Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25G illumination aided scleral buckling surgery for treatment of rhegrmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods This is a retrospective case control study.Fifty-seven RRD patients (57 eyes) were enrolled in this study.There were 35 males (35 eyes) and 22 females (22 eyes).The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmoscope group (29 patients,29 eyes) and illumination group (28 patients,28 eyes).There was no differences in the data of gender,age,onset time,logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and information of retinal tears between the two groups (P＞0.050).The patients in the ophthalmoscope group received operation of conventional scleral buckling with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.The patients in the illumination group received scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system.The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months.The BCVA,intraocular pressure,fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded.Results The difference of operation time between two groups was significant (t=2.124,P=0.031).In the ophthalmoscope group,26 eyes (89.7％) achieved retinal reattachment,3 eyes (10.3％) failed in retinal reattachment.In the illumination group,26 eyes (92.8％) achieved retinal reattachment,2 eyes (7.2％) failed in retinal reattachment.There was no difference of retinal reattachment rate (P=I.000).Five eyes failed in retinal reattachment,3 eyes received sclera buckling surgery,2 eyes received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.The final reattachment ratios were both 100％.BCVA increased in both groups compared with pre-surgery BCVA (t=4.529,5.108;P＜0.001).The difference of BCVA between two groups was not significant (t=0.559,P=0.458).There was no significant difference of intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery in both two groups (t=-1.386,-1.437;P=0.163,0.149).The difference of intraocular pressure between two groups was not significant (t=0.277,P=0.730).Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye in the ophthalmoscope group.There was no iatrogenic retinal break,choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis in the two groups.Conclusion 25G intraocular illumination aided buckling surgery for treatment of RRD is fast,safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chinese drugs for Pi strengthening Shen benefiting (CDPSSB) on the immunity function of HIV/AIDS patients' specific T cells.

METHODSTotally 20 patients were randomly recruited from the treated group [treated by CDPSSB combined highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)] and 23 patients were randomly recruited from the control group (treated by HAART alone). All patients were follow-up infected persons form You'an Hospital between from June 2010 to June 2012. CD4+ T absolute counts and HIV viral load were detected. Meanwhile, HIV whole gene overlapping peptides were used as stimulating antigen. The response intensity of HIV specific T cells was detected in the two groups.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in CD4 T absolute counts or HIV viral load between the two groups (P > 0.05). The response intensity of HIV specific T cells was significantly enhanced in the treated group, when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Along with elongation of treatment time (6, 12, 18, and 24 months) in the treated group, the response intensity of HIV specific T cells showed enhancing tendency, but there was no statistical difference among these time points (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCDPSSB could enhance improve the immunity function of HIV specific T cells, which might be one of its mechanisms.

Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Viral Load

Objective To study the AIDS related high risk behaviors and psychological appearances among men who have sex with men (MSM) who ever experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA).Methods Target sampling for a cross-sectional study was developed and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS and psychological appearances betwen those with or without CSA experiences among 2147 MSM from nine cities.Results Compared to corresponding ones without CSA experience,CSA group had a significant larger numbers in the following events: total sexual partners,anal sex episodes with same sex,female sexual partners and anal sex in the previous six months,with the figures of median as 20.0,10.0,3.0,3.0 respectively.In the previous year,30.8% of them had ever participated in 'group sex',19.2% ever exchanged money for sex,36.7% bled while having sexual intercourse,37.3% had sex with male partners away from his own region.All the above said figures were higher than non-CSA group,with significant differences.It also appeared that CSA experience had an impact on significant lower rate of condom use (67.3%) in the last anal sex.Those with CSA experience had more psychological problems which appeared as: 75.6% considered they would suffer from serious discrimination if their sexual orientation ever disclosed,34.7% had a strong intention of suicide and 24.3% ever having had suicidal attempts.The differences of the two groups showed statistical significance.Condusion CSA experience not only increased the number of AIDS related high risk behaviors in adulthood,but also had negative impact on their psychological appearances.It is of urgent need to carry out psychological intervention approaches to target on MSM with CSA experiences while childhood sexual education and rights assurance towards juvenile population should also not be neglected.

Objective To investigate the AIDS-related high risk behaviors of men who havesex with men (MSM) who ever exchanged money for the same sex. Methods Target sampling forcross-sectional study and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences ofAIDS-related high risk behaviors between MSM with the experience of exchanging money for thesame sex and those without that experience. 1959 rstadied samples were recruited in nine cities. SPSS13.0 was used and t, x 2 and Mann-Whitney tests were taken for statistical analysis. ResultsCompared to corresponding ones without "buying" the same sex experience, MSM who ever engagedin "buying" sex had the characteristics of being prone to in marriage and living in larger cities witholder age and higher income (P＜0.01). They also had a significant larger number in the followingevents: total sexual panners, anal sex and oral sex episodes with same sex, number of sexualpartners, anal sex and oral sex in the previous six months, with the figure of median 50.0, 20.0,20.0, 5.0,4.0,5.0 respectively. 31.5% had ever participated in 'group sex', 48.0% had sex with malepartners away from his own region in the previous year, 70.5% had sexual intercourse withstrangers at MSM avenues in the last six months. The OR (95% CI) values were 2.288( 1.702-3.077), 3.231 (2.462-4.241 ), 2.840 (2.140-3.770). All the above mentioned figures werehigher than those without the experience, with significant differences. They had a significant lower rate of 45.7% of condom use while having sex with female partners (P＜0.05). Conclusion MSM with the experience of exchanging money for the same sex would have more AIDS-related high risk behaviors, AIDS preventative measures should be taken to target different subgroups.

With their unique physicochemical properties including excellent stability and biocompatibility, large specific surface area, and easy surface modification, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used as delivery vectors for drugs, genes, proteins, etc. In addition, AuNPs have excellent photothermal effects and radiosensitization characteristics, and therefore can be widely applied in the photothermal therapy and radiotherapy of cancers. This article reviews the construction, cellular uptake, and drug release of AuNPs drug-delivery systems and their applications in the treatment of tumors.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Vectors ; Gold ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Migu capsule and Strengthening Spleen prescriptions on the expression of vitamin D receptor on small intestine and calf muscle of the rat, while observing whether the Chinese medicine complex prescriptions of different effect such as invigorating the kidney and strengthening the spleen had selectivity to expression of the VDR mRNA.

METHODSCopy the model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy operation, the rats were randomly divided into four groups, pseudo-resection group, model group, Migu capsule group and strengthening Spleen prescriptions group. Drug delivery 12 weeks later from operation, stomach lavage last for 12 weeks. Then, to observe the effect of medicine on the rats' bone mineral density, uterus weight, calf muscle/weight, and the VDR mRNA in small intestine and calf muscle through RT-PCR.

RESULTSMigu capsule enhanced bone mineral density (P<0.05), raised calf muscle/weight (P<0.05), up-regulated expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA in the small intestine (P<0.01). Strengthening Spleen prescriptions remained bone mineral density (P>0.05), up-regulated expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA (P<0.01), there was no obvious difference in uterus weight in Migu capsule group and Strengthening Spleen prescription group.

CONCLUSIONMigu capsule and Strengthening Spleen prescriptions can cure osteoporosis by improving the expression of calf muscle VDR mRNA in the small intestine.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Prescriptions ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spleen ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo sort and identify side population (SP) cancer stem cells (CSC) in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines.

METHODSStem-like cells were isolated from five PCa cell lines Du145, IA8, LNCaP, TSU-Pr and PC-3 using FACS based on CD133+ CD44+ immunophenotype and SP in Hoechst staining. The in vitro growth pattern and tumorigenicity of SP stem cells were verified by soft agar colony-formation trial. LNCaP/SP cells were selected for further identification of stem cell properties using immunostaining, proliferation and invasion assay. Eventually, tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of LNCaP/SP were confirmed by xenograft experiments.

RESULTSThe percentages of CSCs of the CD133 CD44 + immunophenotype were extremely low in the five PCa cell lines. On the contrary, the percentages of the isolated SP cells were significantly higher in Du145 ([0.15 +/- 0.02]%), IA8 ([0.60 +/- 0.07 ]%), LNCaP ([0.8 +/- 0.1]%) and TSU-PrL ([2.0 +/- 0.4]%), but none was detected in PC-3. Besides, IA8/SP, LNCaP/SP and TSU-PrL/SP cells showed a significantly greater colony-forming efficiency than non-side population (NSP) cells (P < 0.05). Compared with LNCaP/NSP cells, LNCaP/SP cells exhibited high expressions of integrin alpha2, Nanog, CD44, OCT4 and ABCG2, remarkably enhanced invasive and proliferative potentials in vitro, and markedly increased tumorigenicity and metastasis (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSP sorting is more suitable than CD133+ CD44+ selection for enriching CSCs from PCa cell lines, and LNCaP/ SP represents a typical CSC population.

Cell Line, Tumor ; cytology ; Cell Separation ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Side-Population Cells ; cytology

Objective To explore the risk of sexual behaviors related to AIDS among unmarried men who often have sex with women.Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted.Men' s sexual behaviors were compared with each other between the group of men who always had sex with women (group A) and who never had sex with women (group B) in the past 6 months.Results The average numbers of same-gender partners among group A who acted as the male role in the past 6 months and who had anal intercourse in the last month were 5.64 and 3.09 respectively,which were both higher than those of group B's (P＜ 0.05).The rate of condom use among men in group A when having sex with men was 81.94% .The percentages of condom use among men in group A who having had oral or anal sex with male sex buyers last time were 15.38% and 70.27% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B' s (P＜0.05 or 0.01 ).The rates of men in group A who were male sex workers and who having had sex with unknown men in gay places during the past 6 months were 27.59% and 61.70% respectively.Among group A,the percentages of men who had had sex with unknown men during the last time and who had had sex with nonlocal male partners during the past year were 43.06% and 40.28% respectively.They were all higher than those of group B's (P＜0.01).The percentage of condom use among men in group A when having had sex with women during the past 6 months was 68.94%,but only 25.96% of the men used condom regularly.The rate of condom use in men from group A when having sex with women during the last sexual intercourse was 65.45%.Conclusion HIV high-risk sex behaviors were more ubiquitous among unmarried MSM who always had sex with women,suggesting that different interventions be developed to prevent them from transmitting HIV from MSM to women or other men.

Objective To explore the risks on sexual behaviors related to AIDS among men who having sex with men (MSM) in floating population and to develop relevant interventions. Methods Study objectives were recruited through target sampling and anonymous questionnaires were adopted. Male sexual behaviors were compared between floating population and permanent registered residents.Results Among those MSM, the average numbers of same-gender partners, oral sex, anal sex and sex with females during the past 6 months among floating population were 9.61, 8.61, 7.52 and 1.17 respectively. Numbers of partners on oral sex and anal sex during the past month were 2.89 and 3.69 respectively. Both figures were higher than those of the permanent registered residents (P<0.05 or P< 0.01). The rates of condom use among floating population when having anal sex with men or with non-marital female partners were 37.15% and 23.28% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among floating population, the percentages of men who had sex with male sex workers or who had sex with men acquainted through inter-net or with stable female sex partners were 17.89%, 12.56%, and 31.86% respectively. The rates of men who had group sex among gay men, who bled when having sex with men or who had sex with men from other areas during the past year were 22.13%, 31.38% and 32.36% respectively. The figures were all higher than those of permanent registered residents' (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Sex-related high risk behaviors were more ubiquitous among floating population than those of permanent registered residents because they were more likely to transmit HIV to people from/to other areas. More attention should be paid to the floating population with MSM in particular, when health interventions are carried out.

Objective To explore the situation of AIDS-related high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) ever experienced partner-seeking in different sites. Methods Target sampling for cross-sectional study ( "snowball" ) and valid anonymous questionnaires were adopted to compare the differences of high risk behaviors related to AIDS. 1834 MSM were studied in nine cities who sought sex partners through internet, bars or bath ponds. Results Compared to the other corresponding groups, those MSM from the bath pond group had a significant larger number of total sexual partners, chances of having anal and oral sex with same sex, and ones of anal sex in the previous six months with the median number as 40, 16, 20 and 4 respectively. Interact group had a higher rate of bleeding (36.4%) when having sexual intercourse in the previous year and a lower proportion of 8.7% exchanged sex for money, and 14.9% and 13.3% in both bar and bath pond groups respectively. Bar group had significant lower rates of condom use with 79.6% while having sex with men and 45.3% with women, but higher rates(28.9% ) ever participated in group sex in the last year and 4.2% with H1V infection. Conclusion MSM had high risk behaviors related to AIDS appeared in different sites when seeking partners. Intervention strategy should be taken, according to the characteristics of different subpopulations, especially on the bath pond group.