OBJECTIVETo analyze the influence of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S vertebral bodies on pelvic inlet imaging in the pelvic midline sagittal plane.

METHODSTotally 58 axial pelvic CT scans were chosen as study objects including 43 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old (ranged,18 to 68 years old). The angles between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1, vertebral bodies and the horizontal plane on midline sagittal CT reconstruction were measured to simulate the optimal S2 and S1 inlet angles. The included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies was calculated by subtrocting the S1,inlet angle from the S2 inlet angle defined as a base number. Then, the impact of the calculated included angles on the pelvic inlet imaging was analyzed. Results:The S2 inlet angles averaged (30.5±6.5) degrees; the S inlet angles averaged (25.7±5.9) degrees. The difference between them was significant (t=3.35, P=0.001). Ten patients had zero angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies; 14 patients had negative angle, averaged-(8.9±8.1) degrees; 34 patients had positive angle,averaged (11.8+6.4) degrees.

CONCLUSIONThe difference of included angle between the anterior aspects of S2 and S1 vertebral bodies leads to the difference between S1 inlet view and S2 inlet view in most cases, complicating the pelvic inlet imaging,and affecting the reliability of the application of pelvic inlet view. Utilizing the angles measured on the preoperative midlihe sagittal CT reconstruction to obatin the patient-customized S1 and S2 inlet views could accurately guide the S1 and S2 iliosacral screw insertion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; Spine ; anatomy & histology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo introduce a classification system of upper sacral segment and its significance based on the continuous pelvic axial computed tomography scan.

METHODSThe whole pelvis 2.0 mm thick axial scan images of 127 cases were observed, the sacroiliac screw channel of S1 were measured, according to the size of the transverse screw channel the upper sacral segment were classified. Such as transverse screw channel existed and in at least 4 layer scan images its width was > 7.3 mm, it was defined as sacral segment of the normal type. Such as transverse screw channel existed and its maximum width was 7.3 mm or less on scanning level, it was defined as a transitional. Such as transverse channel did not exist, or its width on all scanning level was 0 mm or less, it was defined as dysplastic. Various cases,percentage, and the average of the transverse screw channel were calculated.

RESULTSThere were 58 normal (45.7%),42 transitional (33.1%), and 27 dysplastic (21.2%) upper sacral segments with an averaged width of the tansverse screw channel of 13.9 mm, 5.2 mm, and 0.9 mm, respectively. Each specimen could be defined as one of the three types of upper sacral segment without exceptions.

CONCLUSIONIt is possible to insert a transverse iliosacral screw into a normal upper sacral segment when indicated because of the capacious transverse screw channel. The transverse iliosacral screw placement into the transitional and dysplastic upper sacral segments was contraindicated because of the limited or none transverse screw channel. The transitional upper sacral segment was superior to the dysplastic segment due to its starting point location restriction on the true lateral sacral view.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Sacrum ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

To solve the issues of costly planting of facility cultivation method and inferior efficacy than wild herbs of Dendrobium officinale, the cliff epiphytic cultivation method was studied. To research the growth, agronomic traits, yield, polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract contents were measured on the D. officinale from different water regulation and cliff slope gradients treatments. The results showed that D. officinale epiphytic at 85 degrees-90 degrees cliff and sprayed water 1-2 h x d(-1) at the growing season can get better growth and obtain high yield, and the morphology has no different from wild cliff D. officinale, even in the environments without shade. The contents of polysaccharide and alcohol-soluble extract are closely related to the physiological ages, but significantly higher than the facility cultivation. It is possible that environmental stresses benefit the accumulation of polysaccharides, alcohol-soluble extract and other efficient ingredients.
Agriculture ; methods ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Water ; analysis

The wild resources of Dendrobium officinale in Anhui province were studied by textural research, data collection, interview survey and regional survey, in order to investigate the resources distribution and ecological characters and provide the reference for Anhui Dendrobium industry. In this paper, a part of producing areas of wild D. officinale in Anhui province was selected to analyze the ecological characters. As a result, we find that the wild resources of D. officinale in Anhui distributed only sporadic and the conditions of growth environment were harsh. Our findings may provide some suggestions on wild resources protection and artificial cultivation in suitable environments because the wild resources of D. officinale in Anhui are decreasing rapidly and facing an endangered situation.
China ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; supply & distribution ; Ecological and Environmental Phenomena

OBJECTIVETo study the E-CD and Snail expressions in colorectal cancer and their relationship with colorectal cancer invasion, metastasis and prognosis.

METHODSImmunohistochemical staining (EnVision) was used to detect the E-CD and Snail expressions in 30 normal colorectal mucosa, 30 colorectal adenoma and 142 colorectal cancer tissues.

RESULTSE-CD in the normal colorectal mucosa was strongly positive expressed (90.0%), significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomas (63.3%) and colorectal cancer tissues (41.5%). E-CD expression was significantly related to tumor differentiation, invasion depth, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and Dukes' stage (P < 0.05), but not to the patients' age, gender, tumor size and tumor histological type (P > 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the E-CD positive patients with colorectal cancer were significantly higher than that in E-CD negative patients. The positive expression rate of Snail in colorectal cancer tissues (52.1%) was significantly higher than that in normal colorectal mucosa (6.7%) and colorectal adenomas (26.7%, P < 0.05). The snail expression was significantly correlated to tumor histological type, differentiation, invasion depth, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and Duke's stage (P < 0.05), but not to patients' age, sex and tumor size (P > 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of Snail negative patients with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that in patients with positive expression (P < 0.05). The expressions of E-CD and Snail in colorectal cancer tissues were inversely correlated (P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that E-CD and Snail can be used as independent prognostic indicators (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONE-CD and Snail expressions in colorectal cancer are related to the tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Low expression of E-CD and high expression of Snail are related to the advanced stage, and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. E-CD and Snail can be used as independent prognostic indicators.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Survival Rate ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of PTEN and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of its epigenetic microsatellite in gastric carcinoma and explore their roles in progression of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSLOH of epigenetic microsatellites of PTEN (D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687) in advanced gastric cancer was detected by PCR-SSCP. Expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer was evaluated by RT-PCR and SABC immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between expression of PTEN mRNA and protein and lymph node metastasis or LOH of microsatellites was discussed.

RESULTSLOH of D10S541, D10S583 and D10S1687 was found in 37.5% (21/56) of advanced gastric cancers. The positive rates of PTEN mRNA expression were 80.4% (45/56), 45.5% (5/11) and 32.1% (18/56) in normal mucosa, early and advanced gastric carcinomas, respectively, while 78.6% (44/56), 44.5% (5/11) and 28.6% (16/56) at the protein level. PTEN mRNA and protein were less frequently expressed in early and advanced gastric carcinomas than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). There was positive correlation between PTEN mRNA expression and LOH of microsatellites in advanced gastric carcinomas. PTEN protein expression paralleled with its mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis of advanced gastric carcinomas (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulated expression of PTEN gene is found in different stages of gastric carcinoma, and is closely correlated with LOH of its epigenetic microsatellites, which probably is its underlying molecular mechanisms. It suggests that altered PTEN gene contributes to tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinomas.

Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Neoplasm Staging ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

The purpose of the present study was to examine the kinetic process of hemoglobin (Hb) carrying and releasing oxygen. Under the standard conditions (pH 7.4, Po(2) 20 mmHg, 20 °C) the blood samples of chicken, rabbit, frog and carp were equilibrated in oxygen content analyzer with calibrated gas mixture A (0.5% CO(2) and 99.5% N(2)). Then the blood samples were exposed to gas mixture B (21% O(2), 0.5% CO(2) and 78.5% N(2)). After equilibration, the blood samples were exposed to gas mixture A again. During the whole process, Po(2) of blood samples was detected in real-time. The time spent in blood Po(2) changing from 0 to 21 kPa was recorded carefully. The results indicated that the kinetic curve of Hb carrying oxygen presented a shape of "S". It was similar to the Hb oxygen dissociation curve (Hb ODC). Based on the curve, T(50), a new kinetic parameter, was established. T(50) is the time of 50% O(2) saturation of Hb. It can reflect the efficiency of Hb carrying oxygen. Through comparing of T(50), the efficiency of Hb carrying oxygen among 4 species of animals was: frog < carp < rabbit < chicken. In the phase I of Hb carrying and releasing oxygen kinetic curve, the slope in carp was much larger than that in rabbit; the time [(1 411±6) s] of Hb releasing oxygen in chicken was longer than that in other 3 animals. These differences reflected the variety of efficiency of Hb carrying and releasing oxygen. In addition, the kinetic features of Hb carrying oxygen were likely to become an important index to evaluate the function of Hb carrying oxygen, especially in evaluating the ability of artificial blood substitute. On the basis of the analysis of the kinetic curve of Hb carrying oxygen and Hb ODC, another new important efficacy parameter E(50) was proposed. E(50) reflects the relationship between the time of 50% O(2) saturation of Hb and environmental Po(2). E(50) can be used as a synthetic index to assess the efficiency of Hb carrying oxygen.
Animals ; Anura ; Carps ; Chickens ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rabbits

BACKGROUNDTo explore the effect of human osteopontin (hOPN) on the proliferation, transmigration and expression of matrix metallproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in osteosarcoma (OS) cells in vitro.

METHODSThe prokaryotic-expression vector of hOPN was produced. hOPN was then subcloned into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified with ProBond trade mark Columns. The proliferation, cell cycle and the expression of cyclin A in OS cells were investigated by using MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot respectively. The transmigration of OS cells was checked by using transwell cell culture chamber. The micro-pore-filter-membrane system was used to study the chemiotaxis of hOPN to OS cells. The levels of total protein were examined according to Coomassie Brilliant Blue manuals. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated by detecting the volume of degradation of gelatin on SDS-PAGE gel.

RESULTSThe prokaryotic-expression vector of hOPN and purified hOPN protein were achieved hOPN promoted OS cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulated cyclin A expression in OS cells to accelerate cell division cycle. hOPN facilitated the trans-membrane migration of OS cells. hOPN also enhanced the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in OS cells.

CONCLUSIONhOPN could stimulate cyclin A expression in OS cells. hOPN has chemiotaxis to OS cells and increases their transmigration. hOPN enhances the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in OS cells.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; secretion ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; secretion ; Osteopontin ; Osteosarcoma ; pathology ; Sialoglycoproteins ; pharmacology

In order to discover the mechanism of Xuebijing oral effervescent tablet (XBJOET) to treat infectious diseases, the effect of XBJOET on endotoxin induced rabbit fever and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was investigated. Auricle microcirculation in rabbit was detected by laser speckle blood perfusion imager system; coagulation function was measured by coagulation analyzer, fibrinolytic system was quantified by Elisa assay and micro thrombosis in tissues was observed with HE staining under light microscope. The results demonstrated that the body temperature of rabbit decreased significantly at 1-3 h after administration with 4.8, 2.4 and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET to endotoxin induced DIC rabbit model, the auricle microcirculation blood flow in model group (54.45 +/- 14.53) PU was lower than that in control group (77.18 +/- 12.32) PU. The auricle microcirculation blood flow increased markedly and there was significant difference between model group and 1.2 g x kg(-1) XBJOET group. There was significant difference between model group and control group in the content of PAI1 and FIB. The PAI1 levels in model and control groups were (30.48 +/- 2.46) ng x mL(-1) and (20.93 +/- 3.25) ng x mL(-1), respectively. The FIB levels in model and control group were (3.34 +/- 1.09) g x L(-1) and (4.84 +/- 1.10) g x L(-1), respectively. The content of PAI1 in rabbit plasma decreased notably, there were significant differences between model group and 4.8, 2.4 g x kg(-1) XBJOET groups. On the contrary the content of FIB increased. XBJOET possessed pharmacological activities of curing infectious fever and DIC, the mechanism of which is related to amelioration of microcirculation disturbance, inhibition of fibrinolytic system activation and coagulation and micro thrombosis elimination.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Body Temperature ; drug effects ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; blood ; chemically induced ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ear Auricle ; blood supply ; Endotoxins ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; blood ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Tablets ; Thrombosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate possible association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF-beta3) gene and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese.

METHODSThe promoter region, exons, as well as part of the introns of TGF-beta3 gene were sequenced by a fluorescent labeling automatic sequencing method to detect and characterize the SNPs in 24 DNA samples from a Chinese population. Then we conducted a case-control study using 396 patients with hypertension (case) and 214 nomortensive subjects (control). The three SNPs including Thr63Asn, SS5608219 and SS5608220 were genotyped by PCR-RFLP or real-time allele-specific PCR in subjects studied.

RESULTSSeven SNPs in the exons, introns and 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of TGF-beta3 gene were identified. Among them, 2 SNPs were found to be novel genetic variants and one of the two located in the exon 1 and produced substitution of amino acid. However, no differences were found between hypertensives and nomortensives in genotype distribution and allele frequency of SS5608219, Thr63Asn or SS5608220 polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONSTwo novel SNPs of TGF-beta3 gene were identified in Chinese. One of them produces a threonine to asparagines substitution in codon 63 (Thr63Asn). But no association was found between TGF-beta3 gene polymorphisms and EH in Chinese.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Transforming Growth Factor beta3 ; genetics