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Objective To compare operative and non-operative treatments for intraarticular fractures of distal radius by meta-analysis. Methods The literature which had been published in English or Chinese from 1988 to 2008 on comparison between operative and non-operative treatments of intraartieular fractures of distal radius were searched for on line.Three Chinese papers and 2 English ones were eligibly included in this meta-analysis.The clinical data of the 5 papers were collected for comparing wrist function,reduction on X-rays,complications and patient's satisfaction. Results Operative treatment resulted in better reduction on X-rays,better wrist function and fewer complications but lower patient's satisfaetion than non-operative treatment. Conclusion The operative treatment should be recommended for intraarticular fractures of distal radius,but meanwhile the needs and expectations of the patient should be also addressed.

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestation and treatment of the complications caused by injected polyacrylamde hydro-gel( PAAG) for breast augmentation. Methods This retrospective research was performed among 212 patients who undergoing breast aug-mentation with injected polyacrylamde hydrogel. The clinical manifestation and treatment outcome of the complications were analyzed and summarized,which is aim to search an effective treatment method. Results For the 212 patients,the main complications were breast multi-ple indurations (131 cases),fever (9 cases),infection (14 cases),breast pain (65 cases),PAAG displacement (28 cases) and secondary deformity or asymmetry (25 cases). 152 cases experienced one clinical symptom,the rest patients simultaneously undergone no less than two clinical symptoms. Patients were received open operation with periareolar incision ( surgery group) or vacuum absorption by needle ( aspira-tion group) for dislodging PAAG. No significant difference was found in wound healing,breast shape satisfaction and pain anesis between the two groups. Whilethe surgery group was better than the aspiration group in efficiency for taking out PAAG and the incidence of reoperation, with statistical significance. Conclusion A plenty of complications occurred after breast augmentation with injected polyacrylamde hydrogel, the method of open operation with periareolar incision is a better way for eliminating PAAG and treating the complications.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor-βhas been shown to exert an obvious induction effect on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes. Cyclical tensile strain simulates mechanical environment of chondrocytes in the body, and plays an important regulatory role in cellproliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the synergy of transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain in inducing the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocyte-like cells. METHODS:A total of 10 2-month-old New Zealand rabbits were selected. Bone needle was used to penetrate the medul ary cavity of bone. 3.0-4.0 mL of bone marrow was extracted for isolation and culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Passage 3 cells were randomly assigned to four groups:blank, transforming growth factor-β, cyclical tensile strain and cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroups. After 1, 3 and 6 days, cells were obtained. General morphology was observed using safranin O staining. Glycosaminoglycan levels were detected by alcian blue staining. Matrix metal oproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-1 levels in supernatant were measured using ELISA. Type II col agen, matrix metal oproteinase-13 and tissue inhibitor of metal oproteinase-1 mRNA relative expression was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Safranin O staining showed fusiform or irregular triangular cells. cellnumber
and matrix secretion increased in each experimental group than in blank group. Glycosaminoglycan levels in the supernatant were greater in the transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroups than in the blank group (P<0.05). Type II col agen mRNA relative expression was higher in the cyclical tensile strain+transforming growth factor-βgroup than in the blank group (P<0.05). Results indicated that transforming growth factor-βand cyclical tensile strain could induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, showing an apparent cooperative action.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of local administration of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) on bone regeneration in a distraction osteogenesis model of rat fenur.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups A,B and C in this study.A distraction osteogenesis model was established in the left femur after osteotomy.At the end of distraction period,the bone regeneration area in group A was subjected to no treatment,that in group B to injection of phosphate buffer saline (PBS),and that in group C to injection of Tβ4.On days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively,the rats from each group were randomly sacrificed and processed for observation of bone regeneration in the distraction osteogenesis area using radiography,Micro-CT,histology and immunohistochemical staining.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of related genes as well.Results Radiography revealed that the bone regeneration in group C was superior to that in groups A and B on days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively.Micro-CT examination showed significantly increased bone volume (BV),bone mineral density (BMD) and ratio of bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) in group C on days 22,29 and 43 postoperatively,and significantly decreased ratio of bone surface area to bone volume on postoperative day 43 in comparison with groups A and B(P ＜ 0.05).HE staining indicated that local capillary density was significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B after local administration of Tβ4 in the distraction osteogenesis.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the capillary density and osteoblasts in group C were higher than in groups A and B.RT-PCR results revealed significantly higher expression of eNOS and Osterix mRNA in the local callus in group C on postoperative day 22 than in groups A and group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Local administration of thymosin β4 may promote bone formation,which is probably related to the increased expression of eNOS and Osterix.

The Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol(TRAP)and its modified versions change the size and/or the ratio of the telomerase products in the amplification stage of the assay.Based on TRAP,a useful method was developed for detecting telomerase activity in rice.A special precursor primer and a special reverse primer and conducted two steps of PCR cycles were designed.GENE Genius? Bio-imaging System was applied for this quantitative analysis for exploring telomerase activity and its optimal reaction conditions.The method ensured that the optimal reaction conditions for the telomerase was 19℃,13minutes,at a concentration of 0.28 u g/? l.A quantitative analysis method was established for detecting telomerase activity in rice.With this method,we detected telomerase activity in roots,young leaves and young panicles of six parental lines of hybrid rice.The results show that young panicles have the highest telomerase activity,demonstrating that telomerase activity is closely related to the cell vitality in plants.

[Summary] The aim of this study was to detect the levels of serum miR-130b expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to analyze their correlation with diabetic renal damage. 243 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ( UACR ): normoalbuminuria group (UACR<30 mg/g, n=103), microalbuminuria group (UACR 30-300 mg/g, n=86), and macroalbuminuria group(UACR>300 mg/g, n=54). The levels of serum miR-130b were validated by realtime polymerase chain reaction. Serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) in all patients and 59 healthy volunteers. Compared with control group, the level of serum miR-130b in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group were significantly decreased, gradually with the increases of UACR. The level of serum miR-130b was inversely correlated with blood urea nitrogen ( r=-0. 295, P<0.05), serum creatinine(r=-0. 316, P<0. 05), UACR(r=-0. 463, P<0. 05), but positively related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate(r=0. 367, P<0. 01). The level of serum miR-130b was also negatively correlated to homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 (r=-0. 257,-0. 345,-0. 242,-0. 562,-0. 622, all P<0. 01). The present study indicates that serum miR-130b might be a potential new biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Serum miR-130b might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective: To observe the influence of electroacupuncture with different frequencies on rats swimming endurance and sift out the optimal frequency parameter.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly allocated to control group, non-acupoint group and electroacupuncture with low frequency group (EA with 2 Hz group), electroacupuncture with medium frequency group (EA with 15 Hz group), and electroacupuncture with high frequency group (EA with 100 Hz group), acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) were punctured and rats load swimming time was used as an index, and the change of swimming endurance time before and after acupuncture was observed. Results: After electro-acupuncture, swimming time was increased in 15 Hz and 100 Hz groups respectively, with the significant differences between before and after acupuncture (P＜0.05). There was also a significant difference in the percentage of increase in swimming time between 15 Hz group and other groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion: It is suggested that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3) with a frequency of 15 Hz could enhance rats's swimming endurance, and 15 Hz might be an optimal frequency parameter during the electrical stimulation.

Limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (TIA), a rare manifestation, is commonly caused by severe stenosis or occlusion of an extracranial internal carotid artery. Such patients are usually treated with surgical revascularization or anti-platelet therapy. We present a 56-year-old woman with 6 months’ episodic attacks starting with mouth skewed to the right and a sensation of ‘weakness’ involving predominantly her left arm, and at times, also involved the left leg. This was immediately followed by rhythmic jerky movements of the left arm and at times, also involved the left leg. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed severe stenosis of M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. The patient’s symptoms were signifi cantly improved by treatment with anti-platelet drugs and nimodipine.

Objective To study the differentially expressed genes and analyze its functional pathways of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP),in order to discover the pathogenesis and provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ROP.Methods Fetal eyeballs of induced labor were obtained and retinal microvascular endothelial cells were isolated and cultured.The endothelial cells were divided into 7 groups according to the medium of cobalt chloride (CoC12) concentration (0 μ mol/L,100 μ mol/L,150 pμmol/L,200 μmol/L,250 pμmol/L,300 μmol/L,350 μmol/L),and 150 μmol/L CoCl2 was finally used to induce ROP model in vitro.Retinal microvascular endothelial cells were verified by adopting Ⅷ factor and CD31 antibody fluorescence staining.RNA purification,gene chip hybridization and signi-ficant analysis of microarrays were performed to screen differentially expressed genes.Genes functional pathways were studied by using gene ontology analysis software.Results (1) The proliferation activity of vascular endothelial cells decreased when CoCl2 ≥ 150 μmol/L(F =21,P ＜ 0.05).(2) In 150 μmol/L CoC]2 group,blue nucleus and green cytoplasm were visible in the second and the third generation vascular endothelial cells stained by factor Ⅷ antibody,and red fluorescence could also be observed in the cytoplasm by means of CD31 monoclonal antibody staining.However,only blue nucleus was detected in the group without CoCl2.(3)There were 326 genes differently expressed in retinal micro vascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 in vitro,among whom,198 genes were up-regulated and 128 genes were down-regulated.Up-regulated expression genes were 1.5 times more than those of the down-regulated genes.(4)Ten biological pathways including cell hypoxia,angiogenesis suppression and iron ion transport etc.may play important roles in ROP pathogenesis.Conclusions Hypoxic retinal microvascular endothelial cells induced by CoCl2 can successfully be used to induce cell model of ROP in vitro.Differentially expressed genes may play an important role in ROP development.Functional pathway such as hypoxic cells,inhibition of angiogenesis,iron ion transport may be associated with ROP pathogenesis.