We have constructed an immunotoxin(Ng76-TCS),which was composed of a monoclonalantibody directed against human melanoma and trichosanthin(TCS)——a single chain ribosomeinactivating protein.The cultured human melanoma cells(M21)were inhibited effectively byNg 76-TCS.The cytotoxicity of Ng76-TCS to M21 cells was 2,000-fold higher than that of free TCS and Ng76 mixture.A conjugate,which was prepared with normal mice immunoglobulinand TCS(NIgG-TCS),was 160-fold less cytotoxic to M21 cells.Meanwhile Ng76-TCS was125-fold less cytotoxic to nontarget cells Hela.These results showed that the immunotoxinNg76-TCS was a potent and specific anti-human melanoma agent.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the pathogenic gene locus and prenatal genetic diagnosis of 54 families with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA).Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 54 OCA probands and their families from Gansu Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from May 2014 to May 2020. TYR gene variation screening was performed on the probands by Sanger sequencing. Those with negative results were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and further verification was performed on their parents by Sanger sequencing. Among the 54 families, 15 ml amniotic fluid were collected from 16 women at 18-21 gestational weeks in their subsequent pregnancy. Sanger sequencing combined with short tandem repeats sequence for linkage analysis were performed for genetic analysis. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results:Out of the 54 OCA probands, 48 were diagnosed as OCA1, five were OCA2 and one was OCA4 based on the Sanger sequencing and high-throughput sequencing detection. A total of 26 different variation sites were involved in the 48 OCA1 probands, including 15 missense mutations, five nonsense mutations, three splicing mutations, and three frame-shift mutations, among which, c.929insC (29%, 28/96) was the most frequent mutation, followed by c.896G>A (11%, 11/96), c.832C>T (8%, 8/96) and c.703T>C (5%, 5/96). The diagnosis was confirmed in all 16 fetuses in the 16 families that underwent prenatal diagnosis. Five of them were affected and their mothers chose to terminate the pregnancies, the other 11 pregnancies continued to delivery, including seven heterozygous carriers and four fetuses without the same pathogenic allele as the proband. Maternal contamination was excluded in all prenatal samples using short tandem repeat for linkage analysis. All 11 children were in good health during telephone follow-up one month after birth. Postnatal validations were consistent with the prenatal tests.Conclusions:Genetic diagnosis could accurately identify various types of OCA and help to provide prenatal diagnosis and fertility consultation for subsequent pregnancies.

Objective:To explore the differential diagnostic value of abdominal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), and the ratio of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to alanine transaminase (GTP/ALT) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors.Methods:Ninety liver tumor patients admitted to the Chenzhou First People′s Hospital from February 2020 to May 2022 were selected, including 48 malignant tumors and 42 benign tumors, and were divided into malignant group and benign group. The imaging findings of routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI examination were analyzed for two groups of patients. We compared the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, serum AFP, DCP levels, and GTP/ALT between two groups of patients. The diagnostic value of DWI, individual and combined detection of various serological indicators for malignant tumors was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:There were significant differences in MRI and DWI imaging manifestations between the malignant and benign groups of patients. The ADC values and ADC index of patients in the malignant group at different b values of 50, 400, and 800 s/mm 2 were lower than those in the benign group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The serum AFP, DCP, and GTP/ALT of patients in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of DWI combined with serum AFP, DCP, and GTP/ALT in diagnosing liver malignant tumors were higher than those of DWI alone and each serological indicator alone. Conclusions:The combination of DWI, serum AFP, DCP, and GTP/ALT has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing liver malignant tumors, and has certain clinical value in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver tumors.

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinicopathological features and molecular genetic changes of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC).

METHODSAll the data reviewed were from the files of pathology department of Changhai hospital collected from 1990 to 2006. In totally 706 cases of renal cell carcinoma studied, there were 21 MCRCC cases identified. The clinical and pathological features were assessed, immunohistochemical staining was performed, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were assessed using four microsatellite markers on chromosomes 3, 9 and 14.

RESULTSOf the 21 patients, the age ranged from 34 to 72 years (mean 50 years), 19 were male and two female. Tumors were found incidentally in 18 patients during physical examination, three patients had anemia or microhematuria. Among the 21 patients, 10 tumors were in the left kidney and 11 in the right. Eighteen patients were stage T1, two stage T2, and one stage T3 with perinephric tissue involvement. Follow up information was available in 20 patients, all showed no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Grossly, the tumor size ranged from 0.3 cm to 10.0 cm in the greatest dimension, consisting of multilocular cysts with variable sizes which contained light yellow, colloid or hemorrhagic fluid. The septae varied in thickness (ranged 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm, mean 0.2 cm). Microscopically the cysts were lined by single to multilayered epithelial cells with clear or lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. There were clusters of clear cells seen in the septae stroma. Sixteen tumors were of Fuhrman grade 1, and five were of Fuhrman grade 2. Immunohistochemically, the clear cells were positive for vimentin, ABC, CAM5.2 and EMA. Six samples were positive for CD10, and 16 were positive for NSE. Among 21 patients, PCR amplification was successful in 11 patients. Microsatellite alterations were found in five patients. LOH was observed in 3 of 11 MCRCC (27%), two were at D3S1560 locus, and one at D14S617 locus. MSI frequency was identified in 2 of 11 MCRCC (18%), locating at D9S168 or D14S617 locus, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSMCRCC is an uncommon tumor of kidney, constituting 2.9% of all RCC enrolled into the study. It has distinctive clinical and pathological characteristics with an excellent outcome. Results indicated that MCRCC is a rare entity with low malignant potential.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; genetics ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; genetics ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the antagonism effects of green tea (GT) against microcystin LR (MC-LR) induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice.

METHODSAll 40 male mice were randomly divided into four groups. Mice in group III and IV were pretreated with green tea for free drink at doses of 2 g/L and 12 g/L prior to MC-LR intoxication, for consecutively 18 days. The toxin treatment mice were administered continually intraperitoneal injections of MC-LR at a dose of 10 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) bw from day 6th till sacrifice, continually 13 days. Mice were sacrificed and immediately subjected to necropsy, and the body weight, relative organ weight, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD and GSH), lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and histopathology were systematically evaluated.

RESULTSMC-LR exposure led to increase the oxidative stress and organ injury was significantly observed through biochemical parameters and microscopic evaluation. However, high dose of GT pretreatment caused a significant elevation in serum GSH and SOD levels, and a decrease of serum MDA level as compared with MC-LR control. The mean values of GSH and SOD activities were separately 467.29 mg/L and 139.22 U/ml in group IV. Subsequently, GT pretreatment obviously diminished the serum ALT, AST and Cr activities. Those pathological damages in liver and kidney, were to a certain extent, lessened in GT pretreatment mice in correlation with the biochemical parameters.

CONCLUSIONGT might elevate antioxidant defense system, clean up free radicals, lessen oxidative damages and protect liver and kidney against MC-LR induced toxicity.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microcystins ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; Tea

The steps for installation and withdrawal of WYD2000 field surgical lamp were introduced.The failures and causes of broken cross-arm connector of WYD2000 field surgical lamp were analyzed.The problems of WYD2000 field surgical lamp in vulnerability to breaking and difficulty in maintenance were solved by designing and manufacturing a special maintenance tool and optimizing the materials and fixing mode of cross-arm connection.References were provided for main-tenance and improvement of WYD2000 field surgical lamp.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(4):116-118]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a key treatment for patients with HCC, and the Milan criteria have been adopted as the cornerstone of the selection policy. To allow more patients to benefit from LT, a number of expanded criteria have been proposed, many of which use radiologic morphological characteristics with larger and more tumors as surrogates to predict outcomes. Other groups developed indices incorporating biological variables and dynamic markers of response to locoregional treatment. These expanded selection criteria achieved satisfactory results with limited liver supplies. In addition, a number of prognostic models have been developed using clinicopathological characteristics, imaging radiomics features, genetic data, and advanced techniques such as artificial intelligence. These models could improve prognostic estimation, establish surveillance strategies, and bolster long-term outcomes in patients with HCC. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings and achievements regarding the selection criteria and post-transplant prognostic models for LT in patients with HCC.