This article made primary reseach on the following aspects: fetus's legal status and civil rights,applied law of compensation for damages,legal responsibility' assumed,etc.

Microcystins (MCs) is a potent cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the blue-green algae,Microcystis aeruginosa. The pollution caused by microcystins has become a global concern. Facing to MCs-induced health hazards and potential economic losses,it has an important practical significance to study the effective chemoprotectants against MCs. In this paper,both domestic and abroad researches on the chemoprotectants (silymarin,curcumin,green tea polyphenols,cyclosporin-A,rifampin,trace element supplementation) against MCs were reviewed.

Background Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device implantations have been clinically applied worldwide.In China,50 type and 200 type of Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage devices are used for different types of open angle glaucoma.However,whether the clinical outcomes are similar between 50 type and 200 type of Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage devices are not elucidated.Objective This study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy and security of Ex-PRESS implantation between PS0 type and P200 type of Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage devices for open angle glaucoma Methods A randomized,parallel-group trial was designed,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to entering in the cohort.Eighty eyes of 69 patients with various types of open angle glaucoma were included from March 2012 to April 2013 in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command.The patients were randomized into 2 groups according to randomized digital table.The P50 type Ex-PRESS glaucoma drainage device was implanted in 40 eyes of 35 patients in the P50 group,and P200 type was implanted in 40 eyes of 34 patients in the patients of the P200 group.The disease composition,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) recovery time,theoretical hospitalization days,lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) range and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The average lowing-IOP ranges of the P50 type group and P200 type group were (21.19±11.22) and (24.35±12.27) mmHg,respectively,with an insignificant difference between them (t =-1.201,P＞0.05).The theoretical hospitalization days and BCVA recovery time in the of P50 type group were (3.65±0.92) days and (2.85±0.95)days,and those in the P200 type group were (4.90±0.81) days and (3.40± 0.96) days,showing significant decreases in the P50 type group (t =-6.444,P＜0.01 ;t =-2.584,P＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications were 6.06％ and 25.00％ in P50 type group and P200 type group,respectively,with a significant difference between the two groups (.x2 =9.800,P＜0.05).Conclusions Although P50 and P200 Ex-PRESS implantation provide a similar effect in lowing IOP,P50 type Ex-PRESS implantation can restore BCVA more rapidly and lessen complications in comparison with P200 type Ex-PRESS implantation in the early postoperative stage.

This study was aimed to investigate Baishile Capsule on behavior, memory and expression of SYN I and SYNA in hippocampal CA3 region of depression model rats. SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, which were the control group, depression model group, fluoxetine hydrochloride group, and the Baishile Capsule group (2.88 g·kg-1, 1.44 g·kg-1, 0.72 g·kg-1). The chronic stress depression model rats were established by chronic and mild unpredictable stressors as described in the literature. In the model group, medicine was intragastricly administered once per day and continued for 21 days. In the control group and model group, same volume of distilled water was intragastricly administered. The open-field test, preference for 1% sucrose solution, Morris water maze, and rate of weight were carried out and observed. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used in the observation of the expression of SYN I and SYNA in each group of model rats. The results showed that high-dosage Baishile Capsule can significantly increase the horizontal and vertical activities of score after two-week treatment (P< 0.01). The middle-dosage Baishile Capsule can significantly increase the horizontal activity of score after three-week treatment (P< 0.05). The rat's preference for sucrose solution was obviously increased in the high-dosage group after one-week treatment and in the middle-dosage group after three-week treatment (P< 0.01, or P< 0.05). The rate of weight of rats was obviously increased in the high-dosage group after two-week treatment and in the middle-dosage group after three-week treatment (P< 0.01, or P< 0.05). The high-dosage and middle-dosage Baishile Capsule can shorten EL, and significantly increase the number of target quadrant. The high-dosage Baishile Capsule can obviously shorten the target quadrant latency (P< 0.05). Compared with the model group, the immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed high-dosage Baishile can significantly promote the expression of SYN I and SYNA in hippocampal CA3 region; and the middle-dosage group can enhance the expression of SYNA (P < 0.05, or P <0.01). It was concluded that Baishile Capsule can obviously improve the behavior and the expression of SYN I and SYNA in hippocampal CA3 region of depression model rats.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Gingko Biloba extract (GBE) on acute lung hemorrhage induced by Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in newborn rats. Methods 1. Acute lung hemorrhage models were reproduced by intraperitoneal injection with LPS (5 mg/kg). 2. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,GBE groups (4 mg/kg,8 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg) and LPS group 5 mg/kg. Results In group LPS, extensive lung hemorrhage was observed after 4 hours of injection . TNF - ? iung content was obvious in LPS group. The expression of lung nuclear factor(NF-kB )immunohistochemistry wasobvious. While the parameters were obviously attenuated by GBE before LPS. Conclusion GBE may be useful in the treatment of acute pulmonary inflammatory disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiopoietin-2 ; physiology ; Female ; Glioma ; blood ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia ; blood ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; physiopathology

Computed tomography (CT) is considered the most sensitive method for the detection of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs).The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method of 3-dimentional (3D) localization of IOFBs that takes advantage of the anatomical structure of the optic nerve and to assess the clinical outcomes using this new method.Twenty-two trauma patients with IOFBs or suspected IOFBs admitted to our hospital were scanned with multislice CT (MSCT) between July and December 2003.All scanning was performed with a 16-row spiral CT in axial plane using a sequential scanning protocol.During the scanning,the eyeball of the patient was kept stable and was not allowed to rotate internally or externally.Section collimation was set at 16 mm × 0.75 mm.Table feed was 12 mm.Reconstruction index was 0.75 mm.After scanning,the reconstructed images were loaded into a workstation to create the multiplanar reconstruction images with the aid of the 3D software.We compared the localization results with the operative findings.Multiplanar reconstruction images showed IOFBs in all 22 patients.IOFBs occurred in the eyeball of 14 patients,in the wall of the eyeball of 5 patients and in the posterior orbits of 3 patients.Different surgical procedures were designed according to the localization by this new method and all IOFBs were successfully removed.All of these foreign bodies were metallic and the localization of IOFB using MSCT was consistent with that found by operative findings.It was suggested that MSCT is a simple and effective imaging modality for the localization of IOFBs.In our study,we localized the IOFBs more quickly and accurately by taking advantage of the fixed position of the intraocular segment of the optic nerve,and determined the necessary surgical parameters.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibition of berberine (BBR) against ECV-304 apoptosis induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

METHODSECV-304 cells were pre-treated with 128 microg/mL BBR for 2 h and then S. aureus was added (1:100). The viability of cells was detected by MTT (3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The protection of BBR for infected cells was detected by DNA Ladder.

RESULTSECV-304 cells' viability were not obviously affected by berberine. But S. aureus induced ECV-304 cells' viability could be significantly inhibited by pre-treatment of BBR (P < 0.05). Besides S. aureus-induced ECV-304 apoptosis could be reduced, with significantly lessened apoptotic body and unobvious DNA degradation.

CONCLUSIONBBR could significantly inhibit S. aureus induced ECV-304 apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Berberine ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a new member in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae identified in China. The SFTSV is also the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, the intracellular distribution of nucleocapsid protein (NP) in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells was investigated with serial doses of SFTSV at different times after infection. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrafine intracellular structure of SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells at different times after infection. SFTSV NP could form intracellular inclusion bodies in infected THP-1 cells. The association between NP-formed inclusion bodies and virus production was analyzed: the size of the inclusion body formed 3 days after infection was correlated with the viral load in supernatants collected 7 days after infection. These findings suggest that the inclusion bodies formed in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells could be where the SFTSV uses host-cell proteins and intracellular organelles to produce new viral particles.
Cell Line ; China ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Macrophages ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Phlebotomus Fever ; virology ; Phlebovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Thrombocytopenia ; virology

This study was to investigate the permeability and absorbability of capsaicin cubosome across abdominal skin of the SD rats in vitro. Diffusion of capsaicin cubosome and cream was performed with the modified Franz diffusion cell technique. The capsaicin cubosome showed no enhancement of skin permeation within 24 hours. However, the deposition amounts of capsaicin in the rat skin in the cubosome group was markedly higher than those in the commercial cream group (P < 0.01). Cubosome showed excellent characetristic of skin-targed which could be a good carrier for the local transdermal drug delivery system.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Capsaicin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Male ; Particle Size ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption