Objective: To study what are needed during the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into cultured human osteoblasts.Methods: Mid-logarithmic growing Staphylococcus aureus 6571 was prepared. Human osteoblasts were cultured from bone explants. Chloramphenicol, rifampicin, novobiocin, cycloheximide, and monodansylcadaverine were used as inhibitors of either bacteria or cells to study their roles in the invasion of Staphylococcus aureus into osteoblasts. Results: Chloramphenicol, rifampicin, novobiocin, and monodansylcadaverine decreased the invasive ability of the bacteria; while cycloheximide increased the ability.Conclusion: De novo protein as well as RNA-and DNA-synthesis by the bacteria is necessary for invasion. The inhibition of osteoblast protein synthesis increases the uptake of the bacteria.

Objective:To compare the effect of intraoral and extraoral approach for the sugical treatment of mandibular cysts in the angle and ramus. Methods:Cysts in the mandibular angle and ramus were treated by intraoral approach in 57 cases and extraoral in 18 cases. The following data were collected: operation time, peroperative blood loss, postoperative infection, mouth opening, recurrence rate, injury of the submandibular branch of the facial nerve and sensory function of the inferior alveolar nerve. The data of the two groups were compared statistically. Results:Average operation time (min) of intraoral and extraoral appoarch was 84.65?5.16 and 122.78?10.84(P0.05). Conclusion:Intraoral approach is effective in the treatment of cyst in mandibular angle and ramus.

Objective:To analyze the predilection of metastasis at levels Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ,Ⅴfor oral and maxillary squamous cell carcinoma on different primary sites .Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the records of 1 233 patients ( 1 340 necks ) from January 2000 to December 2011 with squamous cell carcinoma simultaneously underwent primary tumor resection and neck dissection in De -partment of Oral and Maxillary Surgery , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology .The to-pography of positive neck node was recorded , and the calculation was performed for the metastasis rate of levels Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴbased on the primary site , respectively .Results:There were 557 necks with positive node (41.57%), and the metastasis rate for level Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ were 27.61%, 22.91%, 9.18%, 4.99%, 3.24%, respectively.Those in level Ⅲ were at high risk for metastasis from carcinoma of tongue and the floor of mouth .The positive rate in level Ⅱwas more than that in levelⅠfor tongue carcinoma , but for inferior gingiva carcinoma , bucca carcinoma , upper gingiva carcinoma , palatine carcinoma , maxillary sinuse carcinoma , intraosseous carcinoma of mandibular , the positive node was more likely to happen at level Ⅰcompared with level Ⅱ.Conclusion: Most metastases happen in levels Ⅰ-Ⅲfor patients with oral and maxillary squamous cell carcinoma , but the predilection of metas-tasis in level Ⅰ,ⅡorⅢis varied with the primary sites .

Objective:To investigate the Level Ⅳ metastasis risk factor of oral cancer patient's ipsilateral neck. Methods:The medical records of 624 cases (644 sides of the neck) that underwent neck dissection at the time of primary surgery for oral carcinoma were included. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the factors associated with LevelⅣmetas-tasis. Results:Out of 334 cases (345 neck sides) with positive lymph nodes, only 35 sides (5.43%, 35/644) showed LevelⅢinvolve-ment and only 4 sides (0.62%, 4/644) developed skip metastasis (LevelⅢ). The metastatic rate of LevelⅣwas 1.31%(4/303) for pN-LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks and 9.14%(31/341) for pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲnecks. Using Chi-square test, pN+LevelsⅠ-Ⅲlymph node metastases were associated with the LevelⅣnodal metastases. For necks with pN+LevelⅢ, with three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, and with positive lymph node≥3 among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ, the LevelⅣmetastasis rates were 22.47%(20/89), 28.57%(10/35), and 14.60%(20/137), respectively. Furthermore, logistic regression was applied to identify the relationship between the metastasis situation of the afore-mentioned three Levels and LevelⅣ. Three positive Levels among LevelsⅠ-Ⅲ(pN+LevelⅠ+pN+LevelⅡ+pN+LevelⅢ) were confirmed to correlate with the presence of the positive lymph nodes in LevelⅣ. Conclusion:In oral cancer patients, LevelsⅠ-Ⅲmetastaces will increase the risk of LevelⅣmetastasis.

Humans ; Mouth ; surgery ; Pharynx ; surgery ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery

Subjective: To observe apoptosis of the cells in oral sq uamous cell carcinoma(SCC) induced by cerulenin. Methods: SCC TCA-83 cells and fresh tissue of SCC of tongue from 5 patients were expos ed to cerulenin (10 mg/ml) for 24 hours, then the genosome DNA of the cells was extracted and electrophoresed; the fresh tissue of SCC was assessed by TUNEL labeling. Results: DNA gel electrophoresis showed typical apoptic DNA ladders from TCA-83 cells. The rate (%) of TUNEL-positive cells in cerulenin treated tissue of SCC was 29.0?2.6～40.6?16.2,that in the control 2 . 0?1.7～14.7?0.6 (P

Objective:To establish a method of morphologic measurement of the mandibles and obtain the average values of three dimensional morphologic measurements of the mandibles .Methods: A me-thod of morphologic measurement of the mandibles was established firstly .The three dimensional CT data of 54 normal adult skulls were measured by this method .The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Results:In the study, 84 groups of mean values and standard deviations of the length , width, height, depth, thickness and angle of the mandibular contour in males and females were obtained .There were significant differences between the male and the female in the 66 of the 84 groups data , while the 16 of the 84 groups data had no significant differences and distributed symmetry on both sides of the mandi -bles .No correlation was found in the mandibular contour data in length , width , height and depth .Con-clusion:The characteristics of adult mandibular contours are different between males and females , indi-cating that each individual has its own morphologic features .

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Piezosurgery in split teeth extractions.Methods:A single-center,randomized,split-mouth study was performed using a consecutive serious of unrelated healthy patients attending the departing of oral and maxillofacial surgery,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.40 patients were selected for extraction of maxillary molars without reservation value,splitting or nonvital teeth.They were divided into control (20 patients)and test groups (20 pa-tients)randomly.Surgical treatments for both groups were under local anesthesia.Molar teeth of control group were extracted by common equipments like dental elevators,chisels,forceps,etc.While molar teeth of experimental group were extracted by Piezosurgery,aided with the use of common equipments if needed.Then we compared the duration of surgery,frequency of the usage of chisels,expansion of post-operative bony socket surgical discomfort and postoperative pain between two groups.Results:The ave-rage of operation time was (629.5 ±171.0)s in control group and (456.0 ±337.2)s in test group.The buccal alveolar bone reduced (1.07 ±0.64)mm in control group and (1.49 ±0.61)mm in test group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05).The duration of surgery for experi-mental group was significantly longer than that of the control group,but the change of buccal alveolar bone was lower than the control group.For visual analogue scale (VAS)value of surgical discomfort,ex-pansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference be-tween the two groups (P >0.05).Conclusion:Piezosugery can be better to preserve alveolar bone,re-duce trauma and patient’s fear.Application of the piezosugery reflect the characteristics of minimally in-vasive extraction,which has the value of promotion.The Piezosurgery technique have the advantage of re-ducing change of buccal alveolar bone during the surgery,but a longer surgical time was required when compared with the conventional technique.VAS value of surgical discomfort,expansion of postoperative bony socket and the operative fear rate,there were no significant difference.Minimally invasive tooth ex-traction technique has good clinical results and high satisfaction.Piezosurgery proved its worth as the in-strument adapted to limiting the destruction of bone tissue.

Objective:To understand the clinical features of osteonecrosis of the jaw after bisphospho-nates use for therapy of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.Methods:The cases diagnosed as bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ)were retrospectively analyzed from January 201 1 to August 201 5 in the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,and those breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were selected.The clinical symptoms,imaging characteristics and treatment results were summarized.Results:A total of 1 4 cases of breast cancer patients with bone me-tastasis were selected,with an average age of 60.21 years.The average time of suffering from breast cancer was 9 .77 years,and the average time of bone metastasis and bisphosphonates drugs use was 5 .67 and 3 .29 years individually.There was no patient with systemic application history of hormone therapy, and no history of diabetes.There were 9 patients with tooth extractions history,and the mean time of bone necrosis symptoms was 8.58 months.There were 1 0 cases with bone necrosis occurring on mandi-ble,3 cases on maxilla,and one case with both upper and lower jaws involved.Among the 1 0 patients with surgical treatment,there were 3 cases cured,and 6 cases improved.However,the clinical symp-toms of 2 cases with conservative treatment were significantly aggravated.Conclusion:The medication time between the bisphosphonates use beginning and the occurrence of BRONJ is relatively long.The his-tory of diabetes and long-time hormone use did not exist in this group.Tooth extraction itself does not de-termine the severity of BRONJ.Mandible is the most common site involved by BRONJ.Surgical treatment can alleviate the clinical symptoms of BRONJ with breast cancer to some extent.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of dose verification of intensity modulated (IM) planning of helical tomotherapy (HT) using two-dimensional ion chamber array (2DICA),and develop an efficient way to validate the dose delivered under the parameters mirroring those during the treatment. Meth-ods A 2DICA,I'mRT MatriXX and MULTICube equivalent solid water phantom from IBA company were used to verify the dose distribution of 10 IM planning. The combined phantom was set up to measure the dose distributions on coronal and sagittal surface. The precise setup of phantom was guided by HTMVCT images. After the irradiation, the measured dose distributions on the coronal and sngittal plane were compared with those calculated by the IM planning system for verification. The results were evaluated and the feasibility of the different measuring methods was studied. Results The dose distribution measured by the MatriXX 2DICA was well consistent with that calculated by the treatment planning system. The errors between the measured dose and predicted dose in the selected points were within ±3%. In the comparison of the pixel-segmented ionization chamber versus treatment planning system using the 3 mm/3% γ criteria, the passing ratio of pixels with γ parameter ≤1 was 97.76% and 96.83%, respectively. Conclusions MatriXX is a-ble to measure the absolute and relative dose distributions simultaneously,which can be used for dose verifi-cation of IM planning.