Alzheimer′s disease ( AD) , is a neurodegenerative disorder of the brain that is characterized by loss of memory and cognitive decline.At present, AD etiology remains unclear and there are no effective prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ( PPARγ) is a ligand-regulated nuclear hormone receptor.Recent studies showed PPARγ-pathway played an important role in the pathogenesis of AD and some PPARγagonists have been proven to be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo models.This paper reviews the roles of PPARγand related mechanisms in AD, summarizes affecting factors about PPARγpathway.Particularly, the effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside ( Cy3G) , one of the anthocyanidin glycoside forms, is a compound of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, suggesting the neuroprotective effect of Cy3G might be used as a potential natural PPARγagonist in the nervous system.

The paper analyzes the problems existing in the supervision and administration of medical sciences and points out the countermeasures,hoping that it will make medical device safe and effective in order to guarantee health and safety.

Objective To study the regulating roles of PAI 2 in the differentiation mechanism of the human epidermis. Methods Human skins were take from the early, middle and late human embryos respectively and observed with immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. The cell culture and dot blot were also used in the observation of the materials from late embryo. Results 1 PAI 2 exhibits a very high experssion in the development of embryonic period, with the highest level in the middle embryonic phase while the transcripts of PAI 2 still keep a rather high level in the late human embryonic stage. 2 PAI 2 is mainly localized in the superficial, more differentiatied layers of the epidermis.3 PAI 2 is localizated in peripheral cytoplasm of the vitro or vivo keratinocyte.Conclusion PAI 2 is involved in the regulation of the keratinocyte differentiation. [

Objective To explore the effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen (Mtb-Ag) on neutrophils apoptosis.Methods The fresh isolated neutrophils from healthy adults blood were cultured with Mtb-Ag for 24 h,with or without pretreatment of nuclear factor -?B (NF-?B) inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) for 30 minutes.Annexin V staining and Flow cytometry were used to measure cell apoptosis of neutrophils.NF-?B DNA binding was measured by gelelectrophorestic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in neutrophils after incubated with Mtb-Ag for 0,1,2,4,6,24 hours.Results Comparing to the spontaneous apoptosis (55%?6%) of neutrophils after culture in vitro for 24 h,treatment of Mtb-Ag (1.125 mg/ml) decreased the cell apoptosis of neutrophils (32%?3%).The NF-?B shift bands were detected at 1 h in neutrophils after stimulated by Mtb-Ag,and reached maximum peak at 2 hours,and then returned to basal levels within 24 h.Pretreatment of TPCK inhibited the anti-apoptosis role of Mtb-Ag in neutrophils.Conclusion Mtb-Ag prevents neutrophils apoptosis and its inhibitory role concerns NF-?B pathway.

Equipment Design ; Humans ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers

Objective To explore the effect of Ferroprotin 1 expression on tumorigenesis,invasiveness and survival of breast cancer.Methods In this study,100 breast cancer patients were enrolled.IHC SP was used to detect the expression of Ferroprotinl in paraffin-embedded tissues.The `association of Ferroprotin 1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters was evaluated by chi-square test.Survival analysis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier model and Log-rank test.Results The expression of Ferroprotin 1 was significantly higher in para-cancerous normal tissues (37/100,37％ ) than that in breast cancer tissues (24/100,24％ ;P =0.046 ).In these with positive axillary LN,there were more with low expression level of Ferroprotin 1 ( 36/40,90％ ) than those with high expression level ( 4/40,10％ ),P =0.007.More patients with low Ferroprotin1 were at advanced stage than those with high ferroprotin1 [Ⅲ 44/57 (77.2％) ;Ⅳ 17/18 ( 94.4％ )]( P =0.05 ).No significant association was found between ferroprotin1 and tumor grade,histology type,ER/PR,HER2,tumor size (P＞0.05).Ferroprotin1 has no significant effect on breast cancer survival ( P =0.591 ) by Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test.Conclusions Low Ferroprotin 1 may lead to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.Downregulated Ferroprotin1 promotes the LN involvement of breast cancer and accompanies with more advanced disease.However Ferroprotinl might not play an important role in the survival of breast cancer.

Plastic and Aesthetic surgery is a science which creates beauty by combining know-ledge and art. Combined with the professional characteristics of plastic surgery, we reformed the cur-riculum content and teaching mode of continuous education, including a established interactive theoret-ical learning model based on Journal club, the strengthening of clinical practice integrated with multiple related disciplines, the expanding the knowledge of Sociology, Psychology and Ethics, and the construc-tion of a long-term platform of network resources. Therefore, a comprehensive and specialized continu-ous education model in the department of plastic and aesthetic surgery was ultimately formed, whose preliminary assessment was favorable, and could be helpful in the cultivation of high-quality plastic and aesthetic surgeons in the future.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on the expression of NMDA receptor-1(NRⅠ)in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotection.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-290g were randomly divided into 2 group(n=20 each):groupⅠketamine and groupⅡpentobarbital.The aminals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 60 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅠor pentobarbital 40 mg?kg~(-1) in groupⅡ.Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent middle cerebral artery occludion(MCAO).The animals were killed at 24 h and 72 h of MCAO and their brains removed for determination of infarct size,the number of living neurons in the penumbra and the expression of NRⅠprotein(immuno- histochemistry).Results The infarct size was significantly smaller;the number of living neurons in penumbra significantly larger and NRⅠexpression significantly down-regulated in ketamine group than in pentobarbital group.Conclusion Ketamine can protect the brain against ischemia through downregulation of NMDA receptor-1.

According to the results of quantum chemistry calculation and the present research status in the relationship between the structures and the functions of DT, the E154 in DT catalyzing domain was mutated to aspartic acid and arginine in order to study the effects of the alteration on the biological activities. By means of gene site-direct mutation, two mutated genes were prepared and the high performance expression was obtained in E.coli system. The results of toxcity studies indicated that the acute toxicity in guinea pig and cytotoxicities of mutant E154D increased slightly in compared with those of recombination wild toxin, and contrarily, those of E154R decreased obviously.

Objective serous endotoxin(ET) were measured to determine the relationship between serous endotoxin and differ‐ent type of intestinal obstruction in children .Methods 25 inguinal hernia patients and 43 intestinal obstruction patients were classi‐fied into control group(n=25) ,incomplete intestinal obstruction (n=20) and complete intestinal obstruction group without necrosis of intestine (n=23) according to degree of obstruction .Serous endotoxin were measured in different time (the day of admission ,one day after admission or ,preoperation and one day postoperation ) ,and t test is used to determine the difference between them . Results ET in different group was(6 .53 ± 14 .96) ,(4 .40 ± 1 .15) ,(4 .20 ± 1 .20) ,(4 .09 ± 1 .31) ,(3 .70 ± 1 .46)EU/mL ,respec‐tively .There were no difference between each group .Conclusion ET examination suggests there is no difference between different type of intestinal obstruction in children and endotoxemia is not found in intestinal obstruction according to the results .