Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25G illumination aided scleral buckling surgery for treatment of rhegrmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods This is a retrospective case control study.Fifty-seven RRD patients (57 eyes) were enrolled in this study.There were 35 males (35 eyes) and 22 females (22 eyes).The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmoscope group (29 patients,29 eyes) and illumination group (28 patients,28 eyes).There was no differences in the data of gender,age,onset time,logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and information of retinal tears between the two groups (P＞0.050).The patients in the ophthalmoscope group received operation of conventional scleral buckling with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.The patients in the illumination group received scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system.The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months.The BCVA,intraocular pressure,fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded.Results The difference of operation time between two groups was significant (t=2.124,P=0.031).In the ophthalmoscope group,26 eyes (89.7％) achieved retinal reattachment,3 eyes (10.3％) failed in retinal reattachment.In the illumination group,26 eyes (92.8％) achieved retinal reattachment,2 eyes (7.2％) failed in retinal reattachment.There was no difference of retinal reattachment rate (P=I.000).Five eyes failed in retinal reattachment,3 eyes received sclera buckling surgery,2 eyes received vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade.The final reattachment ratios were both 100％.BCVA increased in both groups compared with pre-surgery BCVA (t=4.529,5.108;P＜0.001).The difference of BCVA between two groups was not significant (t=0.559,P=0.458).There was no significant difference of intraocular pressure and complications before and after surgery in both two groups (t=-1.386,-1.437;P=0.163,0.149).The difference of intraocular pressure between two groups was not significant (t=0.277,P=0.730).Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in 1 eye in the ophthalmoscope group.There was no iatrogenic retinal break,choroidal hemorrhage and endophthalmitis in the two groups.Conclusion 25G intraocular illumination aided buckling surgery for treatment of RRD is fast,safe and effective.

Objective To learn about the status of stress to the life affairs of Tibetan nursing students on 9+3 free Education Programs,and corresponding intervention of mental health problem were put forward.Methods 120 Tibetan nursing students through random sampling were evaluated with Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC).Results The average scores of items such as study pressure,interpersonal relationship and health adaptation were above the median level.The scores of interpersonal relationship,punishment and loss in the 1st grade were significantly higher than those in the 2nd grade and 3rd grade.The score of study pressure in the 2nd grade was higher compared with that in the other grades.In comparison with the other grades,the score of health adaptation in the 3rd grade was higher,and there was significant difference.Conclusions Influence of stress to the life affairs on psyche of Tibetan nursing students in different grades is different.Tibetan nursing students should be given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors of stress to the life affairs.

Adult ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; Ethylene Dichlorides ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level of 5 special groups (newly married women,pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students) in Ningxia, and to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Clustering and random sampling method were used. In 2008 and 2009, in the 22 counties investigated, in every county with 9 townships or more, nine townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center; four villages were randomly selected in each chosen township, four people with special needs and 2 infants were randomly selected for urine samples collection in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west, south, north and center sub-areas; four villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township, eight people with special needs and 3 infants' urine samples were randomly collected in each chosen village. In the 22 counties, one township was randomly selected respectively in east, west,south, north and center sub-areas, one village elementary school was randomly sampled in each chosen township,twenty students aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected to collect their urine samples in each school. The iodine concentration was determined by arsenic-cerium contact method. Results A total of 6894 copied of urine samples from newly married women, pregnant women, lactating women, babies and infants, and students were examined, the urinary iodine medians were 209.3, 187.4, 184.0, 216.5, 216.3 μg/L, respectively. From low to high in the order was lactating women, pregnant women, newly married women, students, babies and infants. The level of urinary iodine of babies and infants, pregnant women and lactating women were appropriate, the one of newly married women and students were higher than appropriate. The proportion of less than 100 μg/L of urinary iodine of the 5 kinds special groups were 11.1% (53/475), 35.4% (308/871), 35.4% (659/1863), 19.1% (283/1483), 8.4%(185/2202), respectively, while the urinary iodine of the pregnant women and lactating women were relatively high. The urinary iodine medians of the 5 special groups were also very different among counties. Conclusions The urinary iodine of the 5 special groups in Ningxia presents obvious differences between populations and regions.Current iodized salt is sufficient to ensure iodine nutrition needs for the 5 special groups. But married women and students have higher levels of iodine nutrition, indicating that the salt iodine concentration of Ningxia residents have cut space, full consideration of the 5 special groups and regional differences should be taken.

Objective To explore the status of stress to the life affairs between Tibetan nursing students on 9+3 free education programs and mainland nursing students.According to the diversity of them,corresponding nursing interventions of mental health were put forward.Methods The questionnaire of Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC)was distributed to 120 nursing students in each group through random sampling,and the SPSS 17.0 statistical software package was used for data analysis.Results The scores of Tibetan nursing students were higher than mainland nursing students on factors of study pressure,personal relationship and health adaptation,which showed significant difference.The results of ASLEC showed that the scores of personal relationship,deserved punishment and loss in the Tibetan nursing students of 1st gradewere significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 1st grade score.The scores of study pressure in the Tibetan nursing students of 2nd grade were significantly higher than those in the Mainland nursing students of 2nd grade.The scores of personal relationship and health adaptation in Tibetan nursing students of 3rd grade were higher than those in the Mainland Nursing Students of 3rd grade score.Conclusions Influence of stress to the life affairs on psyche of Tibetan nursing students is outstanding in contrast to Mainland nursing students,and Tibetan nursing students were given directed intervention of mental health problem according to their risk factors of stress to the life affairs.

This study was aimed to investigate the comprehensive ecological factors of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and their regional suitability in China. Based on field survey, specimen examination and literature investigation, ecologi-cal factors and appropriate production areas were analyzed by Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System (TCMGIS-II). The results showed that the proper region (with similarity of 95%~100%) of H. rhamnoides L. accounts for 737 994.71 km2, including 15 provinces/municipalities and 387 counties/cities. The largest area among them is Tibet autonomous region with area of 313 857.73 km2 (42.53%), followed by Sichuan province (223 987.02 km2, 30.35%), Gansu province (66 314.43 km2, 8.99%) and Shanxi province (4 237.79 km2, 0.57%). There are also certain appropriate production areas distributed in Liaoning province, Beijing, Chongqing and Hubei province. It was concluded that this system is much valuable to the recognition of the formation of the producing area, the division of adaptive area, introduction and acclimatization of medicinal materials. It also provided a scientific reference for the introduction and cultivation of H. rhamnoides L. Through further field study and experiments, these new areas have the potential to be developed into suitable production region of H. rhamnoides L. in the future.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the inhibitory effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on testosterone production in rat Leydig cells.

METHODSRat Leydig cells were primarily cultured and the expression of RAGE in the Leydig cells was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The Leydig cells were treated with AGEs at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 microg/ml, respectively, and the testosterone content was determined by ELISA.

RESULTSRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining exhibited the expression of RAGE in the rat Leydig cells. AGEs remarkably suppressed hCG-induced testosterone production in the Leydig cells in a concentration-dependent manner in the 50, 100 and 200 microg/ml groups as compared with the control (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRAGE exists in rat Leydig cells and AGEs can significantly inhibit the secretion of testosterone in primarily cultured rat Leydig cells.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Leydig Cells ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Rats ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; biosynthesis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; biosynthesis

This study is to investigate the roles of neuregulin receptor ErbB2 and protein kinase B (PKB) in pacing-induced heart failure of rhesus monkey. Rapid pacing was used to induce heart failure in rhesus monkey. Aorta intubatton was used to perform hemodynamic measurements, 17 days after pacing. N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), one of the most important molecular marker of heart failure, was also measured by the method of electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. The mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were detected in the left ventricular free walls by RT-PCR method. The expressions of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl on protein level were also detected by Western blotting. The contractibility of cardiac muscle decreased significantly, which consisted with the increase of BNP. Compared with control group, the mRNA expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were depressed, and similar results were also found in the protein expression analysis of phospho-PKB and Bcl-xl. The expressions of ErbB2, PKB and Bcl-xl were down-regulated during heart failure in rhesus monkey which suggested the important roles of ErbB2 receptor and PKB in the mechanism of heart failure.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical significance of breast duct endoscope for plasma cell mastitis.

METHODSBreast duct endoscope was performed on 250 patients with nipple discharge. The characters of 95 cases of plasma cell mastitis under the breast duct endoscope were analyzed and studied.

RESULTSAmong the 95 cases with plasma cell mastitis, 21 were in type I, 43 in type II, 18 in type III and 13 in type IV. Eighty-three cases were treated with no-operation treatment, and 45 completely released, 38 partly released. There were 5 cases with middle to serious atypical hyperplasia in 12 cases treated with operation, that were all confirmed by pathological examination.

CONCLUSIONIn patients with plasma cell mastitis, clear diagnosis can be made through breast duct endoscope, and the breast duct with lesions could be positioned. It is a necessary assistant method for patients to avoid biopsy or decrease the biopsy range.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Cells ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo establish a rapid method for testing drug sussceptibility on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSTaking absolute Concentration method for drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis as the "gold standard", we examined the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis strain with nitrate reducrase assay (NRA) and the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum with NRA.

RESULTSNRA and absolute concentration method was basically comparable with NRA susceptibility as 96.5% and the specificity was 100%, When comparing with traditional absolute concentration method, NRA could shorten the time about 3 weeks. Using NRA to test the drug-resistant of M. tuberculosis germ in sputum, its susceptibility was more than 66.7% and specificity was 100%, within 10-20 days.

CONCLUSIONNRA could be used as a rapid drug susceptibility testing on M. tuberculosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Enzyme Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; methods ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Nitrate Reductase ; metabolism ; Sputum ; microbiology