Objective To evaluate the significance of ST/TP relative value in electrocardiogram in diagnosis of hypocalcemia.Methods ST/TP relative value in electrocardiogram in 61 children with hypocalcemia and 31 normal children were detected by NIHOH KOHDEN CardiofaxQ ECG-9130P electrocardiogram machine designed by Japanese futian company.Calcium ion was checked out by clinic electrolyte equipment.Results There was significant difference of ST/TP relative value between patients with hypocalcemia and normal children(P

Objective To observe the effect of agmatine (AGM) on inflammatory factor in Kupffer cells of liver,and to investigate the protective effects of AGM on severe trauma-induced liver injury in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Forty-two adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham group,model group,and AGM treatment group,with 14 mice in each group.The mice model of trauma-hemorrhage was reproduced by hindlimbs fracture combined with 35％ of orbital bleeding.The mice in the sham group were only anesthetized without other treatments.The mice in AGM treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg AGM when limited recovery was performed,and the mice in model group were given the equal amount of normal saline.Seven mice in each group were sacrificed at 12 hours and 24 hours,respectively,after modeling,and blood samples and liver tissue were harvested,and liver Kupffer cells were isolated.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST)and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.Hepatic pathological changes were observed with light microscope using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-o) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum,hepatic homogenate and Kupffer cell supernatant were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the Kupffer cell were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitation reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results ① The normal liver tissue structure was found in sham group.At 24 hours after modeling in the model group,the changes in pathobiology were found as following:neutrophil infiltration,hepatocytes swelling,hyperemia,and necrosis,as well as the abnormality of parameters reflecting liver function.AGM could significantly improve the pathological changes in liver tissue caused by severe trauma,and ameliorate the liver function.② There were no significant differences in the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and hepatic tissue at 12 hours after modeling,and the parameters at 24 hours in model group were higher than those at 12 hours,which were significantly higher than those of the sham group [serum TNF-α (ng/L):80.8±4.7 vs.34.7±4.7,IL-6 (ng/L):104.0±9.0 vs.55.4±3.3;liver TNF-α (ng/mg):405.2± 19.6 vs.57.2±10.0,IL-6 (ng/mg):58.4±7.7 vs.14.3±2.1,all P ＜ 0.01].AGM could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-o and IL-6 in serum and hepatic tissue [serum TNF-α (ng/L):58.2 ± 3.1 vs.80.8 ± 4.7,IL-6 (ng/L):74.1 ± 6.6 vs.104.0± 9.0;liver TNF-α (ng/mg):248.7 ± 22.5 vs.405.2 ± 19.6,IL-6 (ng/mg):22.5 ± 3.1 vs.58.4 ± 7.7,all P ＜ 0.01].③ The levels of TNF-o and IL-6 in Kupffer cells supernatant were significantly higher than those of the sham group,and they were further increased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 hours.AGM could effectively reduce the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Kupffer cells [TNF-α (ng/L):256.6 ± 5.6 vs.465.5 ± 5.2,IL-6 (ng/L):1 185.5 ± 64.4 vs.2 018.8 ± 53.2,both P ＜ 0.01],and also decreased the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 [TNF-α mRNA (2-△△Ct):7.2±0.4 vs.13.5±0.4,IL-6 mRNA (2-△△Ct):13.2±0.7 vs.21.3 ± 1.6,both P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion Agmatine can reduce trauma-induced acute hepatic injury via suppression of cytokines release in Kupffer cells,and can ameliorate the liver function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocoagulation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tonsillectomy ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of RNA interference(RNAi) on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) replication through comparing the anti-RSV activities between pshRNA7816 and ribavirin in cell culture system.Methods The recombinated plasmid pshRNA7816 and ribavirin was added to HEp-2 cells.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of pshRNA7816 and ribavirin on normal HEp-2 cells and protective effects of them on RSV infected HEp-2 cells.The effects of pshRNA7816 and ribavirin on change of cytopathogenic effect(CPE) of HEp-2 cells induced by RSV infection were observed through microscopically.Results pshRNA7816 had not significant toxicity on the growth of HEp-2 cells,but the ribavirin had significant toxicity when the concentration above 1.0 mmol/L.The pshRNA7816 and ribavirin could alleviate the CPE of HEp-2 cells induced by RSV infection,but the pshRNA7816 showed a more potent inhibition than ribavirin.The inhibition rates of pshRNA7816 were significantly higher than the maximum inhibition rate of ribavirin on RSV infection(P

The summary of common ventilation modes is presented in the paper. Characteristics, work principle, the advantage on the clinical application and parameter adjustment are analyzed to help users overcome the clinical difficulty using respirators.
Humans ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the natural occurrence of masked deoxynivalenol (DON-3-G) and other multi-mycotoxins in cereals from parts of China.

METHODSA total of 446 corn and wheat samples harvested in 2007 and 2008 collected from Henan, Hebei, Guangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing and Jiangsu provinces were analyzed for DON-3-G and other multi-mycotoxins (including deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), nivalenol (NIV), et al) by UPLC-MS/MS.

RESULTSCorn and wheat samples were mainly contaminated by DON and its derivatives as well as ZEN.88% (169/192) of wheat samples were positive for DON (range: 1.5 - 590.7 µg/kg; median: 30.8 µg/kg); 22.9% (44/192) of wheat samples were contaminated with ZEN (range: 1.7 - 3425.0 µg/kg; median: 8.0 µg/kg) and six samples contained ZEN concentration higher than the ZEN tolerance limit of 60 µg/kg. DON was detected in 50.5% (103/204) corn samples (range: 1.6 - 4374.4 µg/kg; median: 94.9 µg/kg); Seven samples contained DON exceeding the tolerance limit of 1000 µg/kg for DON. Additionally, ZEN was found in 41.7% (85/204) corn samples with the concentration between 1.6 µg/kg and 4808.7 µg/kg (median: 48.5 µg/kg) and there were 37 corn samples with ZEN level in the excess of tolerance limit for ZEN (60 µg/kg). DON-3-G was detected in corn and wheat samples for the first time in China with the median level of 21.4 µg/kg and 34.6 µg/kg for wheat and corn, respectively. Wheat was more heavily contaminated with DON-3-G than both 3-acetyl-DON (3-A-DON, median: 4.1 µg/kg) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-A-DON, median: 3.1 µg/kg) (t values were 5.111 and 5.966, respectively, both P values < 0.01). While, the level of 15-A-DON (median: 48.6 µg/kg) in corn was higher than 3-A-DON (median: 6.8 µg/kg) (t = -3.579, P < 0.01). The concentration of DON, DON-3-G, 3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN in corn were higher than that in wheat (Z values were -3.492, -1.960, -2.467, -8.711 and -6.272, respectively, all P values < 0.05). Wheat (median: 29.0 µg/kg) contained higher NIV in comparison with corn (median: 18.2 µg/kg, Z = -2.086, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWheat and corn samples from parts of China were contaminated with multi-mycotoxins and DON was the predominant;in comparison of wheat, corn was more heavily contaminated with DON, DON-3-G, 3-A-DON, 15-A-DON and ZEN.

China ; Edible Grain ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Food Contamination ; Food Microbiology ; Fusarium ; isolation & purification ; Mycotoxins ; isolation & purification ; Trichothecenes ; isolation & purification ; Triticum ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Zea mays ; chemistry ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng decoction ( BAEB) on yeast-to-hyphae transition of Candida albicans isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in alkaline pH.

METHODSerial 2-fold dilution assay was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Baitouweng decoction extracts against C. albicans isolates from VVC, XTT assay was applied to determine the metabolic activity of C. albicans hypha treated by BAEB for 6 h. The morphological change of C. albicans treated by BAEB was inspected at different pH by inverted microscope, fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solid agar plate and semi-solid agar were utilized to evaluate colony morphology and invasive growth of C. albicans, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was adopted to observe the expressions of hyphae-specific genes including HWP1, ALS3, CSH1, SUN41 and CaPDE2.

RESULTThe MIC of BAEB against C. albicans is less than that of other extracts; hyphae grow best at pH 8. 0; 512 mg · L(-1) and 1,024 mg · L(-1) BAEB could inhibit formation of hyphae and influence colony morphology. When treated by 512 mg · L(-1) and 1,024 mg · L(-1) BAEB, the colonies became smooth; while by 0 and 256 mg · L(-1) BAEB, the colonies became wrinkled. In semi-solid agar, the length of hyphae decreased steadily as the concentration of BAEB lowered. The expression of HWP1, ALS3, CSHl, SUN41 were downregulated by 5.12, 4.26, 3.2 and 2.74 folds, and CaPDE2 was upregulated by 2.38 fold.

CONCLUSIONBAEB could inhibit yeast-to-hyphae transition of C. albicans isolates from VVC in alkaline pH.

Antifungal Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyphae ; drug effects ; growth & development

Objective To explore the expression and distribution of calcineurin(CaN)in normal and failing human myocardium.Methods Left and right ventricles were obtained from end-staged heart failure patients(n=12)undergoing heart transplantation and donor hearts(n=5)taken from victims of vehicle accidents.Immunohistochemistry and SDS-PAGE technique were used to demonstrate expression and distribution of CaN. Results Positive immunoreactive staining for CaN was detected in human cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and epicardial mesothelial cells,but not detected in cardiac vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.There was no difference in CaN protein levels between failing hearts and donor hearts (Band intensity of right ventricle in failing hearts and donor hearts was 130.20±8.66 and 139.87±6.21, P=0.33.Band intensity of left ventricle in failing hearts and donor hearts was 106.45 and 126.34 ±12.09)and between left ventricular and right ventricular myocardium(Band intensity of left and right ventricles in failing hearts was 96.99±10.67 and 104.58±13.18, P=0.63.Band intensity of left and right ventricles in failing hearts was 132.12 and 120.74).Conclusions CaN is expressed in human cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and epicardial mesothelial cells and the protein level and distribution of CaN are similar in failing and donor hearts.

In early 2011, the serious outbreak of porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection suddenly recurred in Henan and neighboring Provinces. To investigate the etiology of massive infection with PRV, 16 800 serum samples, 905 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) back-feeding tissues, and 56 PR gene deleted live vaccines were colleted from January 2011 to May 2013 to detect PRV field infection using a PRV gE antibody test kit. The gE and TK genes of 11 new epidemic PRV strains were sequenced by PCR, and their molecular characteristics were analyzed. Moreover, virus titer determination, protective test against PRV, and vaccine potency testing were performed. The results showed that the detection rate of PRV field infection-positive pig farms was 68.06%, and the overall positive rate of PRV field infection in serum was 38.47%; the positive rates in breeding sows, breeding boars, reserve pigs, and commercial pigs were 40.12%, 30.88%, 54.67%, and 26.52%, respectively. The new epidemic strains were in the same evolutionary branch and belonged to the virulent strain group. Compared with the classical PRV strain, the virulence of new epidemic strains changed a little. The length of gE gene was 1 787 bp, and the length of TK gene was 963 bp. The nucleotide homologies of gE and TK genes to Chinese reference strains were 98.2%-99.8% and 98.90%-99.6%, respectively, and the amino acid homologies were 97.1%-99.8% and 97.5%-99.4%, respectively. Commercial vaccine had a 100% protective effect against the new epidemic strains. The positive rate of PRV field infection was 0% in vaccine and 40.44% in back-feeding tissues. The results confirmed that PRV field infection rates were rising sharply among pigs in Henan and neighboring Provinces after 2011. The main virulence genes of new epidemic PRV strains did not change significantly over the years. PR gene deleted live vaccines had no PRV field infection and could completely resist the attack of new strains. The virus carriage of breeding boars and reserve pigs and the serious PRV field infection in PEDV back-feeding tissues were the main causative factors for massive infection with PRV and epidemic outbreak in Henan and neighboring Provinces from 2011 to 2013.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal Feed ; analysis ; virology ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Female ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Pseudorabies ; epidemiology ; virology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a natural epidemic zoonotic pathogen. However, no reports have been published regarding the isolation, identification and full-length genome of EMCV from a local aardvark population. In present study, an EMCV isolate HNXX13 was isolated from aardvarks named Huainan-pig in Henan Province. The systematic identification, full-length genome sequencing and molecular characteristic analysis of the isolate HNXX13 were conducted. The result showed that the isolate was spherical with a diameter of 24-30 nm, neither heat- nor acid-resistant, sensitive to trypsin, insensitive to chloroform, not protected by bivalent cationic, and the specific fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of BHK-21 cells infected with the isolate by using indirect fluorescence assay. The full-length genome of EMCV HNXX13 generated a 7 725bp sequence (GenBank: F771002), with 81.0%-99.9% nucleotide identity to reference strains from different animals, and 99.5% with a Chinese reference strain isolated earlier from a commercial pig herd. The phylogenetic tree based on the full-length genome and ORF sequences identified that all EMCV strains were divided into three groups G1, G2 and G3, and strain HNXX13 belonging to the G1 group with other Chinese reference strains. The result also identified that this EMCV infection could cause severe clinical signs in a local aardvark population, and enriches the molecular epidemiological data of EMCV in China. Regional differences exist in EMCV genome and transmission is limited within a certain area. However, the cross-infection and transmission of EMCV between aardvark and mice appears most likely. Mutations have occurred in some amino acids of EMCV strain HNXX13 during the transmission in local aardvark herd and these mutations might make the virus easier to infect the aardvark.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; virology ; Cardiovirus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; China ; Encephalomyocarditis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Genome, Viral ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Xenarthra ; virology