Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level of 5 special groups (newly married women,pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students) in Ningxia, and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Clustering and random sampling method were used. In 2008 and 2009, in the 22 counties investigated, in every county with 9 townships or more, nine townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center; four villages were randomly selected in each chosen township, four people with special needs and 2 infants were randomly selected for urine samples collection in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west, south, north and center sub-areas; four villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township, eight people with special needs and 3 infants' urine samples were randomly collected in each chosen village. In the 22 counties, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west,south, north and center sub-areas, one village elementary school was randomly sampled in each chosen township,twenty students aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected to collect their urine samples in each school. The iodine concentration was determined by arsenic-cerium contact method. Results A total of 6894 copied of urine samples from newly married women, pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students were examined, the urinary iodine medians were 209.3, 187.4, 184.0, 216.5, 216.3 μg/L, respectively. From low to high in the order was lactating women, pregnant women, newly married women, students, babies and infants. The level of urinary iodine of babies and infants, pregnant women and lactating women were appropriate, the one of newly married women and students were higher than appropriate. The proportion of less than 100 μg/L of urinary iodine of the 5 kinds special groups were 11.1% (53/475), 35.4% (308/871), 35.4% (659/1863), 19.1% (283/1483), 8.4%(185/2202), respectively, while the urinary iodine of the pregnant women and lactating women were relatively high. The urinary iodine medians of the 5 special groups were also very different among counties. Conclusions The urinary iodine of the 5 special groups in Ningxia presents obvious differences between populations and regions.Current iodized salt is sufficient to ensure iodine nutrition needs for the 5 special groups. But married women and students have higher levels of iodine nutrition, indicating that the salt iodine concentration of Ningxia residents have cut space, full consideration of the 5 special groups and regional differences should be taken.

Objective To explore the status of stress to the life affairs between Tibetan nursing students on 9+3 free education programs and mainland nursing students.According to the diversity of them,corresponding nursing interventions of mental health were put forward.Methods The questionnaire of Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)was distributed to 120 nursing students in each group through random sampling,and the SPSS 17.0 statistical software package was used for data analysis.Results The scores of Tibetan nursing students were higher than mainland nursing students on factors of study pressure,personal relationship and health adaptation,which showed significant difference.The results of ASLEC showed that the scores of personal relationship,deserved punishment and loss in the Tibetan nursing students of 1st gradewere significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 1st grade score.The scores of study pressure in the Tibetan nursing students of 2nd grade were significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 2nd grade.The scores of personal relationship and health adaptation in Tibetan nursing students of 3rd grade were higher than those in the Mainland Nursing Students of 3rd grade score.Conclusions Influence of stress to the life affairs on psyche of Tibetan nursing students is outstanding in contrast to Mainland nursing students,and Tibetan nursing students were given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors of stress to the life affairs.

This study is to investigate the roles of neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and protein kinase B (PKB) in pacing-induced heart failure of rhesus monkey. Rapid pacing was used to induce heart failure in rhesus monkey. Aorta intubatton was used to perform hemodynamic measurements, 17 days after pacing. N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), one of the most important molecular marker of heart failure, was also measured by the method of electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. The mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were detected in the left ventricular free walls by RT-PCR method. The expressions of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl on protein level were also detected by Western blotting. The contractibility of cardiac muscle decreased significantly, which consisted with the increase of BNP. Compared with control group, the mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were depressed, and similar results were also found in the protein expression analysis of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl. The expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were down-regulated during heart failure in rhesus monkey which suggested the important roles of ErbB2 receptor and PKB in the mechanism of heart failure.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

ObjectiveTo develop an ELISA method for quantitative determination of enterovirus 71 (EV71) antigen.The method can be applied to detect EV71 antigen contents and analyze the correlation between immunogenicity and immunoprotection.It also can be used for tissue culture infective dose( TCID50 ) assay.MethodsA double antibody sandwich ELISA method was developed for quantitative determination of EV71 antigen on the basis of the high-affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies ( K8G2 and Y8H2-HRP).This method was compared with microscopic observation for the detection of EV71 TCID50.The correlation was analyzed between the specific activity of EV71 antigen and the EV71 neutralizing antibody titer in immune serum.ResultsThe linear range of this method was 0.125-4.0 U/ml and the R2 value was 0.9911.The reagent did not react with other antigens except EV71 antigen.The recovery ratio of this method was 0.89-1.16.The coefficient of variation was less than 15％.The heat recovery rate was above 85％ when the reagent was in 37℃ for 9 days.There was a good correlation in TCID50 of EV71 between this method and microscopic observation,r=0.990.The specific activity of EV71 antigen had positive correlation with the neutralization titer of immune serum in 21 EV71 strains,r=0.930.ConclusionThe quantitative ELISA method for EV71 antigen was developed,which could be used to detect EV71 antigen contents and analyze TCID50.The specific activity of EV71 antigen detected by the method could be used to evaluate the immunoprotection of the vaccine potency test.

OBJECTIVETo assess the application of IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) in epidemiological studies of tuberculosis and to discuss the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in different regions in China.

METHODSMycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with a total number of 158 isolates, were subjected to IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping and MIRU.

RESULTSThe numbers of patterns produced by IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping, and MIRU typing were 118, 20 and 105 respectively. The discriminatory power of IS6110-RFLP was higher than that of Spoligotyping. However, when the copies of IS6110 were lower than 10, the discriminatory power of Spoligotyping improved obviously. The discriminatory power of MIRU typing was close to that of IS6110-RFLP for typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In MIRU loci, there were four loci (loci 4, 10, 26, 40) with higher diversity. Significant differences among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis between Guangdong and other regions in clustered rate and the proportion of Beijing genotype (P < 0.05) were found. The clustered rates and the proportion of Beijing genotype in Guangdong were lower than that in other regions.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicated that either IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping or MIRU technique was useful for epidemiological studies on tuberculosis in China and the strains in different regions had different characterishes in China.

China ; epidemiology ; DNA Fingerprinting ; methods ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; microbiology

The 1H-NMR fingerprints of three different species tibetan medicine sea buckthorn were established by 1H-HMR metabolomics to find out different motablism which could provide a new method for the quality evaluation of sea buckthorn. The obtained free induction decay (FID) signal will be imported into MestReNova software and into divide segments. The data will be normalized and processed by principal component analysis and.partial least squares discriminant analysis to perform pattern recognition. The results showed that 25 metabolites belonging to different chemical types were detected from sea buckthorn,including flavonoids, triterpenoids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc. PCA and PLS-DA analysis showed three different varietiest of sea buckthorn that can be clearly separated by the content of L-quebrachitol, malic acid and some unidentified sugars, which can be used as the differences metabolites of three species of sea buckthorn. 1H-NMR-based metabonomies method had a holistic characteristic with sample preparation and handling. The results of this study can offer an important reference for the species identification and quality control of sea buckthorn.
Hippophae ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Metabolomics

Objective To build a clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city.Methods Literature meta analysis, focus group discussion, expert consultation method, boundary value method, brainstorming and hierarchy analysis method were comprehensively used.Results The clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city comprises 5 level-1 indexes,1 6 level-2 indexes,47 level-3 indexes.Among the level-1 indexes,service capacity,medical quality,technical personnel,scientific research and education, and foundation of specialty was 0.474 6,0.202 7,0.148 2,0.097 7,0.076 8 respectively.Conclusion The clinical key disciplines evaluation index system for county level hospitals in Chengdu city is scientific, guiding and practical,which can be used to evaluate the status of the clinical key disciplines for county level hospitals in Chengdu city.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the numbers, sizes and types distribution of diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits' lungs. METHODS: Sixty-two rabbits were randomly divided into drowning group (n = 30), postmortem immersion group (n = 30) and land death group (n=2), and the diatoms in each lung lobe were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by microwave digestion and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In the drowning group, the diatoms were detected in each lung lobe with Cyclotella and Melosira in the majority. In the postmortem immersion group, Cyclotella was in the majority. And the diatoms weren't detected in some lung lobes in postmortem immersion. There were significant differences in the detection rates of upper lobe of left lung, middle lobe and cardiac lobe of right lung in two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the microwave digestion and scanning electron microscopy, the numbers, sizes and types distribution of diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits' lungs can be analyzed and used as references for testing theory.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Diatoms/isolation & purification* ; Drowning ; Lung/microbiology* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microwaves ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo establish a rapid method for testing drug sussceptibility on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSTaking absolute Concentration method for drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis as the "gold standard", we examined the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis strain with nitrate reducrase assay (NRA) and the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum with NRA.

RESULTSNRA and absolute concentration method was basically comparable with NRA susceptibility as 96.5% and the specificity was 100%, When comparing with traditional absolute concentration method, NRA could shorten the time about 3 weeks. Using NRA to test the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum, its susceptibility was more than 66.7% and specificity was 100%, within 10-20 days.

CONCLUSIONNRA could be used as a rapid drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enzyme Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; methods ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Nitrate Reductase ; metabolism ; Sputum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical significance of breast duct endoscope for plasma cell mastitis.

METHODSBreast duct endoscope was performed on 250 patients with nipple discharge. The characters of 95 cases of plasma cell mastitis under the breast duct endoscope were analyzed and studied.

RESULTSAmong the 95 cases with plasma cell mastitis, 21 were in type I, 43 in type II, 18 in type III and 13 in type IV. Eighty-three cases were treated with no-operation treatment, and 45 completely released, 38 partly released. There were 5 cases with middle to serious atypical hyperplasia in 12 cases treated with operation, that were all confirmed by pathological examination.

CONCLUSIONIn patients with plasma cell mastitis, clear diagnosis can be made through breast duct endoscope, and the breast duct with lesions could be positioned. It is a necessary assistant method for patients to avoid biopsy or decrease the biopsy range.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Cells ; pathology