Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Poaceae ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Silicates ; adverse effects

Integrative Medicine ; Professional Competence

OBJECTIVETo explore the histopathological features of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

METHODS105 patients were divided into three groups according to serum ALT levels: Group A [ALT level < or = 0.5 x upper limits of normal (ULN)], Group B (0.5 x ULN < ALT level < or = 1 x ULN) and Group C(1 x ULN < ALT level < 2 x ULN). Grade of liver inflammation and stage of liver fibrosis in the three groups were compared. The changes in clinical parameters were then observed in patients who had liver histopathological changes.

RESULTSAmong 40.95% of the patients, hepatitis degree went to G2 or even worse; and among 30.43% of the patients whose ALT level were normal, the hepatitis degree reached G2 or even worse. In 26.67% of the patients, degree of fibrosis went to S2 or even worse, and for the 17.39% patients whose ALT level were normal, degree of fibrosis went to S2 or even worse. The aggravation of liver inflammation and fibrosis was correlated with ALT and hyaluronic acid increasing (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFrequent monitoring of serum ALT and hyaluronic acid may help to understand histopathological changes in the liver. Liver biopsy applied to CHB should be regarded as a main basis if antiviral therapy should be conducted.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the value of captopril challenge test (CCT) in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA).Methods A total of 674 patients [(45.0±13.7) years, men 341, women 333] admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed.Among them, 222 subjects were with essential hypertension (EH), 28 were with pheochromocytoma (PHEO), 246 were with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 178 were with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA).All patients received CCT.24 h urine sodium was measured in partial patients.Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (ALD) were detected.Results Compared with EH [PRA: before 0.5(0.2,0.9) μg·L-1·h-1, after 0.8(0.4,1.5) μg·L-1·h-1;ALD: before (393±122) pmol/L, after (360±97) pmol/L] and PHEO [PRA: before 0.3(0.1,0.9) μg·L-1·h-1, after 0.4(0.1,1.6) μg·L-1·h-1;ALD: before (396±108) pmol/L, after (374±114) pmol/L], lower levels of PRA and higher levels of ALD before and after CCT were observed in PA patients [PRA: before 0.1 (0.1,0.2) μg·L-1·h-1, after 0.1 (0.1,0.2) μg·L-1·h-1;ALD: before (468±216) pmol/L;after (457±199) pmol/L].After CCT, the suppression rate of ALD [2.8% (-8.8%,15.4%) vs 6.6% (-4.3%, 17.6%)] and increasing rate of PRA [0(0,50%) vs 50%(0, 200%)] in PA patients were lower than those in EH patients.The ALD/PRA ratio (ARR) were higher in PA than that in EH or PHEO patients.In the EH subjects, ALD levels of seated posture were higher than those of recumbent posture both before and after receiving captopril, but with no changes in ARR after CCT.No significant differences in ALD and ARR (before and after receiving captopril) were observed between seated and recumbent position in the PA group.The ARR after CCT tended to decrease in EH subjects with elevated urine-sodium compared with those with normal urine-sodium.No changes could be viewed in ALD and PRA levels between normal urine-sodium and elevated urine-sodium groups among APA, IHA and EH patients either before or after CCT.Among patients with APA, the ALD levels before CCT and the ARR after CCT were lower in the patients with AngiotensionⅡ(AngⅡ) reactive than those without.A ROC curve analysis suggested that the optimal cutoff value was 46.2 (ALD unit:ng/dl;PRA unit:μg·L-1·h-1) for ARR after challenge in diagnosing PA, with the sensitivity of 88.7% and specificity of 84.8%.Conclusions ARR after 25 mg captopril had high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of PA with the cutoff of 46.2.Seated CCT could replace recumbent CCT as a more confirmatory test.The PRA increasing rate should be taken into consideration when diagnosis of PA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between serum HBV DNA loads and liver histology damage in the patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSThe retrospective study was performed. The 514 patients were divided into two groups according to the HBeAg status and the HBeAg positive group was as control. The relationship among HBV DNA loads, live histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages was analyzed.

RESULTSThe HBV DNA loads in HBeAg-negative group and HBeAg-positive group were (5.38 +/- 1.27) log10 copies/ml and (6.80 +/- 1.18) log10 copies/ml respectively (P < 0.001). The inflammation grades and fibrosis stages of liver tissues in HBeAg-negative group were all significantly higher than those in HBeAg-positive group (P < 0.001). In HBeAg-negative group, HBV DNA loads displayed a positive correlation with the inflammation grades and fibrosis stages of liver tissues (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONIn the patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, HBV viral loads are lower than those with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, and HBV viral loads display a positive correlation with liver the inflammation grades and fibrosis stages of liver tissues.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; immunology ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Serologic Tests ; Viral Load ; immunology ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of PEG-interferon alpha (PEG-IFN alpha) treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and HBV genotypes and liver tissues effect of HBeAg seroconversion.

METHODS54 cases confirmed by liver biopsy, genotype clear HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients according to body weight, respectively, subcutaneous injection of PEG-IFN-alpha2a 135 microg or 180 microg, or PEG-IFN-alpha2b 50 microg, 80 microg or 100 microg once weekly treatment for 48 weeks and followed for 24 weeks after discontinuation. Statistics of HBeAg seroconvertion, HBV genoty pes and liver histology e antigen seroconversion after the end of treatment.

RESULTS54 patients were followed up at the end of HBeAg seroconversion rate was 29.63% (16/54). Genotype B patients with HBeAg seroconversion rate was 35.29%, 27.03% higher than the C-type patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (chi2 = 0.382, P = 0.537). Inflammation of the liver activity highter ( > G2) , the degree of fibrosis heavier ( > S1) HBeAg seroconversion rate (50.00% vs. 25.00%, 40.90% vs. 21.88%), but were not statistically significant (chi2 = 1.391, 1.444, P = 0.238, 0.229). Activity of HBV genotype, liver inflammation, liver fibrosis and other factors by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, only liver inflammation activity of the important factors of HBeAg seroconversion.

CONCLUSIONImportant factors, liver inflammation activity of PEG-interferon alpha treatment of HBeAg-position chronic hepatitis B patients and HBV genotypes and liver fibrosis may be of little significance.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; pathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEIn order to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control, analyzing the epidemic characteristics and laws of influenza outbreaks in Xuzhou area during 2005-2011.

METHODUsing fluorescent-PCR method to detect influenza virus nucleic acid on Nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from influenza outbreak cases during 2005-2011 and fast classifying influenza virus A1 (H1N1), A3 (H3N2), new H1N1 BV (Victoria) and BY (Yamagate) on subtypes. At the same time, isolating the influenza virus with MDCK cells, and sending them to the National Influenza Center for review, after the preliminary identification of the isolated influenza virus.

RESULTSDuring 2005-2011, there are 53 influenza outbreaks in Xuzhou area, which caused by influenza virus subtype BV accounting for 26.42% (14/53), A3 accounting for 49.1% (26/53), A3 and A1 mixture accounting for 3.77% (2/53) and the new H1N1 accounting for 20.75% (11/53). The outbreaks in 2007 and 2009 mainly caused by A3, and show that the winter spring (January) and summer autumn (September) as two popular peaks during 2005-2011; BV mainly causes the outbreaks from Feb. to Jun.

CONCLUSIONIn Xuzhou area, since the winter of 2005, influenza virus subtype BV, the A3, and new H1N1 has alternately as mainly predominant strain, caused local influenza outbreaks. In which BV has increased trend year by year during 2005-2011. The students in primary and secondary schools are the major crowd of influenza outbreaks. Fluorescent-PCR detection methods could be a preferred method for reliable and rapid diagnostic of epidemic influenza outbreaks.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Public Health Surveillance ; Seasons ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and subtypes of influenza viruses in Xuzhou city from 2005 to 2011 and to provide the scientific supports for influenza prevention and control in this religion.

METHODSThe throat swab samples were collected from the influenza-like cases from national influenza like illness sentinel hospital in Xuzhou. The samples were used for influenza virus isolation and identification, sent on the national flu center to confirm according to the "national influenza surveillance program" and "influenza virus and experimental technology".

RESULTSFrom Oct. 2005 to Dec. 2011, a total of 9561 swab specimens were collected in which 1152 strains were identified for influenza viruses with total isolated rate of 12.0%. Among these strains, 708 strains were A1 (H1N1) subtype (14.2%), 466 strains were A3 (H3N2) subtype (40.5%), 78 strains were new H1N1 subtype (6.8%), 362 strains were BV (Victoia) subtype (31.4%) and 82 strains were BY (Yamagate) subtype (7.1%). The top detection rate (25.9%) arose in 2007, secondary detection rate (17.4%) occurred at 2009 and the lowest one (2.3%) appeared in 2011. From the winter of 2005 to the spring of 2006 A1 (H1N1) subtype had appeared as predominant strains but in the winter of 2006 the predominant strains were BV subtype. It changed to A3 subtype in 2007 to 2009 and the other three dominant strains were A1, BV and BY in 2008. In the winter of 2009, both A3 (H3N2) and new H1N1 subtype were predominant strains. BV subtype was predominant strains in 2010 to 2011. The prevalence of A3 subtype appeared in all the year while prevalence of BV only arose in the spring and winter. So the detection rate was high in January (34.4%) but low in August (2.2%). The influenza population is correlated with age, the highest detection rate arose in 5-age group and the lowest detection rate appeared in 25-age group.

CONCLUSIONInfluenza subtype A1, A3, New H1N1 are all appeared as predominant strains in Xuzhou city from 2005 to 2010. Besides, the prevalence of BV subtype is stronger in recently.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Public Health Surveillance ; Seasons ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo conduct an etiological molecular epidemiological survey and laboratory test on a foodborne disease epidemic outbreak to make clear of the cause and implement effective prevention and control on it.

METHODSOn May 12th 2012, 135 kindergarten children were sent to Xuzhou City People's Hospital and Children's Hospital with gastrointestinal infection disease. A total of 34 anus swab samples and 4 vomit samples were collected from the patients. Real-time PCR rapid detection, strains separation and cultivation, phage lysis experiments, ATB automated identification system were used to make etiological detection and identification. The genomic DNA of salmonella enteritidis were typed with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), cluster analysis were carried out together with the patterns of local Salmonella infections.

RESULTSChildren in 20 classes were suffered from the gastrointestinal infection among the 21 classes. There were no significant aggregation of class distribution. Among the 135 patients, 76 were boys (56.3%) and 59 were girls (43.7%). The main symptoms were fever (above 38°C), diarrhea and bellyache. Through real-time PCR detection and strains separation, 19 salmonella enteritidis were isolated from 34 anus swab samples of suspected cases and the detection rate was 56%. There were no strains detected from vomit samples. All of the 19 salmonella enteritidis showed the same serological subtype, biochemical reaction, drug sensitivity and phage lysis pattern. The salmonella enteritidis had the identical PFGE pattern (100% similarity), and were different from the pattern of local sporadic infection cases.

CONCLUSIONIt was confirmed that this was an epidemic outbreak of foodborne disease caused by homologous salmonella enteritidis by epidemiological survey, clinical information, lab etiological test and molecular typing.

Bacteriophage Typing ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Salmonella Food Poisoning ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Salmonella enteritidis ; classification ; isolation & purification

Bone Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Epidermal Cyst ; etiology ; surgery ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; complications