites .Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the records of 1 233 patients ( 1 340 necks ) from January 2000 to December 2011 with squamous cell carcinoma simultaneously underwent primary tumor resection and neck dissection in De -partment of Oral and Maxillary Surgery , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology .The to-pography of positive neck node was recorded , and the calculation was performed for the metastasis rate of levels Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴbased on the primary site , respectively .Results:There were 557 necks with positive node (41.57%), and the metastasis rate for level Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ were 27.61%, 22.91%, 9.18%, 4.99%, 3.24%, respectively.Those in level Ⅲ were at high risk for metastasis from carcinoma of tongue and the floor of mouth .The positive rate in level Ⅱwas more than that in levelⅠfor tongue carcinoma , but for inferior gingiva carcinoma , bucca carcinoma , upper gingiva carcinoma , palatine carcinoma , maxillary sinuse carcinoma , intraosseous carcinoma of mandibular , the positive node was more likely to happen at level Ⅰcompared with level Ⅱ.Conclusion: Most metastases happen in levels Ⅰ-Ⅲfor patients with oral and maxillary squamous cell carcinoma , but the predilection of metas-tasis in level Ⅰ,ⅡorⅢis varied with the primary sites .

Objective:To investigate the Level Ⅳ metastasis risk factor of oral cancer patient's ipsilateral neck. Methods:The medical records of 624 cases (644 sides of the neck) that underwent neck dissection at the time of primary surgery for oral carcinoma were included. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the factors associated with LevelⅣmetas-tasis. Results:Out of 334 cases (345 neck sides) with positive lymph nodes, only 35 sides (5.43%, 35/644) showed LevelⅢinvolve-ment and only 4 sides (0.62%, 4/644) developed skip metastasis (LevelⅢ). The metastatic rate of LevelⅣwas 1.31%(4/303) for pN-LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks and 9.14%(31/341) for pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks. Using Chi-square test, pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲlymph node metastases were associated with the LevelⅣnodal metastases. For necks with pN+LevelⅢ, with three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, and with positive lymph node≥3 among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, the LevelⅣmetastasis rates were 22.47%(20/89), 28.57%(10/35), and 14.60%(20/137), respectively. Furthermore, logistic regression was applied to identify the relationship between the metastasis situation of the afore-mentioned three Levels and LevelⅣ. Three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ(pN+LevelⅠ+pN+LevelⅡ+pN+LevelⅢ) were confirmed to correlate with the presence of the positive lymph nodes in LevelⅣ. Conclusion:In oral cancer patients, LevelsⅠ-Ⅲmetastaces will increase the risk of LevelⅣmetastasis.

The dynamic level of immunosuppressants such as alpha-fetoprotein(α-FP), gestation associated protein, progesterone, estradiol, chorionic gonadotropin, etc. of peripheral sera and the regulatory mechanism of cellular immunity in the peripartum stages in sows were determined by advanced radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunochemistry methods in this study. The effects on lymphocyte cultivated in vitro by the immunosuppressants mentioned above were tested by cell culture technology, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) α-FP: The level of α-FP of peripheral sera in the stage of ante-parturition was slightly higher than that of post-parturition in sows, but it didn't show statistical difference. The concentration of α-FP of peripheral sera in conceptus sows had no obvious effect on lymphocyte cultivated in vitro, and it indicated that α-FP was not the major immunosuppressant in the pregnancy of sows. However, the α-FP, whose concentration was equal to that of amniotic fluid, had obvious inhibition on lymphocyte cultivated in vitro. (2) Gestation associated protein: The level of gestation associated protein was maintained highly (100-162 mg/L) in peripheral sera and amniotic fluid in the stage of ante-parturition in sows, then descended gradually after parturition and disappeared step by step 5-10 d after parturition. The gestation associated protein, whose concentration were equal to that of peripheral sera and amniotic fluid, were added to lymphocyte culture in vitro, and the effect on lymphocyte activity was not observed yet. This showed that gestation associated protein was not the major immunosuppressant in the peripartum stage in sows. (3) Estradiol and progesterone: Estradiol or progesterone at the level of sera in pregnant sows, could lower the rate of lymphocyte transformation and the level of cellular immunity. (4) Chorionic gonadotropin: The level of chorionic gonadotropin of peripheral sera in the stage of ante-parturition was slightly higher than that of post-parturition in sows, but it didn't have statistical difference. The chorionic gonadotropin, whose concentration was equal to that of sera, was not yet observed obvious effect on lymphocyte cultivated in vitro. (5) Added the five above-mentioned immunosuppressants to lymphocyte culture in vitro, whose concentration were equal to those of sera in pregnant sows, they could drop the rate of lymphocyte resette formation and lymphocyte transformation, lower the level of cellular immunity and reduce the concentration of IL-2 which synthesized and secreted by lymphocyte in culture remarkably. Their inhibitory intensity of cellular immunity was evidently higher than that of any single immunosuppressant.

Objective To evaluate the effect of methylene blue and visible light by FQ-PCR assay on the inactivation of plasma hepatitis B virus,and to establish a direct and impersonal basis for the surveillance of cural inactivation.Methods Four samples of plasma of HBV-DNA positive were added with methylene blue. Then the plasma was processed with visible light radiation(30 000 Lux) for 0, 5, 10, 15,30 min respectively. Moreover,the concentration of HBV-DNA samples was quantitatively detected by the method of FQ-PCR and compared with untreated samples to evaluate the effect of HBV inactivation and its relationship with the time of radiation.Results The original concentration of HBV-DNA was 5.6?107, 3.2?106, 1.8?106,3.5?105 copies/ml respectively. After being added with methyene blue, the concentration of HBV-DNA was significantly decreased(P

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Piezosurgery in split teeth extractions.Methods:A single-center,randomized,split-mouth study was performed using a consecutive serious of unrelated healthy patients attending the departing of oral and maxillofacial surgery,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.40 patients were selected for extraction of maxillary molars without reservation value,splitting or nonvital teeth.They were divided into control (20 patients)and test groups (20 pa-tients)randomly.Surgical treatments for both groups were under local anesthesia.Molar teeth of control group were extracted by common equipments like dental elevators,chisels,forceps,etc.While molar teeth of experimental group were extracted by Piezosurgery,aided with the use of common equipments if needed.Then we compared the duration of surgery,frequency of the usage of chisels,expansion of post-operative bony socket surgical discomfort and postoperative pain between two groups.Results:The ave-rage of operation time was (629.5 ±171.0)s in control group and (456.0 ±337.2)s in test group.The buccal alveolar bone reduced (1.07 ±0.64)mm in control group and (1.49 ±0.61)mm in test group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05).The duration of surgery for experi-mental group was significantly longer than that of the control group,but the change of buccal alveolar bone was lower than the control group.For visual analogue scale (VAS)value of surgical discomfort,ex-pansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference be-tween the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion:Piezosugery can be better to preserve alveolar bone,re-duce trauma and patient’s fear.Application of the piezosugery reflect the characteristics of minimally in-vasive extraction,which has the value of promotion.The Piezosurgery technique have the advantage of re-ducing change of buccal alveolar bone during the surgery,but a longer surgical time was required when compared with the conventional technique.VAS value of surgical discomfort,expansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference.Minimally invasive tooth ex-traction technique has good clinical results and high satisfaction.Piezosurgery proved its worth as the in-strument adapted to limiting the destruction of bone tissue.

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to detect the expression levels of ffh gene in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) UA159 under different pH conditions, analyze the effect of pH on the expression of ffh gene in S. mutans, and identify the factors regulating the ffh gene expression.

METHODSSamples of S. mutans were collected at different growth stages (4 h, 18 h) and pH values (pH 4.0-7.0). Fluorescence quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the relative mRNA expression and trend of the target gene ffh in S. mutans at different growth stages and pH values.

RESULTSqRT-PCR results showed that the ffh gene expression decreased along with pH at 4 h, but the expression increased with decreasing pH at 18 h. Under the same pH conditions, the ffh gene expression was significantly different between 4 h and 18 h (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGrowth stage and pH value influenced the ffh gene expression in S. mutans.

Objective: To evaluate the targeting activity in the animal model with human hepatoma, the 131I-human antiHBsAg Fab radioimmunoimaging was explored. Methods: Radioimmunoimagings were taken on different intervals after injection of 131 I-human anti-HBsAg Fab to the nude mice and tissue distribution was measured. The human anti-HBsAg Fab was compared with the murine monoclonal antibodies. Results: The experimental group developed tumor positive images after 3 days of radio-labeled monoclonal antibodies injection, and the peak accumulation of radio-activity on the 5th day.Statistics indicated the tumor/liver ratio of the human anti-HBsAg Fab, murine monoclonal antibodies and the control groups were 5.4,4.0 and 0.9 respectively on the 7th day. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the 131 I-human anti-HB-sAg Fab has a considerable targeting activity, and provide an evidence that it can be used as a novel humanized carrer for targeting therapy of hepatoma.

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT)-loaded cubic crystal liquid embolic precursor solution, and evaluate its in vitro embolic efficiency. Phytantriol was used as cubic crystal liquid embolic material, and the optimal formulation was selected according to ternary phase diagram. Polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize the cubic crystal structure. High performance liquid chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to investigate the lactone ring of HCPT. In vitro dissolution was preliminary evaluated, and the simulation embolic model was constructed to evaluate the embolic efficiency of precursor solution. Meanwhile, the gelation time and adhesion force were investigated. The results showed that HCPT-loaded precursor solution for embolization had been successfully prepared with low viscosity which was injectable. The precursor solution could transform into Pn3m structure liquid crystal phase gel rapidly when contracting with excess water. The formed HPCT gel remained its lactone form as the same in precursor solution, and expressed the good ability to block the saline flow, and HCPT could keep sustained releasing drug over 30 days. The prepared drug-loaded embolic precursor solution showed a promising potential for vascular embolization and application in clinical treatment of tumor.

Objective To explore the correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and pathological grading and staging of cervical carcinoma.Methods Among 311 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma,87 patients were met the criteria for inclusion.All the patients were performed routine MR and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) with b=1 000 s/mm2 before treatments,and recorded the pathological grading and staging.The ADC values of the lesions were measured on GE AW4.5 workstation,and were compared among the groups with different pathological grading and staging by using LSD and paired t-test.Results The mean ADC value was (0.77±0.079)×10-3 mm2/s in the poorly-differentiated group,(0.88±0.10)×10-3 mm2/s in the moderately-differentiated group,and (1.05±0.084)×10-3 mm2/s in the well-differentiated group.There were significant differences among the different groups (P<0.05).The mean ADC value was (0.84±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s in the stage Ⅰb group, and (0.78±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s in the stage Ⅱa group.The difference was not statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion The increasing of the ADC values is correlated with the high levels of tumor cell differentiation, and not correlated with the pathological stages in cervical carcinoma.