Objective To analyze the risk factors of early renal damage in children with Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP).Methods The clinical data of 196 children with HSP admitted to our hospital from April 2012 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into the renal damage group and non-renal damage group within 90 d after confirmed diagnosis.The related clinical data such as serum immunoglobulin and urinary microalbumin were compared between the two groups,and the risk factors of early renal damage in children with HSP were screened.Results There were significant differences between the two groups on age,joint symptoms,recurrent purpura,persistent rash,gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain(with χ2 or t of 11.345,16.223,11.275,43.211,12.592,17.771,P<0.05).The white blood cell count,platelet count,immunoglobulin A(IgA) level and urinary albumin level also showed significant differences between the two groups(t=33.750,60.442,9.451,8.458,P<0.05).The multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for early renal damage in children with HSP included age(OR=2.703),recurrent purpura(OR=2.721),persistent skin rash(OR=1.782),gastrointestinal bleeding(OR=11.472),abdominal pain(OR=2.046),IgA level(OR=1.221) and urine microalbumin(OR=3.214).Conclusion Age,recurrent purpura,persistent skin rash,gastrointestinal bleeding,abdominal pain,IgA level and urine microalbumin are closely related to early renal damage in children with HSP.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms(AAAs) is the most common aneurysm,and usually characterized by less symptom.While ruptured AAAs leads to high mortality.Abdominal ultrasonography can effectively detect AAA,decrease the AAAs-related mortality.However,screening AAAs causes some adverse outcomes,including psychological distress and immediate harms in treatment.Meanwhile,the prevalence of AAAs in sex and age is significantly different.Therefore,a reasonable and effective screening strategy is very important.This article search random control trials,systematic reviews,meta-analysis and guidelines in screening AAAs to obtain a reasonable screening strategy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent type of dementia in elderly,which has been regarded as a neurodegenerative disease.The traditional point of view considers that AD and vascular dementia are two different types of dementias both from their pathogenesis and treatment;however,in recent years,a growing body of evidence indicates that the vascular factors are playing an important role in the development and occurrence of AD.This article reviews cerebral ischemia and its risk factors including the effects of hypertension,diabetes,and cholesterol in the development and occurrence of AD,so as to provide new strategies in preventing,and delaying the occurrence and progression of AD.

Objective To confirm the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by semen and to investigate the impact of vaginal status on the transmission of T. gondii in female rabbits. Methods Sixteen male rabbits were infected with T. gondii by intraperitoneal injection each with 1 ×105 RH tachyzoites. Eight rabbits died in 8-14 d after infection.Artificial vagina was used to collect semen from male rabbits weekly before and after infection for 8 weeks. If more than 2 portions of semen from 8 survived male rabbits were collected after infection, the collected semen was mixed weekly for later use. Twenty-seven female rabbits were divided into 4 groups: group 1 with normal vagina (7 rabbits), group 2with wounded vagina (7), group 3 with trichomonas vaginitis (7) and group 4 with colpomycosis infection (6). Tachyzoites were found in mixed semen digested by trypsinase, and were used for endovaginal artificial insemination to female rabbits by uterine cavity tube once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. 2-3 d after every insemination, 2 ml blood was collected from helix vein of each rabbit, and stored at -40 ℃ for use. Anti-T. gondii antibody was examined by ELISA and the B1 gene of T. gondii was detected by PCR. Results Anti-T. gondii antibody was detected in some rabbits (2, 3, 1, and 1 rabbits from each of the groups respectively) on the 16th day after the first insemination. The positive rate of ELISA was 25.9%. The amplification of B1 gene (200 bp) by PCR appeared positive from the blood samples on the 3rd day after the first insemination and the last positive one was proved on the 51th day after the first insemination.Number of positive samples was 2, 1, 3 and 1 in the 4 groups respectively, with an overall PCR positive rate of 18.5%.Only 3 of the 27 rabbits were positive by both ELISA and PCR. Conclusions T. gondii can be transmitted by semen and the health status of vagina shows no impact on it.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism

AlM: To discuss the application effect of surgical simulator to improve the microsurgical skills in junior ophthalmologist. METHODS: Lecture teaching, training in surgical simulator and operation in animal eyes were received in all these ophthalmologists. Results of the ability of operation in cataract surgery after this training were analyzed. RESULTS: After taught theory, students completed cataract surgical procedures on simulator and the mean test score was 75. 91 ± 6. 53 points. After trained on simulator repeatedly, the mean test score was 85. 57±4. 64 points. There was statistically significant difference ( P<0. 01) . During the third stage of practicing on animal eyes, the score was 89. 77 ± 7. 61 points, there was statistically significant difference compared with former two stages (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Comprehensive training can improve microsurgical skills of junior ophthalmologist, but the long effect need to be observed.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of adrenomedullin (AM) on the cell-cell contact formation of podocytes and the possible mechanism.Methods Podocytes were treated with AM (10-7 mol/L),AM combined with a PKA inhibitor H89 (10-4 mol/L),and forskolin (10-5 mol/L) as positive control respectively for 12 hours.Immunofluorescent staining was applied to observe the distribution of cell adhesion molecules and actin-associated proteins.Western blotting assay was used to assess their protein levels.Rho GTPases activity was analyzed by GST-pull down assay and their protein levels were tested by Western blotting.Results AM induced the redistribution of adhesion molecules,actin-associated proteins as well as the F-actin at cell-cell contacts between podocytes.This effect was similar to that of forskolin and could be blocked by H89.The levels of those proteins did not change significantly (P ＞ 0.05).AM up-regulated the activities of RhoA,Rac1 and Cdc42 (P ＜ 0.05),which were partially blocked by H89.The protein levels of Rho GTPases showed no difference compared with the control (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions AM may promote cell-cell contact formation of podocytes,probably through enhancing the activity of Rho GTPases and then resulting in the redistribution of adhesion molecules,actin-associated proteins and F-actin,which is partially mediated through cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.

Objective To study the efficacy of chitosan on rehabilitation treatment after sinuses open surgery .Methods Fifty-six cases patients after sinuses open surgery were collected during June 2013 to October 2014 and divided into experimental group and control group by random sampling method, 28 cases in each group.The experimental group were smeared with chitosan on surface after cleaning by normal saline, while control group cleaned by normal saline alone.The efficacy, adhesion of nasal mucosa and time of mucosa complete epithelialization in two groups at three and six months were analysed while out-patient review.ResuIts After three and six months, the total effective rate of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group[85.71% vs.60.71%(χ2 =4.46,P<0.05);92.86% vs.67.86%(χ2 =5.54,P<0.05)].The time of mucosa complete epithelialization in experimental group was (50.4 ±6.5)d, which was shorter than (62.3 ±7.5)d of control group (t=6.34,P<0.05).After three and six months, the nasal mucosa without adhesion in experimental group was better than that in control group (χ2 =5.60, χ2 =5.49;P<0.05). ConcIusion Chitosan can promote nasal mucosa epithelialization, reduce adhesion of nasal mucosa, improve the postoperative curative effect of chronic nasal-sinusitis.

Recent studies have found that peptide therapies tar-geting specific epitopes can avoid nonspecific immune suppres-sion induced by traditional medicines for the treatment of autoim-mune diseases, and have shown great therapeutic effect in ani-mal models of autoimmune diseases and clinical trials. The pa-per summaries the research progress and trends of peptide drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases from candidate peptide sources and their suppression mechanisms, which can provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of immune toler-ance and allow for discovery of new treatment for autoimmune diseases.