AlM:To analyze and compare the effect of femtosecond laser micro - incision corneal stromal lens excision ( SMlLE) and excimer laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK) in the treatment of myopia after operation, to explore the safety, operability and prediction of SMlLE.METHODS:ln this prospective clinical controlled study, 100 cases ( 200 eyes ) received SMlLE and 100 cases ( 200 eyes) undergone LASl in our hospital in the same period were selected. Uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure and corneal anterior segment OCT, corneal topography (Obscan ll) of two groups in 1d, 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a were compared. lndependent samples t test was used for data analysis.RESULTS:1) Postoperative slit lamp examination:after 1d in SMlLE group, there were less eyes had corneal layer between mild cloudy or edema; postoperative 1wk corneal layer disappeared, cornea became clear and transparent. 2 ) Postoperative vision recovery: 1d after operation, vision recovery in LASlK group was better than that in SMlLE group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 01), there were no significant differences at 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo, 1a after operation ( P>0. 05 ). 3 ) Obscan ll examination: graphics in the SMlLE group was more regular and placed in the center, no eccentric and irregular graphics, better than that in the LASlK group. 4) Anterior segment OCT examination:postoperative corneal flap in the SMlLE group was more uniform and accurate, but it was thin in the center and slightly thick the peripheral part in the LASlK groups. 5 ) Postoperative visual quality assessment used subjective questionnaire survey. The two groups had statistically significant difference on 4 points and 1 points (P<0. 05). Complains in the LASlK groups were more that that in the SMlLE group. While, no complain of the SMlLE group was higher than that of the LASlK group. Glare of postoperative patients with night vision and dark environment in the SMlLE group was better than that of the LASlK group.CONCLUSlON: SMlLE is safe, effective, stable and predictable for the correction of myopia.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of liver and lung injury in mouse septic models.Methods:Twenty-four male Kunming mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)or sham operation.The permeability of microvasculature,water contents,activities of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and the apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells in lung microvasculature and liver sinus were examined 3 h and 12 h after operation.Results:Both the liver and lung showed a significant increase in microvessel permeability at 12 h in CLP group compared with sham operation group.MPO activity and water content in CLP group were obviously higher than those in the sham operation group.The apoptosis of lung microvascular endothelial cells at 12 h in CLP group(5.03?0.92)% was significantly higher than that of control group(3.48?1.21)%(P

This study was to investigate the permeability and absorbability of capsaicin cubosome across abdominal skin of the SD rats in vitro. Diffusion of capsaicin cubosome and cream was performed with the modified Franz diffusion cell technique. The capsaicin cubosome showed no enhancement of skin permeation within 24 hours. However, the deposition amounts of capsaicin in the rat skin in the cubosome group was markedly higher than those in the commercial cream group (P < 0.01). Cubosome showed excellent characetristic of skin-targed which could be a good carrier for the local transdermal drug delivery system.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Male ; Particle Size ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption

OBJECTIVETo determine the expression of Skp2 in different prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and tissues, and explore its influence on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway and development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

METHODSThe expression levels of Skp2 and AR in different PCa cell lines were detected by Western blot. After knockdown of Skp2 in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells transfected with shRNA, the expressions of AR and P27 were determined and the activity of ARR3-Luc measured by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay following treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The expressions of AR and Skp2 in human naïve PCa or CRPC specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining followed by analysis of their differences and correlation.

RESULTSThe Skp2 protein expression level was significantly higher in the C4-2 or 22RV1 cells than in the LNCaP cells. DHT treatment increased the expression of Skp2 in the C4-2 cells, but knock-down of Skp2 significantly up-regulated the expression of the well-known downstream protein P27 and down-regulated that of AR. Consistently, DHT treatment increased the activity of ARR3-Luc, while knockdown of Skp2 remarkably decreased it in the C4-2 and 22RV1 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, significantly higher expressions of Skp2 and AR were observed in the CRPC than in the naïve specimens (P < 0.05), with a positive correlation between the two proteins (r = 0.658 1, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSkp2 can enhance the expression and transcription activity of the AR protein in CRPC cells or tissues and is promising to be a critical molecular therapeutic target.

Androgens ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dihydrotestosterone ; pharmacology ; Disease Progression ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; metabolism ; S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

This article aimed to study the antigenicity of nucleocapsid proteins (NPs) in six pathogenic phleboviruses and to provide theoretical evidence for the development of serological diagnostic reagents. NPs of six pathogenic phleboviruses were expressed and purified using a prokaryotic expression system and rabbits were immunized with individual recombinant NPs. Cross-reactions among NPs and rabbit sera were determined by both indirect ELISA and Western blotting analyses, and the sera titer was determined by indirect ELISA. Furthermore, sera from SFTS patients were also detected by each recombinant NP as a coating antigen using indirect ELISA. The cross-reactions and the sera titer were subsequently determined. Both the concentration and purity of recombinant NPs of six pathogenic phleboviruses met the standards for immunization and detection. The results of indirect ELISA and Western blotting showed that each anti-phlebovirus NP rabbit immune serum had potential serological cross-reactivity with the other five virus NP antigens. Furthermore, the sera from SFTS patients also had cross-reactivity with the other five NP antigens to a certain extent. Our preliminary study evaluated the antigenicity and immune reactivity of six pathogenic phleboviruses NPs and laid the foundation for the development of diagnostic reagents.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Humans ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Phlebotomus Fever ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Phlebovirus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Rabbits

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT)-loaded cubic crystal liquid embolic precursor solution, and evaluate its in vitro embolic efficiency. Phytantriol was used as cubic crystal liquid embolic material, and the optimal formulation was selected according to ternary phase diagram. Polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize the cubic crystal structure. High performance liquid chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to investigate the lactone ring of HCPT. In vitro dissolution was preliminary evaluated, and the simulation embolic model was constructed to evaluate the embolic efficiency of precursor solution. Meanwhile, the gelation time and adhesion force were investigated. The results showed that HCPT-loaded precursor solution for embolization had been successfully prepared with low viscosity which was injectable. The precursor solution could transform into Pn3m structure liquid crystal phase gel rapidly when contracting with excess water. The formed HPCT gel remained its lactone form as the same in precursor solution, and expressed the good ability to block the saline flow, and HCPT could keep sustained releasing drug over 30 days. The prepared drug-loaded embolic precursor solution showed a promising potential for vascular embolization and application in clinical treatment of tumor.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Fatty Alcohols ; chemistry ; Liquid Crystals ; Scattering, Small Angle ; Water ; X-Ray Diffraction

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.
Adsorption ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Porosity ; Powder Diffraction ; Powders ; Silicon Dioxide ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

During the past 70 years since the founding of New China, Chinese public health especially the prevention and control of infectious diseases have made remarkable achievements, which benefited from the vaccination. This study is to summarize the progress of immunization and vaccines, the achievements and contributions of vaccines including polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine, measles vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine to the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China in the past 70 years and to review the research and development of innovative vaccines in China in recent years, which may provide clues for the development of the expanded programe on immunization in China in the future.

Objective To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine on liver and kidney function in patients undergoing spinal surgery.Methods Sixty patients (31 males and 29 females,aged 49-78 years)of BMI 19-30 kg/m2and ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ who underwent surgery for posterior lum-bar interbodyfusion under general anesthesia from December 2016 to May 2017 in our hospital were selected as the research object.Patients were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D)and control group (group C)(n=30 each).In group D,DEX was infused over 10 min with the loading dose 0.5-1.0 μg/kg and followed by 0.2-0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1as a maintenance dose.Group C received the same volume of saline.The blood samples were obtained from the patient at 30 min be-fore anesthesia induction (T0),the end of the operation (T1)and 2 days after operation (T2)for re-cording monitoring index and determination of the levels of plasma CysC,Cr,UREA,ALT and AST.The dosages of remifentanil and propofol,hospital stay and the adverse reactions after the sur-gery (such as postoperative hypotension or cardio-cerebral vascular events)were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with T0,the levels of ALT,AST,Cr and UREA in the two groups were significantly reduced at T1(P<0.05),the levels of ALT,UREA of two groups and the levels of AST of group D were significantly reduced at T2(P<0.05).The levels of ALT,AST,U-REA at T1,T2and the levels of Cr at T1in group D were significantly lower than group C (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the urine volume of group D increased significantly (P<0.05),and there was a significant decrease in the dosage of remifentanil and propofol in group D (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions and hospitalization time be-tween the two groups.Conclusion Spinal surgery patients during general anesthesia using dexme-detomidine,significantly reduce the amount of intraoperative anesthetic,protect liver and kidney function and increase the safety during anesthesia.

Objective: To know the pre-treatment drug resistance ( PDR ) status of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infected individuals in Wenzhou, so as to provide guidance for antiretroviral therapy ( ART ). Methods: Totally 232 plasma samples of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals who had not received ART were collected in Wenzhou in 2019. Virus ( HIV-1 ) RNA was extracted, followed by reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR to amplify the pol region and sequence. Resistance mutations and resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs ), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) and protease inhibitors ( PIs ) was analyzed. Results: The pol region sequences from 199 infected patients were obtained and the incidence of PDR was 8.04% ( 16/199 ). Eight genotypes were detected, including circulating recombinant forms ( CRFs ) CRF07_BC ( 47.24%, 94/199 ) and CRF01_AE ( 29.15%, 58/199 ) which were the dominant types. Two unique recombinant forms ( URFs ) were detected, namely URF( CRF01_AE/BC ) and URF( B/C ) . Thirty-one cases ( 15.58% 31/199 ) had drug-resistant mutations. For NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs, 20 cases ( 64.52% ) , 2 cases ( 6.45% ) and 9 cases ( 29.03% ) with drug resistance mutations were detected, respectively. The resistance mutations to NNRTIs included K101E, K103N/R, V106I, E138K, V179D/E/T, Y181C, G190A and H221Y. Four cases each had two resistance mutations to NNRTIs. The resistance mutations to NRTIs were V75M and M184V. The resistance mutations to PIs were M46I, L33F and Q58E. For the newly released NNRTI drug Doravirine ( DOR ), two cases were found to have mutations of resistance. Conclusions The incidence of PDR among newly reported HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou is 8.04%, mainly caused by NNRTIs drug-resistant mutation. Resistance to the new drug DOR has emerged. The surveillance of drug resistance should continue to be strengthened.