Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in elderly,but clinical practices in the management of elderly dyslipidemia are still not satisfactory.The cornerstone of treatment for elderly dyslipidemia consists of therapeutic lifestyle change and statins.Recent guidelines emphasize aggressive low density lipoprotein-cholesterol control with statins.However,intensive statin therapy may increase the risk of myopathy and diabetes.Therefore,it is important to consider risk benefit ratio in individual patients.The additional benefit of statins in combination with other hypolipidemic drugs on cardiovascular risk still needs verifying by further investigation.

Objective To investigate the morbidity and influencing infactors of plantar fasciitis in nurses. Methods The clinical nursing staff of 829 people were included in this series. 71 people of them conform to the standard of plantar fasciitis. According to the proportion of 1:1, 71 nurses without plantar fasciitis were included in the control group. The thickness and hardness index of the plantar fascia were detected by ultrasound elasticity. The survey contents including age, the average working hours every day (h), the average standing time in working day (h), body weight, body mass index (BMI), number of night shift, average walking time every day (min) and the average weekly running time (hour) were conducted. The single factor and multi-factor regression method were used to analyze the influence factors of the onset of plantar fascia. Results 71 cases of 829 nurses were with plantar fasciitis, and the incidence was 8.56%. The thickness in observation group was (3.86±0.53) mm, which was significantly smaller than (2.67±0.39) mm of the control group (P<0.05). Hardness index was 2.01±0.23, lower than 3.83±0.70 in control group (t=14.09, P<0.05). Single factor analysis results showed that the average standing time in working day, weight, BMI, average walking time every day, the average weekly running time were different between the two groups (P<0.05). The regression equation: the plantar fascia hardness index =-25.34 + 4.78 × the average standing time in working day + 3.45 × weight + 1.22 × BMI. The equation of the ability to explain the plantar fascia hardness index reached 72.2%, and had a good effectiveness. Conclusions Body weight and BMI, prolonged standing work may induce the nurse plantar fasciitis, and they are independent risk factors.

Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus,but clinical practices in the management of diabetic dyslipidemia are still not satisfactory in China.The cornerstone of treatment for diabetic dyslipidemia consists of therapeutic lifestyle change and statins.Recent guidelines emphasize aggressive low density lipoprotein-cholesterol control with statins.However,intensive statin therapy may increase the risk of myopathy and diabetes.Therefore,it is important to consider its risk benefit ratio in individual patients.The additional benefit of statins in combination with other hypolipidemic drugs on cardiovascular risk needs verifying by further investigation.

Goal To promote the university student to foster the civilized behavior.Method From September to October,2007,investigate the 615 students of Nursing Department in Our college,in order to know the situations of civilization and manners on campus.Result Amorg the ten big uncivilized behaviors,in the first place is: uncivilized languge,that is,speaking obscene words.The above is the view of 324 students 167 students think that humiliating the small and weak and fighting are the most disgusting behaviors.So how to foster the university student's civilized behavior turns to be a society problem now.Conclusion The coordination of the autonomy and the heternomy can play a better effect during the process of fostering the civilized behaviors.But the autonomy may play a main role in the process.

Cytokines play an important role in the genesis and development of tumor.Antitumor mechanisms of some cytokines are clearly testified.Currently,the main cytokines used in tumor clinical treatments are interferons,interleukins and tumor necrosis factors.For the lack of specificity,there are too many side effects for some patients to continue.So the application range of cytokines in tumor clinical treatment is limited.The most important measures to develop cytokines therapy are improving the stability of curative effect and reducing side effects.

Objective To study the effects of Nitric oxide(NO),Nitric oxide synthases (NOS)on calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) of mesenteric artery smooth muscle(SMC)between patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normotensive patients.Methods (1)Mesenteric artery branch from 21 EH and 18 normotensive patients respectively was digested by enzyme.Patch clamp technique was used to pull cell-attached and inside-out patches on mesenteric artery SMC from EH.The signal channel open number probability (Po),open dwell-time(To) and close dwell- time(Tc),were recorded.(2)The levels of plasma NO?NOS were measured by colorimetry analysis method.(3)The analysis of linear correlation was performed to estimate the relationship between the levels of plasma NO and Po?To?Tc of KCa of mesenteric artery SMC in the subjects of the two groups.Results (1)Compared to that of normotensive patients,the activities of KCa channels of patients with EH was higher.After adding Ca 2+ to cytoplasm,the Po of KCa channels in normotensive patients increased significantly.But there were few changes in EH group.(2)The levels of plasma NO?NOS were lower in EH group than in control group.(3)Linear correlation analysis showed that the levels of plasma NO were correlated positively with Po?To in normotensive patients,wherese the positive correlation were decreased in EH group.Conclusion The activities of KCa channels of patients with EH increase significantly.but the sensitivity to Ca 2+ decreased.NO?NOS may stimulate the KCa channels of normotensive and EH patients,but they may not be main factors in EH patients.

Calcineurin ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular System ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Humans ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective To study the effects of high matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP 9 ) on the biological behaviors of fibroblasts,in order to clarify the possible mechanisms in the wound healing of diabetic foot.Methods Establish the cell model of skin fibroblast with high expression of MMP 9 by high glucose (22.0 mmol/L) and high homocysteine (100 μmol/L) co-culture.Control group was incubated with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L).Realtime PCR,ELISA and gelatin zymography were used to detect the MMP 9 mRNA,protein expression and activity of MMP 9.Flow cytometry,CCK-8,ELISA assay,scratch test and transwell were used to detect cell proliferation,viability,collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion,horizontal migration and vertical migration of cells.Results Data were expressed as (x- ± s).Differences were considered significant if their P value was ＜ 0.05.Results The expression of MMP 9 mRNA,protein levels and the activity of MMP 9 in high MMP 9 group were 6.05 folds,4.12 folds and 1.58 folds higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01,respectively).The proportion of S phase cells,proliferation index,cell viability,collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion,6 h horizontal migration rate and the number of vertical migration cells in high MMP9 group decreased by 29.8 ％,18.1％,23.3 ％,68.7 ％,45.0 ％ and 21.4 ％ than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01,respectively ). Conclusions Fibroblast with high expression of MMP 9 have decreased proliferation,activity,collagen secretion and reduced migration,which suggests that MMP 9 may inhibit the biological behaviors of fibroblasts.

Objective To investigate relationship between adiponectin and cardiac damage induced by aldosterone in SD rats. Methods Male SD rats were treated with aldosterone infusion for 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every week. At the end of experiment, the myocardial structure was observed, the levels of adiponectin in plasma and adiponectin mRNA expression of adipose tissue in epididymal fat pad were measured. 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with 10-8 and 10-6 moL/L aldosterone for 24 and 48 h, adiponectin mRNA expressions and adiponectin concentrations in culture medium were measured. Results Aldosterone induced only a slight increase in the SBP of SD rats[(123±7)mm Hg, P<0.05]. However, aldosterone significantly induced cardiac ultrastructure changes, such as mitochondrial swelling and disordered internal structures. Furthermore, the level of plasma adiponectin decreased 22.8% after aldosterone treatment for 4 weeks ( P<0. 05 ). When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 10-8 and 10-6 mol/L aldosterone for 24 h, adiponectin concentrations in culture medium decreased 21.8% and 27. 2%, respectively (P < 0. 05); for 48 h, adiponctin mRNA expressions decreased 22.1% and 37.4%, respectively ( P<0. 05 ). The effect of aldosterone was reversed by spironolactone,which was partly independent of SBP. Conclusions Low level of adiponectin may be involved in cardiac damage induced by aldosterone in SD rats.

Objective To observe the learning and memory changes in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats, detect the expressions of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) at mRNA and protein levels in rat brains and to reveal the mechanism of changed learning and memory ability. Methods Twenty-four healthy SD rats, weighting 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into three groups(8 in each). Control group was fed with normal diet, and low- and high-dose fluoride groups were fed with corn polluted with high fluoride (fluoride were 11.30,104.20 mg/kg, respectively) during drying processes with local burning-coal from the areas of endemic fluorosis to established rat model of chronic fluorosis. After exposed to fluoride for 6 months, behavioral changes were measured by Morris water maze. Animals were sacrificed, the brain was taken, after homogenizing the fluoride content of brain tissue was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results For rats in low- and high-fluoride groups, the escape latency time[(12.42 ± 8.03),(17.48 ± 8.05)s] was significantly longer than that in the control[(7.04 ± 3.29)s, all P< 0.05]. For rats in high-fluoride group, the numbers of crossing the platforms (1.62 ± 0.87) and the time of staying at the platforms[(16.70 ± 5.02)s] were significantly decreased as compared to that of control[3.53 ± 1.67, (23.33 ± 5.35)s, all P < 0.05]. The fluoride content in rat brain tissue in low- or high-fluoride groups [(1.14 ± 0.04), (1.79 ± 0.04)mg/kg] was significantly higher than that of control [ (0.52 ± 0.05) mg/kg, all P < 0.05]; in addition, the amount of fluoride in brain tissue of high-fluoride group was significantly higher than that of low-fluoride group(P < 0.05). In high-fluoride group, the mRNA expressions of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains(1.51 ± 0.20,1.45 ± 0.06,1.63 ± 0.08) were significantly lower as compared to controls (1.79 ± 0.11,1.66 ± 0.14,1.83 ± 0.06, all P< 0.05); whereas there were no significant changes in mRNA levels of these receptor subunits of the rat brains between low-fluoride group(1.65 ± 0.17,1.59 ± 0.09,1.71 ± 0.03) and controls (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the protein levels of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains of highfluoride group(0.58 ± 0.13,0.16 ± 0.03,1.41 ± 0.38) and low-fluoride group(0.56 ± 0.23,0.08 ± 0.02,0.51 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of controls( 1.48 ± 0.42,0.57 ± 0.21,2.56 ± 0.26, P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Decreased ability of learning and memory in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats may be associated with declined expressions of nAChR at proteins and mRNA levels, which might be the main mechanism of the behavior change.