Objective To discuss the clinical application of noninvasive positive pressure ventila-tion for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a result of cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia after renaltransplantation. Methods There were 371 renal transplan-tation from March 2003 to October 2006, 27 patients were diagnosed as CMV pneumonia postopera-tion. Ten patients were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation within the 11 patients who aggravated to ARDS. The clinical data of before and after mechanical ventilation were reviewed. Results Among patients received noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, 1 died of complication. Seven patients were cured by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Significant difference of the physiological index presented between the 7 patients cured with noninvasive positive pressure ventila-tion before and after the use of ventilation(P<0.05), and significant difference of the renal function also existed(P<0.05). Conclusion The major value of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is to correct the hypoxemia.

Objective To evaluate the safety and validity of an early steroid withdrawal protocol including cyclosporine (CsA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Methods Between September 2000 and April 2008, the prospective, randomized study design was used in 80 middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients. Steroid withdrawal group (n=39) with primary cadaveric kidney transplants received a protocol consisting of CsA 4～6 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) beginning at postoperative day 3, MMF 0. 75 g twice a day from the next postoperative day, and methylprednisolone (MP) 500 mg daily from day 0 to 3. Then prednisone (Pred) 20 mg daily was gradually tapered and withdrawn after postoperative day 30. Conventional steroid treatment group (control group, n=41) received a regimen consisting of CsA, MMF and MP, and Pred 20 mg daily. Pred was tapered to 5 mg daily over a period of 6 months, then maintained thereafter. Outcome parameters were patient and graft survival rates, renal function, acute rejection ( AR), arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus, weight gain and infection. Results The incidence of AR in the steroid withdrawal group was similar to the control group (23. 1% vs. 19. 5%, χ~2=0. 15,P>0. 05). Patient survival rates at 12, 24, 36 months were 97. 4%, 94. 8% and 88.0% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 97.6%, 97.6 and 87.8% in the control group, respectively (χ~2=0. 17, P>0. 05). And graft survival rates were 94. 9%, 88. 6% and 83. 7% in the steroid withdrawal group and were 95. 1%, 91. 5% and 79. 5% in control group, respectively (χ~2 = 0.07, P>0. 05). Conclusions In middle aged and elderly renal transplant patients, early steroid withdrawal is feasible and may not significantly increase the risk of acute rejection episodes.

OBJECTIVETo construct the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-RGC32 and evaluate the effect of the response gene to complement-32 (RGC32) on cell cytoskeleton in vitro.

METHODSThe full-length cDNA of RGC32 was obtained by RT-PCR and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0 to generate the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-RGC32. After transfection of the recombinant plasmid into SW480 cells, the expression of RGC32 in the cells was detected by Western blotting. The cytoskeleton of SW480 cells was visualized before and after the transfection, and the changes in the cell migration ability was assessed by wound-healing assay.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-RGC32 was successfully constructed. The expression of RGC32 was significantly increased in SW480 cells after transfection with pcDNA3.0-RGC32. Before the transfection, the microfilaments of SW480 cells were few and short without obvious polarity, but after the transfection, the microfilaments were increased and elongated with also an obvious polarity, and the invasive structures of lamellae and lamellipodia occurred. The migration ability of the cells was enhanced after transfection with pcDNA3.0-RGC32.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of RGC32 can cause the reorganization of cytoskeleton and promotes the cell migration, which can be an important mechanism of RGC32 in promoting cancer metastasis.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cytoskeleton ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Muscle Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To compare the prophylactic efficacy of combination of ganciclovir and acy- clovir or acyclovir alone against cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.Methods A to- tal of 217 renal transplant recipient(124 men and 93 women;mean age,32 years;age range,16-72 years) were divided into 3 groups randomly.In 51 cases,acyclovir was taken orally at a dose of 400 mg,3/d,from the third d to 3 months after transplantation.In 74 cases,ganciclovir was administered at a dose of 250 mg/d intravenously from the 21st d to 27th d to replace Acyclovir.In 92 cases,no prophylaxis against eytomegalov- irus pneumonia was performed.All patients were followed 3 months after transplantation.Comparison of the incidence rates of cytomegalovirus pneumonia among the 3 groups was performed using Fisher's exact test. Results Cytomegalovirus pneumonia developed in 20 cases in the 3 groups,including 4 cases(5.4%) in combined use group,2 cases(3.9%)in acyclovir alone group,and 14 cases(15.2%)in control group. Significant difference existed between the 2 experimental and control groups(P＜0.05).However,no signifi- cant difference existed between the 2 experimental groups(P＞0.05).Of the 20 cases,17(85.0%)were cured,and 3 died of respiratory failure.Conclusions Ganciclovir and acyclovir have prophylactic effect a- gainst cytomegalovirus pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.These 2 medications are inexpensive,and the patients have good compliance.

Objective To develop a candidate reference method for the measurement of progesterone in human serum.Methods The serum sample is mixed with the internal standard [3,4-~(13)C_2] progesterone.After extraction with n-hexane and purified by a aqueous solution of 2-Hydroxypropyl-?- cyclodextrin (HP-?-CD),the serum progesterone and labeled progesterone are converted to the 3-enol heptafluorobutyrate and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring.The concentration of serum progesterone is calculated by bracketing method.Results The results gave coefficients of variation (CVs) of 0.69% to 2.12%.The analytical recoveries ranged from 98.3% to 100.1%.The results of measuring certified reference materials of serum progesterone are agree with the target value.Conclusion The procedure for measuring progesterone in serum is a highly accurate and precise method and may be used as a candidate reference method for serum progesterone assays.

The genome of CK/CH/SD09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBV in China. Twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of CK/CH/SD09/005. The nucleotide sequence of CK/CH/SD09/005 was compared with reference IBV strains retrieved from GenBank. The phylogenic relationship between CK/CH/SD09/005 and the reference strains was analyzed based on S1 gene sequences. The complete genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 consisted of 27691 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly A tail. The whole-genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 shared 97 - 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the GX-NN09032 strain, which was the only complete genome that was closely related to CK/CH/SD09/005. When compared with all reference strains except GX-NN09032, CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest similarity to ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 (QX-like) in the replicase gene (Gene 1) and 3'UTR, with a sequence identity rate of 97% and 98%, respectively. However, CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited lower levels of similarity with ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 in S-3a-3b-3c/ E-M-5a-5b-N with a sequence identity of 72% - 90%. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest level of nucleotide identity with Korean strain 1011, and Chinese strains CK/CH/LXJ/02I, DK/CH/HN/ZZ2004 and YX10, in ORF 3c/E (97%), 5a (96%), 5b (99%) and N (96%), respectively. ORFs 3a, 3b and M of CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited no more than 90% homology with the reference strains, excluding GX-NN09032. The phylogenic analysis based on the S1 gene revealed that CK/CH/SD09/005 and 39 published strains were classified into seven clades (genotypes). CK/CH/SD09/005 was distributed in clade IV with several isolates collected between 2007 and 2012. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed 66% - 69% and 72% - 81% nucleotide identities with the IBV strains of other six clades in the S1 and S2 subunits, respectively. More over, multiple substitutions were found throughout the entire S gene of CK/CH/SD09/005, while insertions and deletions were located within the S1 gene. These results indicated that CK/CH/SD09/005 is a novel variant that may be derived from the QX-like strains that are prevalent in China. Multiple genetic mechanisms, including recombinations, mutations, insertions and deletions, are likely to have contributed to the emergence of this IBV strain.
Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genomics ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective To observe the anatomic and imaging morphology ofjugnlar bulb and its relationship with the surrounding structures, and to investigate the classification ofjugnlar bulb and its clinical significance. Methods We dissected 30 human temporal bones and studied multi-slice spiral CT imaging data of temporal bone of 120 cases and blood vessel cast mould specimen of the jugular bulb of 6 cases, to observe the morphology of jugnlar bulb and its spatial relationship with the surrounding structures. We made an imagined sagittal plane on the medial well of the tympanic cavity, with a horizontal tangent line of the proximal wall of the tympanic cavity and a vertical tangent line of the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity as coordinate axes (X axis and Y axis), respectively, so the 4 quadrants ( Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅳ) were formed. The jugular bulb was classified intro 4 types according to the quadrant where its top was projected and subtyped according to its position on the inner or outer side of the plane. The operation via mastoid approach was simulated on specimen to observe the effect of jugnlar bulb on the operation route. Results Some jugular bulbs were flat type and others were prominent types. The classification in the group of CT image: type Ⅰ , 11 case (9%);type Ⅱ, 63 cases (53%);type Ⅲ, 25 cases (21%);type Ⅳ, 21cases (17%). The classification in the group of specimen: type Ⅰ, 1 case (3%);type Ⅱ, 11 cases (37%);type Ⅲ, 8 cases (27%);type Ⅳ, 10 cases (33%). Each type of the jugular bulb had different effects on the operative approach. Conclusions The classification method with the 4 quadrants is a simple and three-dimensional way to describe the position of the jugular bulb for imaging diagnosis or operative scheme design.

A binary plant expression vector, pCM12-slm, carrying the aroAM12 mutant gene encoding bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and the Bts1m recombinant gene consisting of 331 N-terminal amino acids of CryIAc and 284 C-terminal amino acids of CryIAb has been constructed. The truncated Bts1 gene was fused with the PR1b signal peptide sequence and expressed in tobacco plants under the control of 2E-CaMV35S promoter and the omega (omega) translation enhancer sequence from tobacco mosaic virus. The mutant aroAM12 was fused with the transit sequence of tobacco EPSPS and expressed in tobacco plants under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. Tobacco leaves were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the pCM12-slm plasmid, and the transgenic plants were selected directly on medium containing the herbicide. Forty glyphosate resistant plants were regenerated, with a transformation frequency of 27%. Transgenic plants were initially assessed for glyphosate resistance by placing leaf discs on shoot induction media containing the herbicide. Rooted plantlets, propagated from selected transgenic tobacco, were transferred to soil in a greenhouse and tested for glyphosate resistance by spraying them with Roundup at a commercial recommended dose. The glyphosate resistance assay indicated that all the transgenic plants showed highly resistant to the herbicide. The PCR assay showed that the aroAM12 gene was present in all of the 40 T0 transfer plants, and Bts1m genes present in 28 of 40 of the transgenic plants. Southern blot analysis further confirmed that the copy number of the transgenes varied from one to three copies in different transgenic plants. Northern blot and immunodot blot showed that the aroAM12 and Bts1m genes were expressed at the transcription and translation levels. Transgenic plants containing both the aroA M12 and Bts1m genes were further assessed for insect resistance. Tobacco leaves of T0 transgenic plants were infested with tobacco bollworm H. assulta larvae for 6 days. The result (table 1) showed that the survival rate of insect larvae was between 0-10%, and the growth of insect larvae was seriously inhibited, suggesting pCM12-slm as a dual functional vector with potential application in breeding of glyphosate and insect resistance transgenic plants.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; physiology ; Herbicides ; pharmacology ; Moths ; pathogenicity ; Plant Diseases ; parasitology ; Plant Leaves ; drug effects ; genetics ; parasitology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; drug effects ; genetics ; parasitology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tobacco ; drug effects ; genetics ; parasitology

BACKGROUNDTo construct recombinant retroviral vector expressing HBcAg in eukaryotic cells.

METHODSThe HBV core gene fragment was amplified by using PCR from pADR which contains complement nucleotide sequence of HBV subtype adr and cloned into retroviral expression plasmid pLXSN, then transfected into packing cell (PT67) with lipofec AMINE. After 2-3 weeks selection with G418, large colonies were isolated and transferred to individual plates. Virus-containing medium was collected and used to infect NIH3T3, EL4 and mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells(DC). DNA was extracted from infected cells and tested by PCR. Indirect immunofluorescence and FACS were used to detect the expression of HBcAg. Cell mediated immunity of immunized C57BL/6 mice with transduced DC was analyzed.

RESULTSThe insertion of HBV core gene fragment in the recombinant retroviral plasmid was confirmed by PCR as well as enzyme digestion with EcoR1 and BamH2. The viral titer reached 3 x 10(5) CFU/ml. The result of PCR showed that the HBV core gene had been integrated into the genome of infected NIH3T3 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and FACS analysis showed that HBcAg had been expressed in these cells. HBcAg specific CTL responses could be generated in mice immunized with retrovirus transduced DC.

CONCLUSIONSHBV core gene had been integrated into eukaryotic cells with retroviral vector and target gene had been expressed efficiently. These results may have some impact on gene therapy of chronic hepatitis B.

3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dendritic Cells ; metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic ; genetics ; Retroviridae ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To discuss the different clinical features and prognosis of single cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and multiple CVT. Methods The site and the number of vein and thrombosed sinuses of 136 patients with CVT were summarized. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the numbers of thrombosed sinuses. The clinical features and outcome of the patients with single CVT were analyzed in comparison with those with multiple CVT by univariate analysis. Results In 44 patients (32.4%), only 1 cerebral sinus was involved. In 92 patients (67.6%), 2 or more cerebral veins and sinuses were involved (2 sinuses in 45, 3 sinuses in 35, 4 sinuses in 9, 5 sinuses in 3). The lateral sinus and the sigmoid sinus were the most frequent thrombosed sinuses which were found in 86.8% of patients; the followings were superior sagittal sinus (58.1%), straight sinus (18.4%) , deep venous system (7.4%), and cortical veins (2.9%). Mean ages were significantly older but the short-term prognosis was better in the group of patients with single CVT in comparison with those in the group of patients with multiple CVT. The patients with multiple CVT also presented more serious intracranial hypertension, more frequent parenchymal lesions and systematic thrombotic events than those with single CVT (P＜0.05). Conclusion In most CVT patients, 2 or more veins and sinuses are involved and thromboses most commonly implicate the lateral sinus and the superior sagittal sinus. Patients with multiple CVT usually present higher intracranial pressure, more serious clinical course, worse outcome and higher incidence of systematic venous thrombotic events in comparison with patients with single CVT. And the multiple sinus thrombosis is more likely to cause venous infarctions and intracranial hemorrhage than the single one.