Objective:To establish three-dimensional(3D)finite element model of the mandible first molar,and to study the stress distribution.Methods:3D finite element model of the mandible first molar was constructed by CT image reconstruction technique.Then MIMICS software was used to separate the areas and finish 3D calculation.GEOMAGIC software was applied to modify and generate a NURBS surface in each patch.All components of the model were assembled under the ANSYS preprocessor.Specific material parame-ters were selected to simulate the various restoration and dentin status.The 3D finite element model was applied to analyze the stress distribution of the molar under 1 4 different pressure loading conditions.Results:The 3D finite element model of the mandible first molar was established,which was consistent to the situation observed in the clinical environment.The pressure loading n2,n8,n9,n1 0,n1 1 , n1 2,n1 3,n1 4 can be used to represent the bite pressure.Conclusion:It is a practical and accurate way to establish 3D finite element model by CT image reconstruction technique and reverse engineering software MIMICS and GEOMAGIC.

Objective:To establish three-dimensional(3D) finite element models of the first mandibular molar restored with three post and core systems.Methods:Three 3D finite element models of the restored first mandibular molars were constructed by using CT image reconstruction technique.Then MIMICS software was used to separate the areas and to finish 3D calculation.GEOMAGIC software was applied to modify and generate a NURBS surface in each patch.All components of the models were assembled under the ANSYS preprocessor.Specific materials parameters were selected to simulate the various restoration and dentin status.Results:The 3D finite element models of restored first mandible molars were successfully established,which were consistent to the situation observed in the clinical environment.Conclusion:It is a practical and accurate method to establish three-dimensional finite element models by CT image reconstruction technique and reverse engineering software MIMICS and GEOMAGIC.

AIM: To know the psychological conditions of various cataract patients in pre- and post-operative periods.METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2009, 278 cataract patients had been asked to complete a questionnaire anonymously of their self-evaluation of symptoms scale (SCL) before and after operation. In their pre-operative and post-operative surveys, the results were compared with the norms respectively. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A were age-related cataract patients; while Group B were cataract patients with glaucoma, trauma or metabolic disease.RESULTS: When cataract patients' masculine scores of somatization, depression, anxiety and fear factors before and after the operation rank higher than the norms, the differences had statistical significance(P＜0.05), especially the somatization factor(P＜0.01).While cataract patients with diseases such as glaucoma, trauma or diabetes got higher marks than age-related cataract patients in the aspects of anxiety, somatization, depression (P<0.05), and fear factors, the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Cataract patients both in pre- and post- and operative periods have somatization behaviors and emotions of depression, anxiety and fear. Cataract patients with glaucoma, trauma or diabetes especially anxiety have more obvious symptoms than age-related cataract patients.

Objective To determine whether rabbit articular chondrocytes express growth factor genes delivered by recombined rat TGF beta 1,IGF 1 and what other influences on chondrocytes are,and to determine which gene is the best one for osteoarthritis therapy.Methods Monolayer cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes were infected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA 3 and pAT 153 carrying genes encoding the following growth factors respectively:TGF beta 1 and IGF 1.The synthesis of TGF beta 1,IGF 1 and type Ⅱ collagen was measured by in situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry,immunofluoroscopy,flow cytometer and 3 H TdR radiolabeling.Results The expression of TGF beta1,IGF 1 and type Ⅱ collagen was high beyond control levels ( P

Objective To analyze the risk factors of early renal damage in children with Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods The clinical data of 196 children with HSP admitted to our hospital from April 2012 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into the renal damage group and non-renal damage group within 90 d after confirmed diagnosis.The related clinical data such as serum immunoglobulin and urinary microalbumin were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors of early renal damage in children with HSP were screened.Results There were significant differences between the two groups on age,joint symptoms,recurrent purpura,persistent rash,gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain(with χ2 or t of 11.345,16.223,11.275,43.211,12.592,17.771,P<0.05).The white blood cell count,platelet count,immunoglobulin A(IgA) level and urinary albumin level also showed significant differences between the two groups(t=33.750,60.442,9.451,8.458,P<0.05).The multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for early renal damage in children with HSP included age(OR=2.703),recurrent purpura(OR=2.721),persistent skin rash(OR=1.782),gastrointestinal bleeding(OR=11.472),abdominal pain(OR=2.046),IgA level(OR=1.221) and urine microalbumin(OR=3.214).Conclusion Age,recurrent purpura,persistent skin rash,gastrointestinal bleeding,abdominal pain,IgA level and urine microalbumin are closely related to early renal damage in children with HSP.

Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Testis ; abnormalities

Kir2 1. Moreover, drop of pHi reduced the M 1 induced inhibition of Kir3 1/3 4 currents, and enhanced the desensitization of M 2 induced Kir3 1/3 4 activation. CONCLUSION The basal currents and M receptor induced currents of Kir3 1/3 4 can be regulated by intracellular pH. These changes may play some important roles in pathophysiological conditions like cardiac ischemia.

Objective To investigate the value of urinary calprotectin in differential diagnosis between prerenal and intrinsic pediatric acute renal injury(AKI).Methods A total of 68 cases with AKI were enrolled in this study,and they were divided into prerenal AKI group(25 cases) and intrinsic AKI group(43 cases) according to their tissue perfusion.The general data was collected,and the blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinie(Scr),BUN/Scr,potassium,fractional excretion of filtrated sodium(FENa),urine osmotic pressure,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),urinary calprotectin,neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL),kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results There were significant differences between prerenal AKI group and intrinsic AKI group in Scr[(439.0 ± 278.0) μmol/L vs.(603.0 ± 286.0) μmol/L,t =2.30,P ＜ 0.05],BUN/Scr (20.58 ±5.62 vs.14.93 ±4.32,t =4.65,P＜0.05),FENa[(1.5 ±0.6)％ vs.(8.1 ±2.6)％,t =12.46,P＜ 0.05],BNP[95.6(54.0,109.4) ng/L vs.512.3(320.1,520.3) ng/L,Z =2.21,P ＜0.05],urinary calprotectin [20.7(4.3,42.4) μg/L vs.402.4(60.1,498.7) μg/L,Z=3.13,P＜0.05] and NGAL[74.9(14.5,365.5) μg/L vs.684.2(56.2,1 502.5) μg/L,Z =2.35,P ＜0.05].Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that urinary calprotectin[area under the curve(AUC) =0.940] and BNP(AUC =0.909) both had higher value in differential diagnosis.When the cut off value of calprotectin was 240.6 μg/L,its specificity was 96.0％ and the sensitivity was 86.0％.When the cut off value of BNP was 120.6 ng/L,its specificity was 92.0％ and the sensitivity was 90.7％.The diagnostic accuracy was low in Scr,but moderate in BUN,Scr,FENa and NGAL.BUN,potassium,urine osmotic pressure and Kim-1 had no diagnostic value.Conclusions Urinary calprotectin may have higher diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis between prerenal and intrinsic pediatric AKT.It can be used in the clinical diagnosis as a reference index.

Aim To study the modulation of KCNQ2/3 potassium cha nn els by extracellular pH.Methods In vitro transcription was used to synthesize cRNA of KCNQ2/3 potassium channels.The cRNA was injected into Xenopus oocytes to express the KCNQ2/3 channel.The modulation of KCNQ2/3 potass ium channels by extracellular pH was studied by two electrodes voltage clamp tec hniques.Results KCNQ2/3 currents were inhibited and current-vo ltage relationship of activation were shifted to the right with decreased extrac ellular pH. pH modulation of KCNQ2/3 currents was voltage dependent,with a more pronounced effect at more negative potentials above the activation threshold (-60 mV). Extracelluar pH also decreased activation and deactivation kinetics of KCNQ2/3 currents.Conclusion KCNQ2/3 channels, known to contr ibute to neuronal excitability, were modulated by extracelluar pH. The profound effects of the extracelluar pH exerted on KCNQ2/3 channel may play an important role during physiology neuronal activity and pathological events such a s epileptic seizures, cerebral ischemia and shock etc.