Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25G illumination aided scleral buckling surgery for treatment of rhegrmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods This is a retrospective case control study.Fifty-seven RRD patients (57 eyes) were enrolled in this study.There were 35 males (35 eyes) and 22 females (22 eyes).The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmoscope group (29 patients,29 eyes) and illumination group (28 patients,28 eyes).There was no differences in the data of gender,age,onset time,logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and information of retinal tears between the two groups (P＞0.050).The patients in the ophthalmoscope group received operation of conventional scleral buckling with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.The patients in the illumination group received scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system.The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months.The BCVA,intraocular pressure,fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded.Results The difference of operation time between two groups was significant (t=2.124,P=0.031).In the ophthalmoscope group,26 eyes (89.7％) achieved retinal reattachment,3 eyes (10.3％) failed in retinal reattachment.In the illumination group,26 eyes (92.8％) achieved retinal reattachment,2 eyes (7.2％) failed in retinal reattachment.There was no difference of retinal reattachment rate (P=I.000).Five eyes failed in retinal reattachment,3 eyes received sclera buckling surgery,2 eyes received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.The final reattachment ratios were both 100％.BCVA increased in both groups compared with pre-surgery BCVA (t=4.529,5.108;P＜0.001).The difference of BCVA between two groups was not significant (t=0.559,P=0.458).There was no significant difference of intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery in both two groups (t=-1.386,-1.437;P=0.163,0.149).The difference of intraocular pressure between two groups was not significant (t=0.277,P=0.730).Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye in the ophthalmoscope group.There was no iatrogenic retinal break,choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis in the two groups.Conclusion 25G intraocular illumination aided buckling surgery for treatment of RRD is fast,safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese drugs for Pi strengthening Shen benefiting (CDPSSB) on the immunity function of HIV/AIDS patients' specific T cells.

METHODSTotally 20 patients were randomly recruited from the treated group [treated by CDPSSB combined highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)] and 23 patients were randomly recruited from the control group (treated by HAART alone). All patients were follow-up infected persons form You'an Hospital between from June 2010 to June 2012. CD4+ T absolute counts and HIV viral load were detected. Meanwhile, HIV whole gene overlapping peptides were used as stimulating antigen. The response intensity of HIV specific T cells was detected in the two groups.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in CD4 T absolute counts or HIV viral load between the two groups (P > 0.05). The response intensity of HIV specific T cells was significantly enhanced in the treated group, when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Along with elongation of treatment time (6, 12, 18, and 24 months) in the treated group, the response intensity of HIV specific T cells showed enhancing tendency, but there was no statistical difference among these time points (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCDPSSB could enhance improve the immunity function of HIV specific T cells, which might be one of its mechanisms.

Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Viral Load

With their unique physicochemical properties including excellent stability and biocompatibility, large specific surface area, and easy surface modification, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used as delivery vectors for drugs, genes, proteins, etc. In addition, AuNPs have excellent photothermal effects and radiosensitization characteristics, and therefore can be widely applied in the photothermal therapy and radiotherapy of cancers. This article reviews the construction, cellular uptake, and drug release of AuNPs drug-delivery systems and their applications in the treatment of tumors.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Vectors ; Gold ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Migu capsule and Strengthening Spleen prescriptions on the expression of vitamin D receptor on small intestine and calf muscle of the rat, while observing whether the Chinese medicine complex prescriptions of different effect such as invigorating the kidney and strengthening the spleen had selectivity to expression of the VDR mRNA.

METHODSCopy the model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy operation, the rats were randomly divided into four groups, pseudo-resection group, model group, Migu capsule group and strengthening Spleen prescriptions group. Drug delivery 12 weeks later from operation, stomach lavage last for 12 weeks. Then, to observe the effect of medicine on the rats' bone mineral density, uterus weight, calf muscle/weight, and the VDR mRNA in small intestine and calf muscle through RT-PCR.

RESULTSMigu capsule enhanced bone mineral density (P<0.05), raised calf muscle/weight (P<0.05), up-regulated expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA in the small intestine (P<0.01). Strengthening Spleen prescriptions remained bone mineral density (P>0.05), up-regulated expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA (P<0.01), there was no obvious difference in uterus weight in Migu capsule group and Strengthening Spleen prescription group.

CONCLUSIONMigu capsule and Strengthening Spleen prescriptions can cure osteoporosis by improving the expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA in the small intestine.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Prescriptions ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spleen ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.

Objective To investigate the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who havesex with men (MSM) who ever exchanged money for the same sex. Methods Target sampling forcross-sectional study and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences ofAIDS-related high risk behaviors between MSM with the experience of exchanging money for thesame sex and those without that experience. 1959 rstadied samples were recruited in nine cities. SPSS13.0 was used and t, x 2 and Mann-Whitney tests were taken for statistical analysis. ResultsCompared to corresponding ones without "buying" the same sex experience, MSM who ever engagedin "buying" sex had the characteristics of being prone to in marriage and living in larger cities witholder age and higher income (P＜0.01). They also had a significant larger number in the followingevents: total sexual panners, anal sex and oral sex episodes with same sex, number of sexualpartners, anal sex and oral sex in the previous six months, with the figure of median 50.0, 20.0,20.0, 5.0,4.0,5.0 respectively. 31.5% had ever participated in 'group sex', 48.0% had sex with malepartners away from his own region in the previous year, 70.5% had sexual intercourse withstrangers at MSM avenues in the last six months. The OR (95% CI) values were 2.288( 1.702-3.077), 3.231 (2.462-4.241 ), 2.840 (2.140-3.770). All the above mentioned figures werehigher than those without the experience, with significant differences. They had a significant lower rate of 45.7% of condom use while having sex with female partners (P＜0.05). Conclusion MSM with the experience of exchanging money for the same sex would have more AIDS-related high risk behaviors, AIDS preventative measures should be taken to target different subgroups.

OBJECTIVETo sort and identify side population (SP) cancer stem cells (CSC) in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines.

METHODSStem-like cells were isolated from five PCa cell lines Du145, IA8, LNCaP, TSU-Pr and PC-3 using FACS based on CD133+ CD44+ immunophenotype and SP in Hoechst staining. The in vitro growth pattern and tumorigenicity of SP stem cells were verified by soft agar colony-formation trial. LNCaP/SP cells were selected for further identification of stem cell properties using immunostaining, proliferation and invasion assay. Eventually, tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of LNCaP/SP were confirmed by xenograft experiments.

RESULTSThe percentages of CSCs of the CD133 CD44 + immunophenotype were extremely low in the five PCa cell lines. On the contrary, the percentages of the isolated SP cells were significantly higher in Du145 ([0.15 +/- 0.02]%), IA8 ([0.60 +/- 0.07 ]%), LNCaP ([0.8 +/- 0.1]%) and TSU-PrL ([2.0 +/- 0.4]%), but none was detected in PC-3. Besides, IA8/SP, LNCaP/SP and TSU-PrL/SP cells showed a significantly greater colony-forming efficiency than non-side population (NSP) cells (P < 0.05). Compared with LNCaP/NSP cells, LNCaP/SP cells exhibited high expressions of integrin alpha2, Nanog, CD44, OCT4 and ABCG2, remarkably enhanced invasive and proliferative potentials in vitro, and markedly increased tumorigenicity and metastasis (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSP sorting is more suitable than CD133+ CD44+ selection for enriching CSCs from PCa cell lines, and LNCaP/ SP represents a typical CSC population.

Cell Line, Tumor ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Side-Population Cells ; cytology

BACKGROUNDProstate stromal cells are known to regulate epithelial growth as well as support and maintain epithelial function. However, how stromal cells regulate epithelial cells and what differences among various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells in prostate cancer progression still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the different phenotypes of human various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells, and their role in tumor promotion.

METHODSThe different phenotypes of the human normal prostatic peripheral zonal primary stromal cells (NPPF), transitional zonal primary stromal cells (NPTF), and prostate cancer associated primary stromal cells (CAF) were examined with growth curves and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay. The different effects on prostate cancer cell line C4-2B by NPPF, NPTF, and CAF were examined with MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC assay. The gene expression of different histological/pathological prostate stromal cells was profiled by microarray and hierarchical cluster analysis.

RESULTSThe growth rate of NPPF, NPTF and CAF gradually increased, followed by decreasing apoptosis. In vitro stromal-C4-2B cell line co-culture models, the proliferation and apoptosis of C4-2B cell line were differently affected by human various histological/pathological prostate stromal cells. CAF showed the most powerful effect to C4-2B cell line, as opposed to a weakest effect of NPTF. Microarray and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes of CAF and NPPF were less than NPPF and NPTF, or CAF and NPTF. This was consistent with clinical observations that prostate cancer mostly derived from the peripheral zone and does not usually occur in the transitional zone.

CONCLUSIONNPPF, NPTF and CAF possess extremely different biological characteristics and gene expression, which may play an important role in genesis and development of prostate cancer.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cluster Analysis ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Prostate ; cytology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo investigate the FDG uptake characteristics, the factors affecting 18F-FDG uptake and the extra CT diagnostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in the malignant tumor with false negative 18F-FDG PET image.

METHODSThe data of PET/CT image in 17 patients with various kinds of cancers were reviewed and analyzed by visual observation and semi-quantity analysis ( SUV). The results were compared with the CT and histopathological diagnosis, respectively.

RESULTSOf 6 well-differentiated HCC patients confirmed by histopathological diagnosis, one had two lesions in the right lobe of the liver. One of these two lesions showed low FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET scan and low density on CT scan. The other one was not shown on either 18F-FDG PET or plain CT scan. But on enhanced CT scan, these two lesions were found to be inhomogeneous with high density at arterial phase. The false negative 18F-FDG PET images of one gastric signet ring cell carcinoma in the gastric fundus with right adnexa metastasis, 3 renal cell carcinoma, one greater omentum and peritoneal metastatic adenocarcinoma and one well-differentiated prostate cancer were caused by normal physical uptake in the digestive tract or FDG retention in the urinary system due to normal excretion. The size of three metastases was smaller than or equal to 1 cm in diameter, however, two primary lesions of these metastases showed high FDG uptake and only one was negative on either 18F-FDG PET or CT scan. In this series, 68.8% of the primary tumors and 66.7% of metastases were found to show abnormal density on CT scan, and 31. 2% of the primary tumors and 33. 3% of metastases were not detectable on either PET or CT images.

CONCLUSIONFalse negative 18F-FDG PET in malignant tumor may be correlated with the pathologic type, differentiation degree and the lesion size. Combining CT information with PET or paying attention to the scan methods during 8 F-FDG PET examination may reduce the rate of false negative 18F-FDG PET diagnosis in various kinds of malignant tumors.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; diagnostic imaging ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDChronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus portend high morbidity and mortality because of an interrelated pathophysiologic process. This large cohort study aimed to analyze the prevalence, clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with CHF and diabetes.

METHODSA total of 1119 patients with NYHA functional class II - IV and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% between January 1995 and May 2009 were recruited. Clinical variables, biochemical and echocardiographic measurements were retrospectively reviewed, and composite major cardiac events (MCE) including death, heart transplantation, and refractory heart failure requiring multiple hospitalizations were recorded.

RESULTSThe prevalence of CHF with diabetes was progressively increased with time (16.9% in 1995 - 1999; 20.4% in 2000 - 2004, and 29.1% in 2005 - 2009) and age (18.5% in < 60 years, 26.6% in 60 - 80 years, and 26.6% in > 80 years). Compared with CHF patients without diabetes, those with diabetes had worse cardiac function, more abnormal biochemical changes, and higher mortality. Treatment with glucose-lowering agents significantly improved LVEF and decreased MCE. An elevated serum HbA1c level was associated with large left ventricular end-systolic diameter (P < 0.05), decreased LVEF (P < 0.01) and reduced survival (P < 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for confounding factors, NYHA functional class (OR 2.65, 95%CI 1.14 - 6.16, P = 0.024) and HbA1c level >or= 7% (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.00 - 7.68, P = 0.049) were independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in CHF patients with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONSPrevalence of CHF with diabetes was increasing during past decades, and patients with CHF and diabetes had worse clinical profiles and prognosis. Aggressive anti-CHF and diabetes therapies are needed to improve overall outcomes for these patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Diabetes Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Female ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Ventricular Function, Left