[Objective]To explore the relationship between peripheral arterial disease(PAD)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes patients.[Methods]A total of 99 patients diagnosed with PAD were classified into grade 1-3 by their total scores of peripheral arterial stenosis assessed by color doppler ultrasound examinations,where the degree of stenosis 30% ~ 49% scored 0, 50%~99%scored 1,lumen occlusion(i.e. degree of stenosis 100%)scored 2,and therefore the total score 0-2 was categorized into Grade 1 ,3~4 into Grade 2 ,5~12 into Grade 3. The bilateral anterior tibial artery ,posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery of these patients were analyzed. The presence of diabetic retinopathy(DR)was graded from retinal photographs using a standard protocol.[Results]Among 99 cases of type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease ,58.6%of them were male with average age of 67.3 ± 7.9 years old. Patients of Grade 1,Grade2,Grade 3 lesion accounted for 45.4%,30.3%,24.2%,respectively. Age, gender,smoking history,SBP,DBP,BMI,FBG,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,HbA1C among 3 groups were not statistically signifi-cant. The associations of DM duration and HbA1C value were significantly larger in DR than in PAD. The proportion of DR patients increased with the severity degree of PAD(p for trend=0.004). Degree of stenosis Grade 2 and Grade 3 could be predictive for DR.[Conclusions]DR is associated with the severity degree of PAD in type 2 diabetes patients as evaluated by duplex ultrasonography.Degree of stenosis Grade 2 and 3 could be used for screening or finding DR. Strategies for optimum treatment and early prevention are needed.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA)in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).Methods The serum ACA- IgM and ACA-IgG in 175 cases of renal diseases and 50 healthy cases were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The positive rates of ACA were calculated and compared among different groups.Results The positive rates of ACA-IgM and ACA-IgG in control group were both 0 (0/50),while they were 85.2%(46/54)and 24.1%(13/54)respectively in patients with HERS. 25.0%(13/52)and 21.2%(11/52)respectively in patients with lupus nephritis and 13.0%(9/69) and 8.7%(6/69)respectively in patients with nephrotic syndrome.The poshive rate of ACA lgM in patients with HFRS was higher than that in control group,lupus nephritis group and nephritic syn- drome group(P

BACKGROUND:In the treatment of tibial plateau fractures, because of the variety of fracture, the complexity of anatomical changes, X-ray films or three-dimensional CT scan limited by two-dimensional plane, increases the difficulty in preoperative plan and surgical treatment. The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has attracted attention in the department of orthopedics. OBJECTIVE:To explore the auxiliary role of 3D printing technique in preoperative plan and treatment for tibial plateau fractures. METHODS:Thirty patients with tibial plateau comminuted fractures were enroled in this study and divided into two groups: experimental and control groups, with 15 patients in each group. In the experimental group, patients underwent 3D CT scan, which was stored in DICOM format, and processed by Mimics software. Data were converted into STL format, entered 3D printer, and a 1:1 entity size of the fracture model was made, in accordance with repair plan of 3D fracture model. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. At 12 months after treatment, their outcomes were assessed using Rasmussen evaluation criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 3D printing fracture models of 1:1 ratio identified fracture type and made a repair program before surgery in the experimental group. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly less in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After surgery, patients were folowed up for 12 to 18 months. The healing time was 3-5 months, averagely 4.3 months. At 12 months after treatment, the Rasmussen evaluation criteria results showed that the excelent and good rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the fracture model of 3D can help to make the operation plan. The treatment of tibial plateau fractures is more precise, personalized and visual.

OBJECTIVETo observe mainfestations of syndrome and biochemical indices of hypertensive model rats with excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness syndrome (EAPDS), and to explore its possible pathological mechanism.

METHODSEAPDS rat model was prepared in 50 Wistar rats by feeding with high fat forage. Meanwhile, a normal control group consisting of 10 Wistar rats was set up by feeding with normal forage. After 25-week continuous feeding, 22 rats with body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) exceeding 25% those of the control group were selected as a model group. BW, BP, blood lipids, and related serological indicators were detected in all rats. Morphological changes of target organs were observed. mRNA expression levels of leptin receptor (LepR), Janus kinase2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (P13K), serine threonine kinase (Akt), nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κBp65), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α (IKKα), NF-kappa-B inhibitor β (lKKβ), NF-kappa-B inhibitor α (IKBα), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Expression levels of AT1 and LepR in aorta were detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, BW, BP, and blood lipids increased; serum levels of leptin (Lep) , Ang II, Hcy, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and p2-MG increased, but NO decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Aortal endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred in the model group, accompanied with heart and renal injury. Compared with the control group, mRNA expression levels of LepR, Jak2, Stat3, Socs3, AT1 , PI3K, Akt, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IKBα, and AMPK in aorta were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05), while the expression of IKKa decreased (P < 0.05). Immunohistochem- ical staining showed, brownish yellow deposit of AT1 and LepR was obviously increased, with more extensively positive distribution. Western blot results showed, as compared with the control group, protein expression levels of AT1 and LepR obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSModel rats exhibited typical syndromes of EAPDS. They put up weight with fat abdomen, gloomy hair, poor appetite, hypersomnia, lowered activities , reduced food intake, loose stool, dark red tongue, white tongue with white, thick, greasy fur. Lep could be taken as one of objective indicators for evaluating hypertension rat model with EAPDS.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-6 ; Leptin ; blood ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND:Titanium and titanium aloy are used mostly in artificial joints, fracture fixation, and oral transplantation, while there are complex cases of insufficient bone mass in these areas. The deepened research of stem cels offers a solution for bone injury to promote new bone formation. The biocompatibility of titanium and stem cels and optimization of titanium surface modification have aroused people's attention. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the biocompatibility of titanium and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels can be improved by type I colagen modification of titanium sheets. METHODS:The experiment was divided into two groups. Modification group: titanium sheet was modified with type I colagen; control group: titanium sheet was not modified with type I colagen. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels at passage 6 were implanted into titanium sheet in two groups. Then we calculated the number of adherent cels in two groups at 1, 2 and 4 hours after implantation, and compared the celladhesion rate. MTT assay was used to observe the proliferation of cels on titanium sheet at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after implantation. DNA and protein content of cels were detected at 3, 6, 9 days after implantation. The growth of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels seeded upon the titanium sheets was observed under scanning electron microscope at 6 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When the cels were cultured for 1 hour and 2 hours, the number of adherent cels in the modification group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). The absorbance of cels in two groups was increased as the culture time, as detected by MTT assay. The modification group had a significantly higher absorbance value than the control group at 4, 6, 8 days (P < 0.05). DNA and protein contents of the cels in the modification group were higher than that in control group at 6 and 9 days (P < 0.05). At 6 days, the number of adherent cels and secretion of adherent stromal cellmatrix in the modification group were significantly better than that in control group, observed by scanning electron microscopy. Type I colagen modified titanium sheets have good surface activity and biocompatibility, and can promote the proliferation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cels.

Objective Negative pressure aspirator clogging ( OSAC) frequently occurs in orthopedic surgery .This study was to investigate the frequency , location , and mechanisms of OSAC in China by analysis of the current status and clinical observation of OSAC so as to provide evidence for the solution of the problem . Methods Using the two-stage random sampling method , we conduc-ted a questionnaire survey on OSAC among 738 clinical orthopedists during the 16th and 17th Chinese Orthopedic Association Confer-ences.Totally, 160 out 1200 orthopedic surgeries were randomly selected in the time order of operation , including 38 cases of total hip arthroplasty ( THA) , 39 cases of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) , 43 cases of extremity and spinal fractures surgery , and 40 cases of other orthopedic surgeries .We also obtained the satisfaction scores with the existing aspirators from related medical professionals . Results Among the 738 respondents included into the analysis , 706 (95.7%) thought that OSAC often occurred during surgery , 631 (85.5%) considered THA to be the leading cause of OSAC , and 714 (96.7%) regarded the tip and hose joint of the aspirator as the common causes . The mean satisfaction score with the existing aspirators was 7.62 ±0.74.Clinical observation showed the mean frequency of OSAC to be 2.55 ±1.62 in THA, 1.95 ±1.33 in TKA, 1.52 ±1.18 in extremity and spinal fracture surgeries , and 0.95 ± 0.68 in other orthopedic surgeries , and the satisfaction score to be 7.36 ±0.84. Conclusion OSAC has a high incidence rate during orthopedic surgeries in China , thus affecting orthopedic surgery and reducing orthopedists'satisfaction with the aspirators . The current negative pressure aspirator system demands prompt improvement .

Objective To investigate the protective effect of dexamethasone on stress response induced by intraute-rine balloon aortic valvuloplasty (IUBAV) in a fetal lamb model. Methods Twenty-four near term twin pregnant goats were randomly assigned to control group (n=12) and dexamethasone group (intracardiac injection of dexamethasone) (n=12). Ultrasound guided IUBAV model was established. According to the combination of treatment and operation, 48 fetal lambs were divided into four groups. The following parameters were dynamically monitored by ultrasound, which were fetal and neonatal heart rate (HR), cardiac rhythm, aortic resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). On established IUBAV model, blood samples and liver tissue specimens were taken from fetal/neonatal goats for detection of blood glucose (Glu), lactate acid (LA), plasma epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (Cort), hepatic glycogen staining. Results IUBAV resulted in increased values of Glu, LA, E, NE and Cort levels, and decreased pH value, there were significant differences between pre-and 3h-post procedure (P<0.05), and significant differences were also existed in these values between pre-and 3d-post procedure (P<0.05). After administrating dexamethasone, the changes of Glu, LA, E, NE, Cort and pH levels were suppressed effectively. Fetal hepatic glycogen was consumed in large amounts due to IUBAV while recovered 3 days after IUBAV by glycogen staining. After administrating dexamethasone, hepatic glycogen consumption related to IUBAV was obviously inhibited. After IUBAV, fetal aortic RI was increased, and there was significant differences compared with pre-procedure (P<0.05). Up to 3d-post procedure, the values of RI recovered to some extent, but statistical difference was exist-ed compared with pre-procedure (P<0.05). After administrating of dexamethasone, increased aortic RI was effectively sup-pressed. Conclusions IUBAV could lead to reversible stress response and increased aortic RI in a fetal lamb model which could be alleviated by dexamethasone.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the levels of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-?(PPAR-?)mRNA,MMP-9 with the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods One hundred and fifty three patients with CHD who underwent coronary angiography were admitted.The expression of PPAR-?mRNA in lymphocytes of peripheral blood was detected by using RT-PCR,the level of MMP-9 enzyme was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorent assay,and the severity of coronary artery lesions were analyzed. Results As compared with control(0.624-0.13),PPAR-?mRNA expression was significantly lower in CHD patients(0.4+0.12).Negative correlation was found between PPAR-?mRNA and the classification(r=-0.56,P＜0.01)of coronary artery lesions,so was the number of coronary artery lesions(r=-0.42,P＜0.01).MMP-9 level was significantly higher in CHD patients(1.27?0.16)?g/L than that in controls(1.21?0.05)?g/L.Positive correlation was found between MMP-9 level and the classification(r=0.36,P＜0.01)of coronary artery lesions,so was the number of coronary artery lesions(r=0.30,P＜0.01).Negative correlation was also found between PPAR-?mRNA expression and MMP-9 level.Conclusions PPAR-?is a negative regulator of coronary artery lesions and PPAR-?inhibits the activation of MMP-9.It may be a valuable method for protecting patients from the incident of coronary artery disease to activate the expression of PPAR-?and decrease the level of MMP-9.

OBJECTIVETo observe the histological and ultrastructural changes of the skin and hair follicles following hair removal by alexandrite laser in Tibet mini-pigs.

METHODSTwelve healthy Tibet mini-pigs with dark hair were treated with alexandrite laser for hair removal. The skin specimens were taken immediately and at 1 h and 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 days after the laser treatment for observation under optical and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSLaser hair removal resulted in extensive coagulation necrosis, carbonization and falling of the subcutaneous hair shafts, and some of the cells in the outer root sheath and hair bulb underwent degenerative and necrotic changes. One hour after laser treatment, the cells in the outer root sheath and bulb exhibited nuclear condensation, fragmentation and or karyolysis characteristic of cell apoptosis. The cell apoptosis reached the peak level on day 3 after the laser exposure, accompanied by endothelial degeneration in the hair papilla vessels, edema and lymphocyte infiltration in the dermal tissues. Tissue reaction and inflammation were relieved on day 5, and the dermal tissue and follicles recovered their normal structures on day 10. At 60 days after the treatment, the hair follicles decreased markedly but the structure of the residue follicles remained normal.

CONCLUSIONAlexandrite laser exposure results in selective destruction of the follicles by inducing direct coagulation and cell apoptosis to achieve permanent hair removal. Tibet mini-pigs with black hair can be used as the animal model of clinical laser hair removal.

Animals ; Hair Follicle ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Hair Removal ; methods ; Lasers, Solid-State ; therapeutic use ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Swine ; Tibet

OBJECTIVEAngiotensin II is an important pro inflammation factor in the cardiovascular system. This experiment is aimed to study the effects of angiotensin II on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human umbilical endothelial cells.

METHODSHuman umbilical endothelial cells were cultured in vitro and treated with angiotensin II alone or in combination with AT1, AT2 and NF-kappaB inhibitors respectively. The inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions at protein and mRNA levels were measured with Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the activity of NF-kappaB was analyzed with EMSA.

RESULTSAngiotensin II up-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions at the protein and mRNA levels at 5 h (P < 0.05), the activity of NF-kappaB was enhanced at 2 h (P < 0.05). These effects could be blocked by AT1 and NF-kappaB inhibitors but not by AT2 inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONAngiotensin II can upregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase through NF-kappaB pathway in human umbilical endothelial cells. AT1, other than AT2, play a key role in this process.

Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers ; Cell Line ; Endothelial Cells ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; Up-Regulation