Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

The Ebola virus is highly infectious and can result in death in ≤ 90% of infected subjects. Detection of the Ebola virus and diagnosis of infection are extremely important for epidemic control. Presently, Chinese laboratories detect the nucleic acids of the Ebola virus by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, such detection takes a relatively long time and necessitates skilled personnel and expensive equipment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of serum is simple, easy to operate, and can be used to ascertain if a patient is infected with the Ebola virus as well as the degree of infection. Hence, ELISA can be used in epidemiological investigations and is a strong complement to detection of nucleic acids. Cases of Ebola hemorrhagic fever have not been documented in China, so quality-control material for positive serology is needed. Construction and expression of human-mouse chimeric antibodies against the nucleoprotein of the Ebola virus was carried out. Genes encoding variable heavy (VH) and variable light (VL) chains were extracted and amplified from murine hybridoma cells. Genes encoding the VH and VL chains of monoclonal antibodies were amplified by RT-PCR. According to sequence analyses, a primer was designed to amplify functional sequences relative to VH and VL chain. The eukaryotic expression vector HL51-14 carrying some human antibody heavy chain- and light chain-constant regions was used. IgG antibodies were obtained by transient transfection of 293T cells. Subsequently, immunological detection and immunological identification were identified by ELISA, immunofluorescence assay, and western blotting. These results showed that we constructed and purified two human- mouse chimeric antibodies.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ebolavirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Nucleoproteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; immunology

ObjectiveThis study was to review our experience for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) invading the inferior vena cava(IVC). Methods Eleven patients were operated on. Tumors were first resected under portal triad clamping(PTC) and then the tumor emboli in the IVC were removed either under hepatic vascular exclusion(HVE) or under side clamping of the IVC. Results Surgery was successful in all cases, without operative death and complication caused by the removals of tumor emboli from the IVC. The mean operative time was 179 min (range 120～255 min) and the mean intraoperative blood loss 1 482 ml(range 600～3 000 ml). The mean PTC and HVE times were 27 9 min(range 12～83 min) and 16 5 min(range 7～28 min), respectively. The postoperative complications included pleural effusion in one needing thorancentesis and bile leak in one. During the follow up, 3 patients died at 30, 10 and 14 months, respectively, and the remaining 8 patients were alive at the follow up of 1 to 14 months. ConclusionsHCC with tumor thrombus in the IVC is operable and the proper procedure is hepatectomy plus thrombectomy with a favourable postoperative prognosis.

Objective Negative pressure aspirator clogging ( OSAC) frequently occurs in orthopedic surgery .This study was to investigate the frequency , location , and mechanisms of OSAC in China by analysis of the current status and clinical observation of OSAC so as to provide evidence for the solution of the problem . Methods Using the two-stage random sampling method , we conduc-ted a questionnaire survey on OSAC among 738 clinical orthopedists during the 16th and 17th Chinese Orthopedic Association Confer-ences.Totally, 160 out 1200 orthopedic surgeries were randomly selected in the time order of operation , including 38 cases of total hip arthroplasty ( THA) , 39 cases of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) , 43 cases of extremity and spinal fractures surgery , and 40 cases of other orthopedic surgeries .We also obtained the satisfaction scores with the existing aspirators from related medical professionals . Results Among the 738 respondents included into the analysis , 706 (95.7%) thought that OSAC often occurred during surgery , 631 (85.5%) considered THA to be the leading cause of OSAC , and 714 (96.7%) regarded the tip and hose joint of the aspirator as the common causes . The mean satisfaction score with the existing aspirators was 7.62 ±0.74.Clinical observation showed the mean frequency of OSAC to be 2.55 ±1.62 in THA, 1.95 ±1.33 in TKA, 1.52 ±1.18 in extremity and spinal fracture surgeries , and 0.95 ± 0.68 in other orthopedic surgeries , and the satisfaction score to be 7.36 ±0.84. Conclusion OSAC has a high incidence rate during orthopedic surgeries in China , thus affecting orthopedic surgery and reducing orthopedists'satisfaction with the aspirators . The current negative pressure aspirator system demands prompt improvement .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; Middle Aged ; Paramyxoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; pathology

Objective To study the effect of curcumin on rat model of N-methylnitrosourea ( MNU) -induced bladder cancer and its mechanism. Methods One hundred SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group (n=10), model group (n=10), intervention group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40). Rats in the control group re-ceived intravesical infusion of distilled water. Rats in the other three groups were given MNU (1 mg/mL) in 2 mL saline at 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks to induce bladder cancer. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. The rats in the intervention group received 2 mL curcumin solution (400 μmol/L) at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th weeks, and were sacrificed at the 11th week. In the model group, the rats were injected with distilled water in the bladder. In the treatment group, the rats had intravesical instillation of curcumin in the bladder (400 μmol/L, 2 mL) at 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks, and sacrificed at the 19th week. Bladder tissue samples were taken for pathological exami-nation using hematoxylin and eosin ( HE) staining. TUNEL staining assay was used to detect the apoptosis in tumor tissue. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 90% (9/10) in the model group, 12. 5% (5/40) in the intervention group and 92. 5% (37/40) in the treatment group at the 10th week, showing a significant difference between the intervention group and model group (P<0. 05), indicating an obvious interventional effect of curcumin on the bladder cancer. The incidence rate of bladder cancer in the treatment group was 78. 4% (30/37) at the 19th week, and compared with the 10th week before treatment, showing that curcumin can de-lay the recurrence of bladder cancer. TUNEL staining assay confirmed that curcumin significantly promoted the apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and inhibited their proliferation. The Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activa-tion of NF-κB and effectively down-regulated the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene product. Conclusions Curcumin has a significant interventional effect on MNU-induced bladder cancer in the rat models. The mechanism may be through inhibi-tion of NF-κB activation and effective down-regulated NF-κB regulation of the gene products, and to regulate the expression of related proteins in bladder cancer, i. e. , inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and further play a role of an-ti-cancer intervention and prevention of bladder cancer recurrence.

Objective To investigate the effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)on bladder cancer cells and their metabolites, and to preliminarily explore the possible mechanisms of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods The rat model of bladder cancer was induced by intravesical instillation with N-methylnitrosourea(MNU). Bladder cancer cells and normal transitional epithelial cells were isolated and primarily cultured, and were divided into 5 groups according to the different components of the culture medium. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the supernatant of each group was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of BCG to inhibit the cancer cell growth was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis of bladder cancer cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL). Results Among the 15 rats,2 rats died after 2 times of instillation, and 3 rats died after 3 times of instillation, without obvious tumors found at autopsy. The other 10 rats were killed after completion of the intravesically instillation of MNU, and obvious tumors were found in 8 of them after dissection. The results of MTT assay showed that BCG had an inhibitory effect on the growth of bladder cancer cells,and the inhibitory rate was positively correlated with the concentration of BCG. The results of ELISA showed that the concentrations of TNF-α in the supernatant of groups B and D were(160.654 ± 5.775) ng/L and(124.443 ± 4.972)ng/L, respectively, with significant differences from those of the other three groups. The concentrations of IL-10 in the groups B and E were(16.973 ± 3.428)ng/L and(20.327 ± 2.721)ng/L, significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Apoptosis of cancer cells was not found in all groups. HE staining of the primary bladder cancer cells showed that the volume of cell nucleus was increased, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio was increased. The number of nucleoli in some cells was increased and some nuclei appeared like ink drops with prominent nucleoli. Conclusions BCG has an inhibitory effect on the growth of rat bladder cancer cells. IL-10 and TNF-α secreted by the tumor cells might be involved in this regulatory process. However,apoptosis does not show an obvious effect on this inhibitory process.

BACKGROUND:The safety and efficacy of simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement or selective unilateral total knee arthroplasty in patients with severe osteoarthritis of the knees are stil controversial. OBJECTIVE:To compare safety and clinical efficacy of patients with osteoarthritis knees after simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement or selective unilateral total knee replacement. METHODS:Total y 60 cases with severe osteoarthritis of the knees (90 knees) undergoing total knee replacement were divided into unilateral total knee replacement group (n=30, 30 knees), and the simultaneous bilateral total knee replacement group (n=30, 60 knees). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications such as infection, mortality, pulmonary embolism in patients of both groups (P>0.05). The incidence of cardiovascular complications, postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were higher in the bilateral knee group than in the unilateral knee group (P<0.05). During fol ow-up at 1 year after replacement, no significant differences in range of motion, muscle strength of quadriceps and hospital for special surgery knee score were detected in patients of both groups (P>0.05). However, Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly lower in the bilateral knee group than in the unilateral group (P<0.05). These data indicated that the risk of cardiovascular complications was high in patients receiving bilateral total knee replacement. Patients with severe cardiovascular disease should avoid simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Objective: To explore the association between screen time and autistic behavior in infants and young children, and to provide clues to the mechanism for further research. Methods: The primary caregivers of 22 586 children in the district of Longhua in Shenzhen were surveyed. Demographic data and screen time were collected using a selfdisigned questionnaire, and children’s autistic behavior was assessed using the child Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC).The chisquare test was used to analyze the correlation between demographic data and screen time, demographic data and autistic behavior, and screen time and autistic behavior. Unconditioned Logistic regression model was used to study the effect of electronic screen exposure on autistic behavior. Results: The amount of screen time spent in infancy increased with age. For children ages 0-,1- and 2-3 years, 60.1%, 35.0% and 20.2% respectively did not watch TV, and 74.0%, 52.6% and 26.8% respectively did not watch the new generation of electronic products. The positive rate of ABC scale screening was 5.3%, including 6.0% male and 4.4% female, OR(95%CI)=1.37 (1.23-1.54).There was correlations between screen time and autistic behavior in infants at all ages (P<0.05).Screen time increased the risk of autistic behavior in younger age groups than in older age groups. For 1 year olds with moderate screen exposure, increased screen exposure at 2 to 3 years of age was associated with an increased risk of autistic behaviors, while reduced screen exposure at 2 to 3 years of age was associated with a lower risk of autistic behaviors(OR=2.14, 2.77, P<0.05). The higher daily screen time at 0-3 years old was, the greater risk of autistic behaviors. Compared with the noncontact electronic screen group, the OR values of the daily TV screens in the ≥1 h/d group and the ＜1 h/d group were 2.01 and 2.45, respectively (P＜0.05).Compared with the non-contact electronic screen group, the OR values of the screens exposed to the new generation of electronic products in the ≥1 h/d group and the ＜1 h/d group were 2.01 and 2.33, respectively(P<0.05).The higher the time of single exposure to electronic screen between 0 and 3 years old, the greater the risk of autistic behaviors. The OR values were 2.50, 1.79 and 1.47 when ≥1 h/time, 0.5-1 h/time and 15-30 min/time compared with <15 min/time（P<0.05）. Conclusion Early exposure to electronic screens in infants, excessive total daily exposure to electronic screens, and excessive screen time each time are all likely to increase autistic behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that children under 2 years old should not be exposed to electronic screens every day. Children aged 2-3 years old who are exposed to electronic screens＜0.5 h/d and whose screen time <15 min might not significantly increase autistic behaviors.

BACKGROUND:Autologous tissue-engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (BMSCs) transplantation is one of the most common methods of treating early osteonecrosis of femoral head, but now there is stil no any special-purpose grafter available in the market. Such surgical transplantation is a laborious, time-consuming and tedious process, which goes against its clinical promotion. OBJECTIVE:To develop a supporting, efficient, special-purpose grafter, to solve the difficulty in stem cel s transplantation during core decompression of femoral head. METHODS:CAD software was used to perform solid modeling for this special-purpose grafter and print them by three-dimensional (3D) fast printing technology. The performance of this special-purpose grafter was tested by femoral head core decompression combined with BMSCs transplantation. It was compared with traditional surgical instrument in terms of duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, visual analogue scale (VAS) of stem cel/biological fiber col agen complex omission amount and doctor’s satisfaction score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) A kind of special-purpose grafter was developed by 3D printing technology rapidly. (2) Compared with the control group, duration of operation, intraoperative blood loss, VAS scores and doctor’s satisfaction scores were significantly improved in the trial group (P<0.05). (3) CAD software combined with 3D printing technology is a highly efficient means for front-line clinicians to perform independent development. The research and development of this special-purpose grafter provides a perfect solution to the laborious, time-consuming and tedious process of cel/biological col agen fiber transplantation.