Objective To learn healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy of residents living in Xicheng District of Beijing between 2008 and 2012 and to explore the influencing factors of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Methods A total of 1 347 or 2 900 adults aged 18-60 years old were recurited from Xicheng District by using multistage stratified cluster sampling method in 2008 and 2012,respectively.Chisquare test and non-conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the effectiveness of 2-year intervention on healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Results The rate of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was 14.8％ vs.30.8％ in 2008 or 2012,respectively (x2=123.574,P＜0.05).For those with relatively lower education level (e.g.junior high school or below),the figure showed no statistically significant difference (x2=1.378,P＞0.05).In multivariate logistic regression analysis,female (odds ratio (OR)=1.350),education level (college/bachelor degree:OR=2.035,master degree or above:OR=2.554),monthly family income (＞5 000 RMB:OR=1.399) and investigation time (2012:OR=2.278) were influencing factors of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.Conclusion Remarkable improvement in healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy during 2012 as compared to 2008 could be attributed to the comprehensive interventions.In the future,those of low-literacy or low-income should be the mian target of modification of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy.

The penal stipulation to the subject range about crime of illegal medical practice is too narrow,and there is also a great deal of contradictory regulation between Criminal Law and Practicing Physicians Law so it can not achieve the legislation goal.It is essential to revise the 1st section of "Criminal law "336th in order to expand the subject range and standardize the medical service market of our country.

Objective To evaluate health-related quality of life in postpartum women and investigate the associated factors.Methods A questionnaire was designed to investigate the general situation of 419 postpartum women in Beijing,and use MOSSF-36 questionnaire (SF-36)developed by American Medical Outcome Research Group to evaluate and analyze their quality of life.Participants were stratified according to education level,age,occupation or family income and the SF-36 profiles in whole sample or in subgroups were compared.Results There are significant differences among different education level groups in PF and RE categories(both P＜0.05);among different age groups in RP,BP,VT,SF,RE categories (all P＜0.05);and among different occupation groups in PF,VT and SF(all P＜0.05).There is no difference among different income groups in all categories (P＞0.05).Conclusions Different age, occupation,education level,mother's and infant's age and depression play important roles in the quality of life in community postpartum women.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.

Objective To study the differentially expressed genes and analyze its functional pathways of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),in order to discover the pathogenesis and provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods Fetal eyeballs of induced labor were obtained and retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured.The endothelial cells were divided into 7 groups according to the medium of cobalt chloride (CoC12) concentration (0 μ mol/L,100 μ mol/L,150 pμmol/L,200 μmol/L,250 pμmol/L,300 μmol/L,350 μmol/L),and 150 μmol/L CoCl2 was finally used to induce ROP model in vitro.Retinal microvascular endothelial cells were verified by adopting Ⅷ factor and CD31 antibody fluorescence staining.RNA purification,gene chip hybridization and signi-ficant analysis of microarrays were performed to screen differentially expressed genes.Genes functional pathways were studied by using gene ontology analysis software.Results (1) The proliferation activity of vascular endothelial cells decreased when CoCl2 ≥ 150 μmol/L(F =21,P ＜ 0.05).(2) In 150 μmol/L CoC]2 group,blue nucleus and green cytoplasm were visible in the second and the third generation vascular endothelial cells stained by factor Ⅷ antibody,and red fluorescence could also be observed in the cytoplasm by means of CD31 monoclonal antibody staining.However,only blue nucleus was detected in the group without CoCl2.(3)There were 326 genes differently expressed in retinal micro vascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 in vitro,among whom,198 genes were up-regulated and 128 genes were down-regulated.Up-regulated expression genes were 1.5 times more than those of the down-regulated genes.(4)Ten biological pathways including cell hypoxia,angiogenesis suppression and iron ion transport etc.may play important roles in ROP pathogenesis.Conclusions Hypoxic retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 can successfully be used to induce cell model of ROP in vitro.Differentially expressed genes may play an important role in ROP development.Functional pathway such as hypoxic cells,inhibition of angiogenesis,iron ion transport may be associated with ROP pathogenesis.

Public relationship has an outstanding effect on virtue education. Public relationship can regulate behavior, culture noble ethics, coordinate interpersonal relations and improve the ability of society adaptation for medical students. Public relationship can also build up good image of medical students, and improve their comprehensive qualities.

Objective To describe the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among community patients and their family members in Beijing.Methods Accidental sampling method was used in this cross-sectional study to select patients and their family members who visited a community healthcare center in Beijing from June to September 2008.The subjects were required to complete essential information questionnaire,Beck Depression Inventory,Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale.Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to learn the risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Results A total of 2791 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 90.0％.The participants included 1074 males and 1717 females with mean age (36.8±13.1)years old.The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 2.8％ (77/2791) or 1.1％ (30/2791),respectively.The one-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was significantly different among the subjects with different professions (x2=12.512,P=0.006),negative events (x2=53.287,P＜0.001),family history of suicide (x2=103.922,P＜0.001),family history of psychiatry diseases (x2=20.640,P＜0.001),hopelessness (x2=77.337,P＜0.001),depression (x2=135.918,P＜0.001) and anxiety (x2=70.303,P＜0.001).The one-year prevalence of suicidal attempt was statistically different among the subjects with different professions (x2=7.954,P=0.037),family history of psychiatry diseases (x2=6.257,P=0.003),hopelessness (x2=29.838,P＜0.001),depression (x2=21.352,P＜0.001) and anxiety (x2=10.014,P＜0.001).Multivariate logistic analysis found that the most important risk factors of suicidal ideation were depression (for mild,moderate and severe depression:odds ratio (OR) 2.38,5.55 and 16.21,respectively; 95％ confidence internal (CI) 1.07-5.31,2.31-13.37 and 6.93-37.92,respectively),family history of suicide (OR=1 1.68,95％CI 5.03-27.10),hopelessness (for mild,moderate and severe hopelessness:OR 3.65,4.25 and 5.02,respectively; 95％ CI 1.55-8.56,1.70-10.65 and 1.46-17.26,respectively),negative life events (OR=2.25,95％ CI 1.35-4.45).The most important risk factors for suicide attempt were hopelessness (for mild,moderate and severe hopelessness:OR 1.09,5.58 and 7.62,respectively; 95％ CI 0.36-3.34,2.03-15.30 and 1.50-38.72,respectively),depression (for mild,moderate and severe depression:OR 1.08,0.27 and 3.02,respectively; 95％ CI 0.43-2.75,0.03-2.29 and 1.05-8.75,respectively) and family history of psychiatry diseases (OR=3.00,95％CI 1.07-8.46).Conclusions Hopelessness and depression could increase the risk of suicide behaviors.Family clinicians should be trained to identify such risk tactors and provide appropriate mental health intervention.

0.05). The positive rate (46.2%) of EA IgG antibody in MS group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (18.3%, 9.5%)(all P

Objective:To explore the method of building the formative assessment (FA) system in diagnostics teaching and investigate its implementation effect.Methods:We planned and formulated the formative assessment system in diagnostics teaching of undergraduate curriculum. The correlation between the scores of the formative assessment and final exam were analyzed. A questionnaire survey on students' attitudes towards FA and an interview on teachers' perspectives were conducted. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Linear correlation analysis was used to compare the final exam scores with formative assessment scores, and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the scores of questionnaire items.Results:The scores of FA were significantly positive related to the scores of final exam ( r = 0.559, P < 0.001). The questionnaire analysis showed that students significantly valued the formative assessment superior to the summative assessment ( Z = -8.632, P<0.001). It was generally approved of the promotion of FA in students' self-direct learning and self-supervision and the advances in acquirement of knowledge and skills. Conclusion:It is feasible of carrying FA in diagnostics teaching which could provide better learning outcome and might have an extensive prospect of application.

A lactoferrin-containing PEGylated liposome system (Lf-PLS) was developed and tested in vitro as a hepatoma-targeting drug delivery system. PEGylated liposomes (PLS) were successfully prepared using the thin film hydration method with peglipid post insertion. Lf was covalently conjugated onto the carboxyl terminal of DSPE-PEG2000-COOH on liposomes. Coumarin-6 was used to trace Lf-PLS with fluorescence. The cellular uptake of this system was carried out in asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) positive HepG2 cells via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The Lf-PLS liposome was observed as spherical or oval vesicles with the particle size around 130 nm, zeta potential about -30 mV and encapsulation efficiency more than 80%. The confocal microscopy images and flow cytometry data demonstrated that Lf-PLS resulted in significantly higher cell association by ASGPR positive HepG2 cells compared to PLS. The association between Lf-PLS and cells were dependent on the concentration, time and temperature, which was inhibited by pre-incubation with excessive free Lf. The results suggest that Lf-PLS has a good targeting effect on HepG2 cells in vitro. The targeting mechanism may be related to the specific binding of Lf and ASGPR on HepG2 cells, which guides Lf-PLS to the cell surface to induce an active endocytosis process. All these results demonstrated that Lf-PLS might be a potential drug delivery system in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma, which deserves more research on its targeting ability, antitumor efficiency, and metabolism in vivo for treatment of hepatomacellular carcinoma.
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Coumarins ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Endocytosis ; Hep G2 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; pharmacology ; Liposomes ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Particle Size ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Thiazoles