OBJECTIVETo compare postoperative blood loss under different negative pressures of drainage after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

METHODSFrom January 1st to December 30th 2013, 74 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups: high negative pressure drainage group and low negative pressure drainage group. In high negative pressure drainage group, there were 34 cases including 10 males and 24 females, with a mean age of (75.94 ± 9.02) years old, and the patients were treated with 60 kPa negative pressure of drainage. In the low negative pressure drainage group, there were 40 cases including 13 males and 27 females, with an average age of (74.93 ± 8.90) years old, and the patients were treated with 30 kPa negative pressure of drainage. The amount of total drainage, total blood loss, and hemoglobin change were compared between these two groups.

RESULTSAll the patients got primary healing without infections. In high negative pressure drainage group,the change of hemoglobin was (41.74 ± 15.69) g/L, total blood loss was (1,217.73 ± 459.50) ml and the drainage volume was (312.94 ± 103.44) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group,the results were (34.90 ± 12.90) g/L, (904.01 ± 381.58) ml and (129.25 ± 44.25) ml separately. All the results in high negative pressure drainage group were higher than those in the other group. Three days after operation, the change of hemoglobin was (46.00 ± 13.29) g/L and total blood loss was (1,304.72 ± 421.75) ml; while in low negative pressure drainage group, the changes of hemoglobin was (43.87 ± 11.39) g/L and total blood loss was (1,196.78 ± 344.20) ml; there were no statistically significant differences between two groups.

CONCLUSIONWhen placing drainage devices after total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the level of negative pressure should be chosen according to preoperative level of hemoglobin and HCT in patients. For old patients with femoral neck fracture, low negative pressure is more suitable.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; prevention & control

This study was aimed to observe renoprotective effect and possible mechanism on Y i-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sixty 12-week male SHR rats were randomly divided into six groups , which were the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in low-dose group , middle-dose group , high-dose group , Benazepril group , model group and blank control group , and ten rats for each group . The SHR rats were sacrificed after eight weeks . The urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin were tested in each rat . The HE and Masson staining method were used to observe changes of renal pathology . Changes of expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) , connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) , FN were detected by immunohistochemistry . The results showed that compared with the blank control group , blood pressure in model group was associated with a significant rise after 8 weeks. Compared with the model group, blood pressure in the Yi-Shui Sheng-Xin Yin middle-dose group, high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased. Compared with the blank control group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in model group were associated with a significant rise . Compared with the model group , urine microalbumin , blood urea nitrogen and cystatin in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group significantly decreased . Pathological examinations showed that pathological changes in model group were faster than all drug-groups , appeared pathological changes of glomerular hypertrophy , glomerular basement membrane thickening of heterogeneity and extensive vacuoles degeneration . Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the blank control group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN of rat kidney tissue in model group were obviously up-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with the model group , expressions of TGF-β1 , CTGF and FN in the Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in , middle-dose group , high-dose group and Benazepril group were down-regulated ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It was concluded that Y i-Shui She ng-X in Y in can reduce SHR rats' early renal glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis , which play roles of delaying the progress of hypertension and protecting kidney . Its mechanism of action may be related to TGF-β1 , CTGF , FN signal pathways .

MISA (MicroSAtelite) software was employed to screen SSRs in 68 787 contigs of Swertia mussotii transcriptome sequences. 5 610 SSRs were distributed in 5 099 contigs which accounted for 7.41% of 68 787 contigs. There are 220 kinds of SSR motifs existing in S. mussotii transcriptome. On average, SSRs occurred every 12.60 kb in length. In the SSRs, the tri-nucleotide repeat motif was the most abundant (45.99%), followed by the di-nucleotide (41.62%). AT/TA and AAT/TTA were the main types of motif in di-, tri-nucleotide repeats. The repeat numbers of SSRs which from S. mussotii transcriptome SSRs were mainly from 5 to 10 and motif length of them mostly ranged from 12 bp to 30 bp. A total of 30 651 contigs were annotated, and only 1 447 SSRs were occurred in protein-coding regions. In the six repeat motifs, tri-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant in coding regions (928). There are abundant SSRs in S. mussotii transcriptome with high frequency and various types, indicating their usefulness in theory. This research may lay the foundation for designing the targeted SSR primers and developing SSR molecular markers by mining the information of SSRs loci in S. mussotii transcriptome sequences data.
Data Mining ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Swertia ; genetics ; Transcriptome

Squalene synthase (SQS) is a key enzyme in plant terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. This study focused on cloning and analysis of Huperzia serrata SQS (HsSQS1) gene. After searching the transcriptome dataset of H serrata, one unique sequence encoding SQS was discovered. The primers were designed according to the transcript sequence of HsSQS1 from the H. serrata transcriptome dataset. The open reading frame of HsSQS1 was cloned using RT-PCR strategy. The bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein were performed. The cDNA (named as HsSQS1) contains a 1263 bp open reading frame and encodes a predicted protein of 420 amino acids. The GenBank accession number for this gene is JQ004938. HsSQS1 contains two transmembrane regions, without signal peptide. The conserved domain of squalene synthase was presented in HsSQS1. HsSQS1 was more abundant in H. serrata root than in leaf and stem. This study cloned and analyzed squalene synthase gene from H. serrata for the first time. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the mechanism ofterpenoid biosynthesis in H. serrata plants.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; genetics ; Huperzia ; enzymology ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; enzymology ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; Plant Stems ; enzymology ; Plants, Medicinal ; enzymology ; genetics ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in focal cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury model.

METHODSFocal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats using filament method, and the expressions of IGF-I was detected with immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSThe expression of IGF-I was very low in normal brain tissues, but increased in the infracted area and penumbra after cerebral ischemia. The expressions of IGF-I reached the peak level of 14.83-/+0.48 at days 3 after reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONFocal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury enhances the expression of endogenous IGF-I.

Animals ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; metabolism ; pathology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; biosynthesis ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; metabolism ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

Dendritic cell (DC) plays a key role in antitumor immune response. However, there is a deficiency of DC function in the majority of leukemia patients. It is a novel idea that expanding DC in vitro and enhancing their antitumor immune function and DC-based tumor vaccines may be used as an efficient immune therapy for leukemia. In the project, the condition to induce DC from myeloid leukemia cell lines and its anti-leukemia response were investigated. HL-60, K562 and THP-1 cells were cultured with various combinations of cytokines for inducing DC. The morphologic features were analyzed with optical and electron microscopy. The phenotype of DC was detected by FCM with CD1a, CD40, CD80, CD86, HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies. The ability of DC stimulating lymphocyte proliferation was observed by allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction using (3)H-TdR incorporation. Cytotoxicity assay was measured by (51)Cr-release method. The level of IL-12 and IFN-gamma in supernatant of DC culture was measured by ELISA. It was proved that the DCs derived from K562, HL-60 and THP-1 cells showed a typical morphology of dendritic cell. The induced cells expressed the surface differentiation antigens of DC. A high expression of phenotypes was found in HL-60-DC and THP-1-DC stimulated by GM-CSF + IL-4 + TNF-gamma and K562-DC with GM-CSF + IL-4 + IL-12. The DCs from the 3 leukemia cell lines stimulated allo-MLR and CTL reaction strongly. Different contents of IL-12 were detected in the supernatants of DC culture and IFN-gamma in the coculture of DC and blood mononuclear cells. It is concluded that the myeloid leukemia cells are able to be induced DCs by cytokines in vitro. The different leukemia cells need different cytokines and cultural conditions. DCs derived from leukemia cells express phenotype of antigen-presenting cells. They have the ability of stimulating T lymphocyte proliferation and inducing CTL reaction to clear leukemia cells, and the DCs secrete IL-12 and increase secretion of IFN-gamma by T cells.
Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Antigens, CD1 ; immunology ; B7-2 Antigen ; CD40 Antigens ; immunology ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytokines ; pharmacology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-12 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Time Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects ; immunology ; ultrastructure ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH). Methods One hundred and twenty-eight patients with HICH,admitted to our hospital from September 2007 to December 2010,and 84 healthy controls clinically flee from neurology disease were chosen in our study.A POE genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); the distribution ofAPOE genotype and allele fiequency between the 2 groups were compared; the age of onset,gender,blood pressure,blood fat,bleeding part and size of haematoma in patients with different APOE genotype were further studied. Results The subjects with smoking hobby,diabetes history and higher concentrations of TC and LDL-C in the HICH group were obviously more than those in the control group (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the controls,the distributions of the APOEε3/4 and APOEε4 in the HICH group were significantly higher, and the distributions of the APOEε3/3 and APOEε3 in the HICH group were significantly lower (P＜0.05). The APOEε3/4 and APOEε4 carriers enjoyed higher percentages of onset age less than 45 years and superficial haematoma than A POEε3/3 and the A POEε3 carriers. The onset systolic blood pressure in APOEε3/4 and APOEε4 carriers was obviously lower than that in A POEε3/3 and A POEε3 carriers (P＜0.05). The plasma concentrations of LDL-C and TC in APOEε3/4 and APOEε4 carriers was significantly higher than those in APOEε3/3 and APOEε3 carriers (P＜0.05). Conclusion The APOE genotype influences the onset of HICH, and its influence factors included onset age, blood pressure,blood fat and bleeding part,which may concern with the cerebral artherosclerosis or amyloidosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect on adhesion and motion capbilities of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), by detecting the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), E-cadherin (E-cad) and S100A4 and the clinical significance in ACC tissues and analyzing the relationships between them with perineural invasion (PNI).

METHODSThe expression of NGF, E-cad and S100A4 in ACC was detected with the way of immunohistochemistry SP, and then analyzing the expression level of them in different pathological types and histological regions in statistical ways on the basis of their relation with clinical and pathological parameters.

RESULTSThe expression of NGF and S100A4 in PNI group [88% (23/26) and 77% (20/26)], was higher than that in NPNI group (8/16 and 7/16, P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between them was identified in PNI group (r = 0.316, P < 0.05). However the E-cad expression was lower in PNI group [31% (8/26), P < 0.05]. On the other hand it suggested a negative correlation with NGF (r = 0.385, P < 0.05) as well as that with S100A4 (r = -0.612, P = 0.000). The expression level of NGF in fasciculus [83% (25/30)] has significant deviation compared with it in distant tumor tissues [47% (14/30), P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSIn the PNI process of ACC, NGF plays important parts but not the only factor. It can increase the expression and activity of S100A4 but decrease E-cad expression through binding with its receptor. Thus, adhesion abilities of tumor cells was weakened and motional abilities was strengthen.

Cadherins ; biosynthesis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve Growth Factor ; physiology

AIMTo extend the analysis of the proteome of human spermatozoa and establish a 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) reference map of human spermatozoal proteins in a pH range of 3.5-9.0.

METHODSIn order to reveal more protein spots, immobilized pH gradient strips (24 cm) of broad range of pH 3-10 and the narrower range of pH 6-9, as well as different overlapping narrow range pH immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, including 3.5-4.5, 4.0-5.0, 4.5-5.5, 5.0-6.0 and 5.5-6.7, were used. After 2-DE, several visually identical spots between the different pH range 2-D gel pairs were cut from the gels and confirmed by mass spectrometry and used as landmarks for computer analysis.

RESULTSThe 2-D reference map with pH value from 3.5 to 9.0 was synthesized by using the ImageMaster analysis software. The overlapping spots were excluded, so that every spot was counted only once. A total of 3872 different protein spots were identified from the reference map, an approximately 3-fold increase compared to the broad range pH 3-10 IPG strip (1306 spots).

CONCLUSIONThe present 2-D pattern is a high resolution 2-D reference map for human fertile spermatozoal protein spots. A comprehensive knowledge of the protein composition of human spermatozoa is very meaningful in studying dysregulation of male fertility.

Adult ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; Fertility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Proteins ; analysis ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; methods ; Reference Values ; Semen ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sperm Banks ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Donors

Objective To explore the correlation between environmental selenium(Se) levels and cognitive ability among rural elderly population, and the effect of Se on cognitive skill of the elderly. Methods Two study sites(Zichuan district and Gaomi city of Shandong) with different environmental Se levels were selected according to rural elderly people ≥ 65 years were extracted by stratified random sampling method in each site. A retrospective survey was carried out using dietary intake questionnaire for the elderly for the past 1 year, and their daily total Se intake was calculated. Questionnaire was also used to obtain cognitive skill information in the elderly people. The Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test, the Indiana University (IU) Story Recall Test, the Animal Fluency Test, and the IU Token Test were applied to assess the cognitive ability. Se level in these samples was analyzed. Correlation between the Se levels of environment and those of human body were analyzed statistically. Results There were 0.163), (0.405 ± 0.086)]mg/kg and nail Se[(147.44 ± 17.42), (117.38 ± 22.48)μg/L]between the two groups (U = 31.59, 25.00, 23.67, all P ＜ 0.01 ). There were positive correlation among the nail Se, environmental Se and Se in all subjects(r = 0.51,0.46, 0.60, all P ＜ 0.01 ). The differences of the CSID total score, the CERAD Word List Learning Test, the CERAD Word List Recall Test and the IU Story Recall Test between the two sites were statistically significant(F = 2.56, 9.18, 7.48, 4.42, all P ＜ 0.05), excluding the Indiana University Story Recall Test.After eliminating possible confounding factors, the Se levels and the CSID total score, the IU Story Recall Test, the Animal Fluency Test and the IU Story Token Test had a significantly positive correlation (r = 0.076, 0.138, 0.042,0.107, P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ), excluding the CERAD Word List Learning Test. Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that a life long low Se level is associated with lower cognitive ability. The cognitive abilities in the elderly population lived in areas with high environmental selenium levels are significantly higher than that of the elderly lived in areas with low environmental selenium levels.