OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical outcomes of cannulated screw combined with buttress plate in treating transarticular shear fractures of the distal humerus.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to December 2011, 17 patients with shear fractures of the distal humerus were treated with cannulated screw combined with buttress plate. Among them, included 10 males and 7 females aged from 20 to 59 years old (mean 36.5). All the fractures were classified into type I (8 cases), type II (1 case), type III (3 cases) and type IV (5 cases) according to Bryan-Morrey and McKee classification. According to AO/ASIF classification, 10 cases were type 13B3.1, 7 cases were type 13B3.3; according to Dubberley classification, 5 cases with type 1A, 2 cases with type 1B, 2 cases with type 2A, 2 cases with type 2B, 4 cases with type 3A, 2 cases with type 3B. There were 12 cases with fresh injuries, 4 cases with old injuries. All fractures were closed injuries. Complications and range of motion of elbow were observed, and clinical efficacy were evaluated by Broberg-Morrey standard.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up with a mean time of 21.3 months (ranged, 18 to 24). All fractures obtained bone healing from 10 to 15 weeks with a mean of 12.5 weeks. No malunion or delayed healing occurred. Two cases occurred ossification in lateral collateral ligament attachment. 2 cases occurred heterotopic ossification in the capitellum in front of capsule joint. The range of elbow extension was (16 +/- 7) degrees, flexion was (115 +/- 9) degrees, the average are of pronation and supination was (65 +/- 5) degrees and (60 +/- 5) degrees respectively. According to Broberg-Morrey standard, there were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases, fair in 2 cases, and average score was 92.44 +/- 4.64.

CONCLUSIONFor transarticular shear fractures of the distal humerus, classification should be performed according to preoperative X-ray and CT, cannulated screw and buttress plate combined and early function rehabilitation could recover elbow function.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micro-movement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to February 2014, 64 cases of humeral shaft fractures were treated by bone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation including 28 males and 36 females with an average age of 38.1 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. According to the classification of AO/OTA, there were 10 cases of type A1, 12 cases of type A2,11 cases of type A3,10 cases of type B1,12 cases of type B2, 7 cases of type B3, 2 cases of type C1, 1 case of type C2, 1 case of type C3. After close reduction early functional exercise performed according to micro-movement theory. All patients had no other parts of the fractures, neurovascular injury, and serious medical problems. Patients were followed up for fracture healing, shoulder and elbow joint function recovery, and curative effect.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 12 months with an average of 10.3 months. Of them, 2 cases had a small amount of callus growth at 3 months after close reduction, so instead of operation; 2 cases appeared radial nerve symptoms after close reduction ,so instead of operation. Other patients were osseous healing, the time was 8 to 12 weeks with an average of 10.2 weeks. After osseous healing, according to Constant-Murley score system ,the average score was (93.5 ± 3.2) points, the result was excellent in 29 cases, good in 29 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 90.3%; according to the Mayo score system, the average score was (93.7 ± 4.2) points, the result was excellent in 35 cases, good in 23 cases, fair in 6 cases, excellent and good rate was 91.9%.

CONCLUSIONBone-setting manipulative reduction and small splint fixation combined with micromovement theory exercise for treatment of humeral shaft fractures has advantage of positive effect, easy and inexpensive method, the treatment has relevant scientific basis and practical value, it can effectively reduce complications, promote patients early recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Splints

AIMTo study the expression of leptin receptor (OB-R) and neuronal damage following focal ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

METHODS20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: sham-operated 24 h,72 h control group and ischemic/reperfusion 24 h, 72 h experiment group. Focal ischemia/reperfusion model was made with MCAO. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscope were used to observe the expression of OB-R of the cortex and neuronal damage.

RESULTSThe positive cells of OB-R were found in pyramidal cells of the parietal cortex, choroid plexus and blood vessel endothelium. Compared with sham-operated group, significant reduction of OB-R positive cells in the pyramidal cells was observed in the ischemia/reperfusion rats 24 hours after cerebral ischemia (P < 0.05). The positive cells of OB-R of sham-operated 72 h group reduced further (P < 0.01). Histochemistry and electron microscope showed neuronal damage in the core area of cerebral ischemia in the late period was more obvious than in the early period.

CONCLUSIONThe early and delayed ischemia/reperfusion neuronal damage were accompanied with reduction of OB-R expression. Thus, it is worth to study the effect of OB-R in cerebral ischemia.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Leptin ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical results of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of stiff elbow.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to December 2012, 27 patients with stiff elbow were treated with arthroscopic debridement and joint capsular releasing. There were 18 males and 9 females, ranging in age from 24 to 54 years old, with an average of 35.7 years old. Analgesia and rehabilitation were necessary after operation. Mayo criteria system was used to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 18 months, with a mean of 13.5 months. The mean maximum flexion angle of patients improved from preoperative (61.5 ± 30.1) degrees to postoperative (102.5 ± 20.1) degrees; and the mean maximum extension angle improved from preoperative (34.8 ± 12.1) degrees to postoperative (16.3 ± 16.1) degrees; the average total range of motion improved from preoperative (34.2 ± 21.0) degrees to postoperative (84.9 ± 9.2) degrees. According to the Mayo criteria system, the average score increased from preoperative 60.5 ± 13.4 to postoperative 88.7 ± 6.3; ten patients got an excellent result, 13 good and 4 fair.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic surgery to treat elbow stiffness has such advantages as minimal invasion, less blood loss, fast recovery, and clear visualization, which is effective to improve elbow joint functions with less complications.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Elbow Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo further study the characteristics of drugs with neutral property in two-way application and conditioned dominance by observing the action characteristic of 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property in hemorheological indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats.

METHODThe model of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats was established by injecting carrageenan and dry yeast, while the model of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats was established by body freezing. Subsequently, 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, 5 traditional Chinese medicines with heat property and 5 traditional Chinese medicines with cold property were selected for intervention to observe the changes in such indicators as whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit and analyze the action characteristics of drugs with neutral property.

RESULTANOVA showed that among six of the 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, including Typhae Pollen, Sarcandrae Herba and Sappan lignum, could obviously increase the hemorheological indicators of both heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats; five traditional Chinese medicines with cold property, such as Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Leonuri Herba, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma alone could ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.05); all of the five traditional Chinese medicines with heat property could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats (P < 0.01), among which Carthami Flos and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma could significantly ameliorate the hemorheological indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rats. According to the average high-shear blood viscosity analysis, drugs with neutral property showed similar action characteristics to those with cold property in ameliorating hemorheology indicators of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rat and better effect than those with heat property in reducing whole blood viscosity; and traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics to those with heat property in improving the hemorheology indicators of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome rat and better effect than those with heat property in reducing whole blood viscosity.

CONCLUSIONUnder the condition of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show the similar action characteristics to those with cold property; but under the condition of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show the similar action characteristics to those with heat property. This indicates that traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property show both heat and cold properties under he conditions of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.

Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hemorheology ; drug effects ; Homeostasis ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 conditioned medium (PC- 3-CM) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow human basalis mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).

METHODShBMSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by density gradient centrifugation from normal volunteers. PC-3 cells were cultured till the time of logarithmic growth and then transferred to a fresh medium, which, after 24 hours of incubation, was collected as PC-3-CM. Passage 3 hBMSCs were cultured in the fresh medium alone (the control group) or that with 50% PC-3-CM (the experimental group), and the effect of PC-3-CM on the proliferation activity of the hBMSCs was detected by WST-8 assay. Based on the types of medium used, the hBMSCs were divided into Groups I (control), II (50% PC-3-CM), III (osteoblast inducer) and IV (osteoblast inducer containing 50% PC-3 CM). The effects of PC-3-CM on the osteoblastic differentiation of the hBMSCs were determined by ALP staining, ALP activity detection, Von Kossa staining, and calcium quantitation.

RESULTSAt 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation, the absorbance values of the cells in the experimental group were 0.4370 +/- 0.0285, 0.7980 +/- 0.0213, 1.9090 +/- 0.0612 and 2.3023 +/- 0.0610, and those in the control group were 0.4060 +/- 0.0223, 0.6643 +/- 0.0075, 1.3727 +/- 0.0176 and 1.7947 +/- 0.0115, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01) except on day 1 (P > 0.05). The positive rate and intensity of ALP staining were gradually increased in the four groups, with the ALP activities of 0.29 +/- 0.03, 1.30 +/- 0.03, 2.13 +/- 0.08, and 3.80 +/- 0.03, respectively (P < 0.01), and so was the intensity of Von Kossa staining, with the calcium depositions of 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.05, 0.98 +/- 0.03, and 1.27 +/- 0.04, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPC-3- CM can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of abnormal myoelectricity at gastroduodenal anastomosis on gastric emptying in rats.

METHODSRats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=16). Pylorectomy and end-to-end gastroduodenal anastomosis were performed in the experimental group and electrodes were implanted in the serosal surface adjacent to the anastomosis. Slow waves were recorded by the implanted electrode in vivo. Gastric emptying was examined by scintigraphy.

RESULTSAt the first week after surgery, antral slow-wave frequency was significantly lower in the experimental group (0.8±1.4 vs. 3.3±1.2, P<0.01), as was the duodenal slow-wave frequency (2.1±0.6 vs. 11.1±0.7, P<0.01). There was no consecutive slow-waves transduction across the pylorus or the anastomosis. Within 12-16 weeks after operation, antral slow-wave frequency in the experimental group and the control group were (8.7±0.6) cpm and (4.0±0.4) cpm, respectively (P<0.01), and duodenal slow-wave frequency were (11.1±0.8) cpm and (10.8±0.7) cpm, respectively (P>0.05). Retrograde and antegrade myoelectricity transduction through the anastomosis were detected. The mean semi-emptying time in the proximal stomach was 14.7 min in the experimental group and 13.6 min in the control group (P>0.05). Radionuclide retention rate was 25.4% in the experimental group and 39.4% in the control group (P>0.05). The mean semi-emptying time in the distal stomach was 25.3 min in the experimental group and 10.5 min in the control group (P<0.01). Radionuclide retention rate was 46.4% in the experimental group and 18.7% in the control group (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal myoelectricity in the region of gastroduodenal stoma may delay liquid gastric emptying in pylorectomy rats.

Animals ; Duodenum ; physiology ; surgery ; Gastric Emptying ; physiology ; Gastroenterostomy ; Male ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surgical Stomas ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinicopathological features and molecular genetic changes of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC).

METHODSAll the data reviewed were from the files of pathology department of Changhai hospital collected from 1990 to 2006. In totally 706 cases of renal cell carcinoma studied, there were 21 MCRCC cases identified. The clinical and pathological features were assessed, immunohistochemical staining was performed, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were assessed using four microsatellite markers on chromosomes 3, 9 and 14.

RESULTSOf the 21 patients, the age ranged from 34 to 72 years (mean 50 years), 19 were male and two female. Tumors were found incidentally in 18 patients during physical examination, three patients had anemia or microhematuria. Among the 21 patients, 10 tumors were in the left kidney and 11 in the right. Eighteen patients were stage T1, two stage T2, and one stage T3 with perinephric tissue involvement. Follow up information was available in 20 patients, all showed no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Grossly, the tumor size ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm in the greatest dimension, consisting of multilocular cysts with variable sizes which contained light yellow, colloid or hemorrhagic fluid. The septae varied in thickness (ranged 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm, mean 0.2 cm). Microscopically the cysts were lined by single to multilayered epithelial cells with clear or lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were clusters of clear cells seen in the septae stroma. Sixteen tumors were of Fuhrman grade 1, and five were of Fuhrman grade 2. Immunohistochemically, the clear cells were positive for vimentin, ABC, CAM5.2 and EMA. Six samples were positive for CD10, and 16 were positive for NSE. Among 21 patients, PCR amplification was successful in 11 patients. Microsatellite alterations were found in five patients. LOH was observed in 3 of 11 MCRCC (27%), two were at D3S1560 locus, and one at D14S617 locus. MSI frequency was identified in 2 of 11 MCRCC (18%), locating at D9S168 or D14S617 locus, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSMCRCC is an uncommon tumor of kidney, constituting 2.9% of all RCC enrolled into the study. It has distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics with an excellent outcome. Results indicated that MCRCC is a rare entity with low malignant potential.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; genetics ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; genetics ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effects of recombinant mutant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rmhTRAIL) combined with chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM) on human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 cells in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSMTT was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of rmhTRAIL and GEM either used alone or in combination treatment on NCI-H460 cells. BAL B/c nude mice were transplanted with NCI-H460 tumor. The tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): negative control group (to be injected intraperitoneally with normal saline); rmhTRAIL group; GEM group; rmhTRAIL plus GEM group; GEM plus DDP group; rmhTRAIL plus GEM andDDP group. The tumor size was measured every 3 - 4 days. Twenty one days after the administration of different drugs the mice were killed and the tumors were taken out and weighed.

RESULTSThe growth inhibition of NCI-H460 cells was dose-dependent after exposure to rmhTRAIL, GEM alone or together. The combination of rmhTRAIL and GEM showed a synergistic inhibitory effect at different concentrations. The relative tumor volume of rmhTRAIL group, rmhTRAIL plus GEM group, GEM plus DDP group and rmhTRAIL plus GEM and DDP group were 4.75 +/- 3.04, 2.53 +/- 1.25, 4.52 +/- 2.87, and 1.69 +/- 0.97, respectively, all significantly smaller than that of the negative control group (8.82 +/- 5.62, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The tumor weight of these four groups were (2.23 +/- 0.29) g, (1.12 +/- 0.77) g, (2.51 +/- 0.87) g, and 0.60 +/- 0.18 g, respectively, all significantly less then that of the negative control group (4.71 g +/- 0.97 g, all P < 0.01). Both the relative tumor volume and tumor weight of rmhTRAIL plus GEM group were significantly smaller than those of either rmhTRAIL group or GEM group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Both the relative tumor volume and tumor weight of rmhTRAIL plus GEM and DDP group were significantly smaller than those of either rmhTRAIL group or GEM plus DDP group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe combination of rmhTRAIL and GEM has a synergistic inhibitory effect on human NSCLC cell line NCI-H460 cells either in vitro and in vivo.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Drug Synergism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; administration & dosage ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the action characteristics of "two-way application and conditioned dominance" of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property by observing the action characteristic of 10 traditional Chinese medicines capable of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis with neutral property in the microcirculation in rats with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.

METHODThe rat model with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was established by injecting carrageenan and dry yeast, and the rat model with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was built by the body freezing method. Ten traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, including 5 with hot property and 5 with cold property, were selected for intervention to observe blood flow rate and flow state indicators in rat auricles and make a comparative analysis on action characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property.

RESULTANOVA showed that among the 10 traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property, 6 such as Typhae Pollen, Sappan Lignum and Vaccariae Semen can obviously increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the above two models; all of the 5 traditional Chinese medicines with cold property can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat model with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, but only Salvia miltiorrhiza can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat models with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, while other medicines showed no notable effect; among the 5 traditional Chinese medicines with hot property, Carthamus tinctorius and Ligusticum chuanxiong can increase the blood flow rate (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the rat models with cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, but had no obvious effect to the blood flow rate in the rat models with heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. According to the analysis on average blood flow rate, traditional Chinese medicines with natural and cold properties showed similar effect on heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and better effect in increasing blood flow rate than those with hot property; those with natural and hot properties showed similar effect and better effect in increasing blood flow rate than those with cold property.

CONCLUSIONUnder the condition of heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics with those with cold property; wile under the condition of cold stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property have the similar action characteristics with the Chinese medicinal herbs with hot property. This indicates the action characteristics of "two-way application and conditioned dominance" of traditional Chinese medicines with neutral property to some extent.

Animals ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Syndrome