Objective:To explore the application value of transrectal ultrasound images classification network model of prostate cancer based on deep learning in the classification of benign and malignant prostate tissue in transrectal ultrasound images.Methods:A total of 1 462 two-dimensional images of transrectal prostate biopsy with clear pathologic results(including 658 images of malignant tumor, 804 images of benign tumor) from 203 patients with suspicious prostate cancer(including 89 cases of malignant tumor, 114 cases of benign tumor) were collected from May 2018 to May 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University. They were divided into the training database, validation database, and test database. And the training and validation database were used to train and obtain the intelligence-assisted diagnosis network model, and then the test database was used to test the network model and two ultrasound doctors of different ages. With pathologic diagnosis as the gold standard, the diagnostic performance among them was evaluated.Results:①The sensitivity of network model was 66.7% the specificity was 91.9%, the accuracy was 80.5%, the precision(positive predictive value) was 87.1%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.922. ②The accuracy of the junior and senior ultrasound doctors was 57.5%, 62.0%; the specificity was 62.0%, 66.3%; the sensitivity was 51.5%, 56.8%; the precision was 53.1%, 58.1%, respectively. ③The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision of classification: the network model > the ultrasound doctors, the differences were significant( P<0.05); the senior ultrasound doctor>the junior ultrasound doctor, the differences were not significant( P>0.05). Conclusions:The intelligence-assisted diagnosis network model based on deep learning can classify benign and malignant prostate tissue in transrectal ultrasound images, improve the accuracy of ultrasound doctors in diagnosing prostate cancer. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of screening for patients with high clinical suspicion of prostate cancer.

Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)were synthesized via a solvothermal method with citric acid and urea as raw materials,and ethylene glycol as reaction solvent.The micromorphology,crystal structure,elemental composition,surface functional group,and optical property of as-synthesized CDs were characterized.The excitation-dependent fluorescence property of CDs was investigated,and the effects of synthesis conditions including reaction temperature,reaction time and raw materials on excitation and emission wavelengths of the CDs were also discussed.Then,a series of CDs-based fluorescent composites were prepared by combining CDs with starch,nano-silica,montmorillonite,kaoline,kieselguhr and magnesium oxide,respectively.Finally,the CDs-starch composites were used for latent fingerprint development on smooth substrates,and the qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation of the contrast,sensitivity and selectivity in fingerprint development were also made.Enhanced development of latent fingerprints was thus achieved by the aid of the excitation-dependent fluorescence property of CDs-starch composite combined with the optical filtering technique,which could decrease the background noise interference to a great extent.Experimental results showed that,the contrast between fingerprint(developing signal)and substrate(background noise)was obvious,exhibiting a strong contrast;the minutiae of papillary ridges were clear,indicating a high sensitivity;the adsorption between CDs-starch composites and fingerprint residues was specific,showing a good selectivity.

A serious of rare earth luminescent micro/nano-materials with various properties were synthesized via chemical method for fluorescent development of latent fingerprints(LFPs).Three evaluation indexes namely contrast,sensitivity and selectivity were introduced to evaluate the effects of LFP development.Quantitative formulas for calculating the contrast,sensitivity and selectivity were further put forward,and a quality evaluation system based on Python was thus established.In addition,the objective evaluation value was finally confirmed to be consistent with the subjective visual judgment.The reproducibility of this evaluation method was finally confirmed.The effects of luminescence intensity and color of developing materials on the contrast,particle size of developing materials on the sensitivity,and micromorphology and surface property of developing materials on the selectivity were discussed in detail.Five effective ways were also proposed to promote the quality of LFP development,such as increasing the luminescence intensity,tuning the luminescence color,decreasing the particle size,adjusting the micromorphology,and modifying the surface property.This quality evaluation system based on Python could evaluate the effects of LFP development objectively,accurately and comprehensively,exhibiting easy operability,high efficiency,sensitive response,accurate and reliable results,and wide applicability,which would provide beneficial references for the reasonable selection of LFP development methods as well as objective evaluation of evidence value.

BACKGROUNDAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) of schizophrenia have been associated with structural and functional alterations of some brain regions. However, the brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) alterations specific to AVHs of schizophrenia remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate ReHo alterations specific to schizophrenic AVHs.

METHODSThirty-five schizophrenic patients with AVH, 41 schizophrenic patients without AVHs, and fifty healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. ReHo differences across the three groups were tested using a voxel-wise analysis.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control group, the two schizophrenia groups showed significantly increased ReHo in the right caudate and inferior temporal gyrus and decreased ReHo in the bilateral postcentral gyrus and thalamus and the right inferior occipital gyrus (false discovery rate corrected, P < 0.05). More importantly, the AVH group exhibited significantly increased ReHo in the left precuneus compared with the non-AVH group. However, using correlation analysis, we did not find any correlation between the auditory hallucination rating scale score and the ReHo of brain regions.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that increased ReHo in the left precuneus may be a pathological feature exclusive to schizophrenic AVHs.

Adult ; Female ; Hallucinations ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe ; physiopathology ; Schizophrenia ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Antipyretics ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Injections ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the different proportions of intermediate epithelial cells in human prostate cancer tissue and their clinical significance.

METHODSWe performed immunohistochemical staining for Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) on 60 samples of human prostate cancer, determined the proportions of intermediate epithelial cells in the cancer tissue, and classified the samples into 2 types, one with a majority of intermediate epithelial cells (CaP-INT, n = 32), and the other composed mostly of luminal epithelial cells (CaP-LUM, n = 28). Then we compared the 2 types of prostate cancer in the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), age of the patient, serum t-PSA, prostate volume, Gleason score, clinical stage, androgen resistance, and incidence of distant metastasis.

RESULTSCaP-INT showed a significantly lower expression of AR ([24.42 +/- 11.41] %) and a higher incidence of distant metastasis (n = 14) than CaP-LUM ([77.21 +/- 10.22] % and n = 4) (P < 0.05). In the CaP-INT group, 6 of the 26 endocrinologically treated cases developed into androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), while in the CaP-LUM group, only 1 out of 23 (P < 0.05). The former also showed remarkably higher clinical stages than the latter (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in age, serum t-PSA, prostate volume and Gleason score between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONA higher proportion of intermediate epithelial cells may lead to increased invasiveness and metastasis of human prostate cancer.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Epithelial Cells ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Receptors, Androgen ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to observe the differences in brain gray matter volume in drug-naive female patients after the first episode of major depression with and without stressful life events (SLEs) before the onset of depression.

METHODSForty-three drug-naive female patients voluntarily participated in the present study after the first major depressive episode. The life event scale was used to evaluate the severity of the impact of SLEs during 6 months before the onset of the major depressive episode. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained, and the VBM and SPM8 software process were used to process and analyze the MRI.

RESULTSCompared to that in patients without SLEs, the volume of brain gray matter was lower in the bilateral temporal lobe, right occipital lobe, and right limbic lobe in the SLE group. However, the gray matter volume did not differ significantly between the two groups after the application of false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the results of the present study suggest the absence of significant differences in brain gray matter volume between female drug-naive patients after the first episode of major depression with and without SLEs after FDR correction, the study provides useful information for exploring the definitive role of stress in the onset of depression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gray Matter ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

Brain ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; physiopathology

Pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a discipline that adopts pharmacokinetic research methods and techniques under the guidance of TCM theories to elucidate the dynamic changes in the absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion of active ingredients,active sites,single-flavour Chinese medicinal and compounded formulas of TCM in vivo.However,the sources and components of TCM are complex,and the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of action of the majority of TCM are not yet clear,so the pharmacokinetic study of TCM is later than that of chemical medicines,and is far more complex than that of chemical medicines,and its development also confronts with challenges.The pharmacokinetic study of TCM originated in the 1950s and has experienced more than 70 years of development from the initial in vivo study of a single active ingredient,to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of active ingredients,to the pharmacokinetic study of compound and multi-component of Chinese medicine.In recent years,with the help of advanced extraction,separation and analysis technologies,gene-editing animals and cell models,multi-omics technologies,protein purification and structure analysis technologies,and artificial intelligence,etc.,the pharmacokinetics of TCM has been substantially applied in revealing and elucidating the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of action of Chinese medicines,research and development of new drugs of TCM,scientific and technological upgrading of large varieties of Chinese patent medicines,as well as guiding the rational use of medicines in clinics.Pharmacokinetic studies of TCM have made remarkable breakthroughs and significant development in theory,methodology,technology and application.In this paper,the history of the development of pharmacokinetics of TCM and the progress of cutting-edge research was reviewed,with the aim of providing ideas and references for the pharmacokinetics of TCM and related research.