Objective To investigate the concentration of procalcitonin,C-reactive protein and WBC count for patients with dif-ferent kind of bacterial infection.Methods 49 blood samples and 81 other samples were collected form different patients for bacteri-al culture.Meanwhile,procalcitonin,C-reactive protein concentration and WBC count of those patients were determined to find whether these indicators exhibited any difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria infected patients.Results For bloodstream infection,PCT levels in patients with Gram-nagetive bacterial infection were obviously higher than those with Gram-positive infection(P <0.05 ).For other infection,there was no statistical difference among patients′PCT,CRP concentration and WBC count(P >0.05).Conclusion PCT concentration is valuable in the differential diagnosis of blood stream infection caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,but not in local infection infection.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; genetics ; immunology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome ; genetics ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Mutation ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

There are approximately 240 million patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the world.Despite the production of HBV vaccines and antiviral drugs, HBV still remains a serious threat as an infectious disease to human health.Due to the lack of an ideal animal model, the study of HBV is limited.This review was to analyze in accordance with existing HBV animal model, to explore the differences in applications of various models regarding their etiology, pathology and pathophysiology.thus, to provide a reference for researchers in future HBV research to better use the resources.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of clinical bacterial strains isolated from the cervical secretions of parturient women .Methods A total of 239 bacterial strains were isolated from 1 519 cervical specimens of parturient women .These strains were identified and tested by Kirby‐Bauer method for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents .Results Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria ,accounting for 34 .3% .The bacterial strains were more or less resistant to commonly used antimicrobial agents .Conclusions Various bacterial species are identified in the cervical secretions of parturient women ,primarily Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important for clinicians to take appropriate measures to reduce the incidence of mother‐to‐child infections .

The medical law science interdisciplinary talents play an crucial role in solving medical service dispute and alleviating contradictory. Based on the questionnaire survey and the interview to the court and law offices as well as the analysis of the society's demand for the knowledge structure and ability of medicine law professionals, we proposed the construction of the training mode for medicine law professionals with the ability to adapt to the social demand.

Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Ducks ; physiology ; Growth Hormone ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Serum ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

The main purpose of ideology and morality course is not only to pass on knowledge and theory to students but also to teach them ideology and conduct norms on the basis of knowledge and theory. The reform and exploration of teaching patterns of ideology and morality course should concentrate upon the three ways of "theory teaching, case analysis and classroom discussion", so that teachers and students can interact and cooperate with each other, serve the same teaching theme and bring into fullplay teachers' leading function and students' initiative in classroom teaching.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the composition and diversity of midgut microbial community of Haemaphysalis longicornis infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)． Methods　The midgut DNA of three group Haemaphysalis longicornis infected with SFTSV was extracted, and the 16S rDNA gene of the sample was sequenced by HiSeq platform. The composition and diversity of endosymbiotic microbial community were clarified by OTU cluster analysis and alpha diversity analysis. Results　The midgut microbial clusters of the three groups infected with SFTSV were 143, 113, 163 OTUs respectively; the sparsity curve and abundance grade curve showed that the data had sufficient sequencing depth, and the midgut of Haemaphysalis longicornis infected with SFTSV was rich in microbial composition, but the species distribution was uneven. The analysis of microbial community composition showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the main dominant bacteria at the phyla level. At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Betaproteobacteria and Actinomycetia were the main dominant bacteria. At the order level, Legionellales, Bacillales, Burkholderiales and Actinomycetales were the main dominant orders. At the family level, Coxiellaceae, Bacillaceae, Moraxellaceae and Rhodococcaceae were the main dominant families. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Coxiella was the highest, followed by Aeribaillus and Azonexus. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the average Shannon index was 139.67, the average Simpson index was 0.48, the average Chao index was 145.06, and the average ACE index was 147.11. Conclusions　The species diversity of intestinal microorganisms in Haemaphysalis longicornis infected with SFTSV is rich. The results provide a basis for further exploring the interaction between intestinal microbes of Haemaphysalis longicornis and SFTSV and developing new ideas for the prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects and mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on α-naphthylisothi (ANIT)-induced cholestatic liver injury in rats.MethodsA total of 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were selected.Fouty-two rats were gavaged with ANIT (100 mg/kg) to induce acute liver injury,six rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the liver injury and the rats left were evenly divided into control group which were gavaged with saline and UDCA group which were gavaged with UDCA (20 mg/kg).Six rats were sacrificed at 48 hours,72 hours and 96 hours after modeling.The six untreated rats were set as blank control group.Serum and liver tissues of all rats were kept after sacrificed.Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil) and total bile acid (TBA) were tested,interleukin-10 (IL-10),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of multidrug resistance associated protein2 (Mrp2) at mRNA level in liver tissue was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the inflammatory reaction activity of liver tissues was inspected with Haematoidin-Eosin (HE)staining under microscope.ResultsAt 48 hours after liver injury modeling,serum TBil (143.80± 12.08) μmol/L vs.(178.50±15.19) μmol/L,TBA (13.15±3.81) μmol/L vs.(21.68±7.93)mol/L,IL-10 (44.13±3.68,37.15±6.25 ng/L),IL-6(50.80±2.09,57.32±4.63 ng/L) and TNF-α (17.53±0.84) ng/L vs,(19.10±1.64) ng/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 or P＜ 0.05).At 72 hours after liver injury modeling,serum ALT (721.67±97.54) U/L vs.(929.50±148.29) U/L and IL-10 (54.68±6.79)ng/L vs.(43.85±4.08) ng/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).At 96 hours after liver injury modeling,serum ALT (156.83±14.99) U/L vs.(250.67±42.29) U/L,AST (143.67±27.45) U/L vs.(206.00±63.94) U/L and TBil (23.53±5.08) μmol/L vs.(34.02±9.98) μmol/L of UDCA group and control group were compared,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The differences of Mrp2 expression at mRNA level in liver tissues between UDCA group and control group at 48 hours (0.77 ± 0.21,0.46 ± 0.25),72 hours (2.27 ±0.84,1.10 ±0.38) and 96 hours (3.64±0.54,2.75±0.69) after liver injury modeling were statistically significant (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).ConclusionThe mechanism of the protective effects of UDCA on ANIT-induced liver injury may be related with the regulation of serum cytokines and liver Mrp2 expression.

BACKGROUND:Adiponectin possess functions of lowering blood glucose and blood lipids, and improve insulin sensitivity. But, controversy results about the effect of adiponectin on skeletal muscle have been reported.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of eukaryon expressed adiponectin on the glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle cell strain C2C12 myotubes by transfecting plasmids carrying mouse adiponectin.DESIGN: A controlled experiment.SETTING: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: PcDNA3.0 plasmid with mouse adiponectin cDNA, pcDNA3.0-mad (generously presented from Dr. Gong,University of Maryland), C2C12 cell strain (purchased from ATCC, GRL-1722), DMEM high glucose (Gibco), MEM (Hyclone), fetal bovine serum (Hanagzhou Sijiqing), equine serum (Hyclone), lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogene), G418 (Gibco), rabbit anti-mouse adiponectin IgG (ACRP303-A, Alpha Diagnostic International), chemiluminescence kit (ECL+PLUS,Amersham), SABC instant immunohistochemistry kit (Boster), D-[U-14C] glucose (specific activity 9.25-13.32 GBq/mmol,NEC), scintillation fluid POP, POPOP (SIGMA), liquid scintillation counter (LS3801, Beckman, USA).METHODS:This study was carried out in the Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March to August, 2003. ① After extraction of plasmid, double digest with Xho Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ and identification with HindⅢ digest were carried out. ② Plasmid pcDNA3.0-mad and pcDNA3.0 blank vector were transfected using liposome to C2C12 cells, and the stably transfected cells were screened by 500 mg/L G418 for 3 weeks, G418 resistant C2C12 cells were thereafter harvested, therefore stable transfected pcDNA3.0-mad and pcDNA 3.0 C2C12 cell strains were established.③ Adiponectin protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. ④ Glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis detections were divided into control, vector and pcDNA3.0-mad (mad)group. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups with 0, 0.5, 5 and 100 nmol/L insulin (n =6), respectively. Detection of glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis was carried out with 14C-labeled glucose by counting radioactivity of 14CO2 or 14C labeled glycogen with scintillation, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle cell strain C2C12myotubes.RESULTS: ① Results of plasmid transfection and restrict digest: After plasmid extraction, double digest with Xba Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ was carried out along with HindⅢ digest identification.Digest fragments were in accordance with expectation.Length of adiponectin cDNA fragment was 781 bp, plasmid fragment was 5 446 bp, adiponectin cDNA was inserted between digest sites (Xho Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰ ) of eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0. ② Plasmid transfection of C2C12 cell and positive clone screening: On the 10th day of G418 media culture screening after transfection, most C2C12 cells died.Positive clone appeared at the 2nd week. G418 resistant C2C12 colonies were harvested at the 3rd week. ③ Western blot and immunohistochemical identifications: Both confirmed that adipoenctin gene was stably transfected into cells in the Mad group, with successful adipoenctin expression. ④ Effect of stably transfected adiponectin gene to myocyte glucose metabolism:The myocyte glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation increased along with the increasing of insulin concentration. The linear regression analyses of measured myocyte glucose oxidation amount showed that the regression coefficients of the control group, blank vector group and mad group were 23.34, 2;3.23 and 26.06 respectively. This result indicated that in C2C12 cell stably transfected with adiponectin gene, when insulin concentration increased, the acceleration rate of glucose oxidation increasing was higher than other 2 groups. However, no significant difference could be observed in glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation of C2C12 cells under basic status without insulin stimulus and treatment status with different insulin concentrations between control group, blank vector group and mad group (P＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ① We have successfully established stably adiponectin gene transfected C2C12 cell strain with adiponectin protein expression ability. ② Transfection with adiponectin cDNA had no significant effect on the glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis of C2C12 myotubes.③ The glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis of C2C12 myotubes increased with the increasing of insulin concentration. ④ Adipoenctin may coordinate with insulin in improving myocyte glucose oxidation and increasing myocyte glucose uptake.