Objective To study the antagonistic effects of grape procyanidin(GPC)or lipoic acid(LA)to the rat liver cell peroxidative damage induced by~(60)Co ? radiation.Methods The cultured rat liver cells(1?10~9/L)were prepared from 10 rats aged 1 week,the survival rate was above 85%.The cultured liver cells were divided into the negative control group(without radiation), GPC group(75 mg/L),LA group(100 mg/L)and the positive control group(containing no antioxidants),which were radiated by (60)~Co ? radiation(2.5 Gy,90 cm,10 s).The SOD,GSH-Px activity,MDA level and comet assay were determined.Results Compared with the positive control group,in the GPC group and LA group,the activity of hepatic SOD and GSH-Px were significantly higher (P

Objective To study the antagonistic effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)and ?-lipoic acid(LA)to the oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats induced by the condensate of cooking oil fume(COF).Methods SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 in each,the blank control,COF group(10 ml/kg,subcutaneous injection),COF plus NAC(2 mmol/kg, intraperitoneal injection)and COF plus LA(0.35 mmol/kg,intraperitoneal injection).Forty-eight hours after treatment,the activity of SOD,GSH-Px and MDA level in the livers and kidneys were determined.Results In the kidney,compared with the COF group, both of NAC and LA could increase the activity of kidney SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the MDA level significantly,the same results were seen in the liver.Conclusion Both of N-aeetyl-L-cysteine and ?-lipoic acid has an obvious antagonistic effect to the oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats induced by the condensates of cooking oil fume.

Objective To observe the learning and memory changes in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats, detect the expressions of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) at mRNA and protein levels in rat brains and to reveal the mechanism of changed learning and memory ability. Methods Twenty-four healthy SD rats, weighting 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into three groups(8 in each). Control group was fed with normal diet, and low- and high-dose fluoride groups were fed with corn polluted with high fluoride (fluoride were 11.30,104.20 mg/kg, respectively) during drying processes with local burning-coal from the areas of endemic fluorosis to established rat model of chronic fluorosis. After exposed to fluoride for 6 months, behavioral changes were measured by Morris water maze. Animals were sacrificed, the brain was taken, after homogenizing the fluoride content of brain tissue was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results For rats in low- and high-fluoride groups, the escape latency time[(12.42 ± 8.03),(17.48 ± 8.05)s] was significantly longer than that in the control[(7.04 ± 3.29)s, all P< 0.05]. For rats in high-fluoride group, the numbers of crossing the platforms (1.62 ± 0.87) and the time of staying at the platforms[(16.70 ± 5.02)s] were significantly decreased as compared to that of control[3.53 ± 1.67, (23.33 ± 5.35)s, all P < 0.05]. The fluoride content in rat brain tissue in low- or high-fluoride groups [(1.14 ± 0.04), (1.79 ± 0.04)mg/kg] was significantly higher than that of control [ (0.52 ± 0.05) mg/kg, all P < 0.05]; in addition, the amount of fluoride in brain tissue of high-fluoride group was significantly higher than that of low-fluoride group(P < 0.05). In high-fluoride group, the mRNA expressions of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains(1.51 ± 0.20,1.45 ± 0.06,1.63 ± 0.08) were significantly lower as compared to controls (1.79 ± 0.11,1.66 ± 0.14,1.83 ± 0.06, all P< 0.05); whereas there were no significant changes in mRNA levels of these receptor subunits of the rat brains between low-fluoride group(1.65 ± 0.17,1.59 ± 0.09,1.71 ± 0.03) and controls (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the protein levels of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains of highfluoride group(0.58 ± 0.13,0.16 ± 0.03,1.41 ± 0.38) and low-fluoride group(0.56 ± 0.23,0.08 ± 0.02,0.51 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of controls( 1.48 ± 0.42,0.57 ± 0.21,2.56 ± 0.26, P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Decreased ability of learning and memory in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats may be associated with declined expressions of nAChR at proteins and mRNA levels, which might be the main mechanism of the behavior change.

Objective To investigate the application of the ultrasonic guidance-assisted neonatal internal jugular vein catheterization.Methods Sixty two newborns (including low birth weight infants) receving thoracic/abdominal operation or resection of malignant tumor on the body-surface were randomly assigned to ultrasound guidance (UG) group or surface mark landmark(S) group.Newborns in both groups were all punctured with 22G venous indwelling needles to place the external casing,followed by the steel wire guidance-assisted implantation of ARROW 4F dual chamber central venous catheter.Then we compared the rate of successful insertion attempt,rate of malpositioning,complications and average operation time between the two groups.Results The rate of successful insertion attempt was 96.8%(30/31) in the UG group,significantly higher than that in the S group (32.3%,10/31),there was significant difference between the two groups(χ2=28.182,P=0.000).Malpositioning happened in 2 cases in the UG group,but 25 cases in the S group.Rate of complications was higher in the S group compared to the UG group (64.5% vs 3.2%,χ2=25.99,P=0.000).Most importantly,the average operation time was (4.366±1.137)min in the UG group,significantly shorter than that of the S group [(13.70±5.34)min,t=5.463,P=0.028)].ConclusionUltrasound guidance-assisted catheterization for neonatal internal jugular vein is safe and feasible and can dramatically improve the success rate and prevent complications.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the detection of the known glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) gene mutation site rs3765467(NT_007592.16,position:39065819),and to evaluate its accuracy and practicability. METHODS:Peripheral venous blood samples of 72 healthy subjects were collected in medical examination center of our hospital during Oct. 2015-Feb. 2016. The whole blood DNA was extracted by column extraction method. After amplified by touch down PCR,high reso-lution melting(HRM)method was adopted to analyze amplified product. Sequencing verification by double stranded chain termina-tion method(Sanger sequencing method)was performed for 38 test samples. The results of 2 methods were compared. RESULTS:The results of mutation scanning showed that there were 39065817 and 39065819 polymorphism sites in amplified segments. Four types of mutations were detected by HRM method [GCG/GCG,GCA/GCG or ACG/GCG,GCA/GCA or ACG/ACG,A(G) CA(G)],but 6 types of mutations was detected by Sanger sequencing method [GCG/GCG,ACG/GCG,ACG/ACG,A(G)CA (G),GCA/GCG,GCA/GCA]. CONCLUSIONS:HRM method can identify GCG/GCG and A(G)CA(G)genotype,but can not identify GCA/GCG and ACG/GCG heterozygous mutation,GCA/GCA and ACG/ACG homozygous mutation. The method is not suitable for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism for multiple neighboring sites. In the detection of single nucleotide mu-tation,economical and simple method should be selected after comprehensive analysis of sequence.

Objective To systematically evaluate maternal perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes after in vitro fertili zation and embryo transplantation(IVF-ET).Methods The computer retrieval was performed on the databases of PubMed,Cochrane library,EMbase,CNKI,Wanfang and Chinese biomedical literature database.The articles on the comparison between IVF and natural pregnancy were included.The RevMan5.3 software was adopted to conduct the meta analysis.Results Twenty-three articles conforming to the requirements were included,including 1 312 651 cases,among them 113 044 cases were IVF and 1 199 607 cases were naturalpregnancy.IVF mother's age was larger than that of natural pregnancy,while the gestational weeks were smaller than those of natural pregnancy,the newborn birth weight was lighter than that of natural pregnancy(P＜0.05);the probability of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH),placenta previa,postpartum hemorrhage and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurrence in IVF mother were higher than that of natural pregnancy (P＜0.05);the rate of multiple and cesarean section in IVF mothers were higher than that of natural pregnancy (P＜0.05);the occurrence rates of small for gestational age(SGA),low birth weight infants,stillbirth and premature in IVF were higher than those of natural pregnancy (P＜0.05).Conclusion The maternal perinatal complications in IVF are higher than those of natural pregnancy,and the birth outcomes in IVF are worse than those of natural pregnancy.

Objective To observe the influence of coal burning fluorosis on learning and memory ability in rats and reveal its possible mechanisms. Methods Healthy 48 SD rats were divided into control, low-fluoride and high-fluoride group. All rats in fluoride exposed groups were fed with the eom polluted by drying processes with burning coal containing high level of fluoride obtained from the endemic fluorosis area to produce the animal model of fluorosis. The experiment period were 3,6 mouths, respectively. The ability of leaning and memory was measured by Morris test and cholinesterase activity detected by photometric method at 3 or 6 month after experiment, respectively. Results Fluoride contents signifieantlly influenced the escape latency, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms(the value of F was 29.29,6.47,6.50, respectively, P<0.01).In addition, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms were influenced by the exposed time(the value of F was 16.11,45.59, P<0.01). Furthermore, the fluoride contents and the exposed time had an interaction between the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms (the value of F was 4.67,5.68, P<0.05 or<0.01). Three months after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency [(14.71± 4.85)s] of rats in highly fluoride exposed group were significantly prolonged as compared with controls [(9.28±4.22)s]; 6 month after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency[(12.42±8.03)s, (17.48± 8.05)s] of rats in both groups exposed to fluoride were significantly prolonged as compared to controls [(7.04± 3.29)s, P<0.05]. The decreased numbers of crossing the platforms[(1.62±0.87)number] and the declined time of staying the platforms[(16.70±5.02)s] were found in the rats exposed to high fluoride as compared to controls [(3.53±1.67 )number, (23.33±5.35)s, P<0.05]. The fluoride contents obviously influenced the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 12.83,13.27, P<0.01). On the other hand, the times of breeding also influnced the activities of butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 16.26, P<0.01). In 3 months of the experiment, the activities of butylcolinesterase [(0.55±0.12)kU/g] in low fluoride exposed group were significantly decreased in comparison with controls[(0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The activities of acetylcholinesterase[(0.62±0.42)kU/g] and butylcolioesterase[(0.58±0.10)kU/g] in high fluoride group were significantly decreased as compared to eontrois[(1.41±0.52), (0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the cholinesterase and the escape latency(r=-0.68, P< 0.01), and a positive correlation between the cholinesterase and the time of staying the platforms(r=0.57, P< 0.01). Conclusions The ability of learning and memory in rats with coal buring fluorosis was decreased, which might be connected to the decreased activity of cholinesterase in a dose-effect correlation.

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the proximal femur is common in the elderly. Biological artificial femoral head replacement is one of the main methods of surgical treatment, but in the patients with chronic renal disease, the surgical efficacy and safety are variously reported. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the middle- and short-term effects of biological artificial femoral head replacement in elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture of chronic renal disease. METHODS: Biological artificial femoral head replacement was used to treat 53 patients with proximal femoral fractures (aged 75 years and over). They were divided into two groups according to renal function: chronic renal disease group (n=25) and non-chronic renal disease group (n=28). Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative drainage volume of 24 hours, and partial and complete weight-bearing time, hospitalization time, hospitalization expenses and complications were compared between the two groups. Harris hip joint function score, dual energy X-ray bone density, prosthesis loosening, periprosthetic osteolysis and implant survival rate were compared in the two groups during follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the non-chronic renal disease group, one patient died of respiratory failure at 1 month after replacement, and one case was refurbished at 3 months after replacement. In the chronic renal disease group, one patient died of cardiopulmonary failure at 3 months after replacement. Other patients in both groups were followed up for 1-8 years. The repair efficacy was satisfactory. (2) The excellent and good rate of hip function Harris score was 83% and 85% at 6 months after operation in chronic renal disease group and non-chronic renal disease group, respectively (P > 0.05). (3) No significant differences in operation time, blood loss, the volume of drainage 24 hours after the operation, the partial and complete weight-bearing time and dual energy X-ray bone density were determined between the two groups. The blood transfusion was larger; hospitalization time was longer; hospitalization expenses were more in the chronic renal disease group compared with the non-chronic renal disease group. (4) Patients in the two groups experienced different degrees of osteolysis, but no obvious prosthesis loosening was found. One patient in the non-chronic renal disease group underwent revision because of repeated dislocation of the prosthesis. The survival rates of the prosthesis in the chronic renal disease group and non-chronic renal disease group were 100% and 96% respectively (P > 0.05). (5) For elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture of chronic renal disease, the biological artificial femoral head replacement obtained good repair efficacy, and the function of the limbs was improved obviously with careful preoperative preparation.

Objective To demonstrate the carbonic anhydrase Ⅲ (CAⅢ) for 25 000 protein decreased in skeletal muscle of myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The protein molecular properties responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were analyzed by a combination method of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot. Competitive binding reactions of the antibodies to the purified 25 000 protein and muscular homogenate were observed by using immuno-Dot blot and immuno-Western blot, respectively. The expression of CAⅢ from normal and MG muscles was detected by immuno-Western blot. Results Combination analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis and immuno-Western blot showed that the protein of immunological responsible to antibodies against 25 000 protein and CAⅢ had an identical molecular mass and isoelectric point. Competitive binding reactions proved that 25 000 protein and CAⅢ were the same substance, either by immuno-Dot blot or by immuno-Western blot. In addition, a much similar result was obtained when the levels of 25 000 protein from normal and MG muscles were detected by antibodies against 25 000 protein and (CAⅢ) by immuno-Western blot. Conclusion 25 000 protein decreased in the MG skeletal muscle was proved to be just a known protein CAⅢ, which made a basis for further exploring the relationship of CAⅢ deficiency and MG pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND:The output of computed tomography (CT) is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), whereas the input of three-dimensional (3D) printing is an object Standard Template Library model represented by a triangular mesh. The process of data handing and forrmat conversion are keys to the combination of these two techniques. OBJECTIVE:To explore how to convert CT data into a stereoscopic 3D model efficiently. METHODS:The DICOM in Medicine format data of the patients with femoral fractures were edited and produced by Mimics. We made a 3D model by adjusting the parameters of the 3D printer slicing software, and discussed the significance of 3D model in medical field, especially orthopedics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mimics software is the bridge to connect two-dimensional CT scan images and 3D images, to create a 3D model by editing the data of DICOM which comes from the CT scanner, with a 3D printing technology. The 3D Model can help doctors for routine clinical diagnosis and treatment, to improve the communication between doctors and patients and the quality of clinical medical teaching. 3D printing also makes medicine more personalized, remote, minimally invasive, and promote the development of medicine to the direction of digital medicine.