Objective To investigate the possible influence of immunosuppressive therapy,including sirolimus (SRL) and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI, tacrolimus), on level of Treg in the liver allo-graft recipients, Methods Forty-seven liver transplant recipients with stable liver function were assessed for at least 2 years, and divided into two groups: one composed of 15 patients receiving SRL,and another, of those receiving CNI (32 patients with tacrolimus). Thirty-eight age-matched healthy subjects (HS) were used as normal controls. We examined the expression of CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 in peripheral blood monouclear cells. Treg of every group was analyzed using Cell Quest software.Results SRL significantly increased the prevalence of CD4+ CD25high T cells, compared with HS and CNI group. The prevalence of CD4+ CD25high T cells of CNIs group was significantly lower than that of HS. The percentage of CD4+ CD25high T cells in the total CD4+ T cells was 1.88 % (1.56 %-2. 60 %), 1. 15 % (0. 57 %-l. 48 %) and 0. 84 % (0. 46 %-1. 45 %) in SRL, NS and CNI group,respectively (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Foxp3 was expressed in more than 95 % of CD4 + CD25high T cells and less than 20 % of CD4+ CD25low T cells, whereas not expressed in CD4+ CD25- T cells.Conclusion Different immunosuppressive therapy (SRL or CNI) might have different roles in tolerance induction in liver transplant recipients. Namely, SRL promoted the induction of allo-antigen tolerance, but CNI hampered the progression.

To establish a method for determination contents of schizandrin, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone II (A) and schizandrin B in rongxin pills. The HPLC method was performed on an Agilent C18. The mobile phase was composed of methnol and water wish gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength wash 240 nm. The linear of schizandrin, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, Tanshinone II (A) and schizandrin B were 3.000-48.00 (r = 1.000), 3.985-63.76 (r = 0.999 9), 6.370-101.9 (r = 1.000), 8.690-139.0 (r = 0.999 9), 1.700-27.20 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9), respectively. The average recoveries were 98.44%, 100.3%, 99.29%, 99.07%, 98.42%, and RSDs were 0.61%, 1.1%, 0.52%, 0.72%, 0.97%. The method is convenient, accurate and has good precision. It can be used for determination of the preparation.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclooctanes ; analysis ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Linear Models ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE:To train the students’ability about true-and-false identification of pini pollen,typhae pollen and Lygo-dium japonicum. METHODS:Teachers firstly used flexible and diversifided teaching methods to train the learning interest of stu-dents,and then picture antithesis,classroom presentation and other methods were used to teach the distinctive features between the true and false traditional Chinese medicine in the characters of identification. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:There were obvious dif-ference among the colors,physicochmical poperties,microscopic characteristics and other aspects of 3 traditional Chinese medi-cines. According to the teaching,the students could not only distinguish the 3 traditional Chinese medicines accurately, but also could identify the true-and-false of them. picture antithesis and classroom presentation method are simple and vivid, and can be used for the training of students’ability about true-and-false identification.

Objective: To analyse the level of glucose concentration in saliva and to study the relationship between the level of blood glucose and that of salivary glucose.Methods: Blood glucose level and the glucose concentration in unstimulated mixed saliva taken from testee were measured with Beckman SYNCHRON CX7 System in 60 patients with diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy subjects. Results: The average value of salivary glucose concentration in experimental group was (1.950?0.179) mmol/L, that in control group was (0.953?0.124) mmol/L(P

Objective To study the relationships of hemoglobin(Hb)level with the levels of neurohormones,and cytokines,and the effect of them on ventricular remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF). Methods Hb level,serum angiotensinⅡ(Ang Ⅱ ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),nitric oxide(NO),soluble intereellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)were measured in 121 CHF patients.The left ventrieular ejection fraction (LVEF)from echocardiography,left ventricular mass index(LVMI),and mean wall stress(MWS)were calculated. Results The levels of Ang Ⅱ,TNF-α,NO,siCAM-1,BNP[(144.5±64.1)ng/L,(92.3±6.4)ng/L,(65.2±4.2)μmol/L,(253.6±26.0)μg/L,(1294.0±223.0)ng/L]and LVMI,MWS in the anemia group of CHF patients were higher than those in the non-anemia group[(76.7±48.5)ng/L,(55.6±10.2)ng/L,(42.1±11.9)μmol/L,(237.18±33.26)μg/L,(437.0±115.0)ng/L,all P＜0.01].With the increase of anemia severity,the levels of AngⅡ,TNF-α,NO,siCAM-1,BNP and LVMI,MWS were significantly increased.There were negative correlations between Hb level and the 1evels of AngⅡ,TNF-α,NO,siCAM-1,BNP,LVMI,MWS(r=-0.8173,-0.8509,-0.6001,-0.6692,-0.6283,-0.8604,-0.8733,all P＜0.01),and negative correlations between LVMI,MWS and Hb levels and LVEF(P＜0.01). Conclusions Neurohormones and cytokines play roles in ventrieular remodeling and anemia in CHF aggravates the severity of ventricular remodeling.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Antidotes ; therapeutic use ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; poisoning ; Diazepam ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Unithiol ; therapeutic use

Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; Public Health Informatics

Objective To understand the effectiveness of China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)for outbreak detection at the regional level.Methods Two counties in Hunan province(Yuelu and Shuangfeng county)and two counties in Yunnan province(Xishan and Gejiu county)were chosen as the study areas. Data from CIDARS were analyzed on the following items: reported cases, warning signals, the time interval of signal response feedback, way of signal verification, outcome of signal verification and field investigation, from July 1,2008 to June 30,2010. Results In total, 12 346 cases from 28 kinds of diseases were reported,and 2096 signals of 19 diseases were generated by the system, with an average of 4.94 signals per county per week. The median of time interval on signal verification feedback was 0.70 hours(P25-P75:0.06-1.29 h)and the main way of signal preliminary verification was through the review of surveillance data(account for 63.07%). Among all the signals, 34 of them(1.62%)were considered to be related to suspected events via the preliminary verification at the local level. Big differences were found to have existed on the proportion of signals related to the suspected events of the total signals among the four counties, with Shuangfeng county as 4.71%, Yuelu county as 1.88%, Gejiu county as 0.95% and Xishan county as 0.58%. After an indepth study on the fields of suspected events, 12outbreaks were finally confirmed, including 5 on rubella, 4 on mumps, 2 on influenza and 1 on typhoid fever. Conclusion CIDARS could be used to assist the local public health institutions on early detection of possible outbreaks at the early stage. However, the effectiveness was different depending on the regions and diseases.

Objective To reveal the characteristics and stability of the system through the analyzing the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome via the syndromic surveillance system which was established during the Shanghai World Expo in Pudong New District and provide references for the development and operation optimization on this Mass Gatherings Surveillance Systems.Methods Data used was from the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome collected from Pudong New District Syndromic Surveillance System,through May 1 to October 31,2010.On the basis of description of data characteristics,correlation analyses were conducted,when compared to the surveillance data of respiratory-feverous syndrome and Pudong influenza-like illness (ILI) used as reference.Comparison of variances on the surveillance data and the report lag time of the earlier and later surveillance periods were also carried out to evaluate the quality and stability of data.Results Reports on the respiratory-feverous syndrome showed a peak in late September with day-of-week effects and holiday effects.Correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was the strongest in the same day (r=0.596,P＜0.05).In the earlier surveillance period from 2010-05-01 to 2010-07-31,the correlation between respiratory-feverous syndrome and ILI was not obvious (r=-0.058,P＞0.05) ; however,the two-time series showed consistent trend with the correlation coefficient as 0.798 (P＜0.05),in the later period from 2010-08-01 to 2010-10-31.In addition,variability of the surveillance data on respiratory-feverous syndrome was less in the later period than in the earlier one,with quality of the report on relatcd data better in the later period.Analyses on the correlations of reference sequence,variability and quality of report indicated that the stability of the later surveillance period was better than the earlier one.Conclusion Only with the operation of syndromic surveillance system for a certain period of time,could data in the system maintain stability.Surveillance data showed both day-of-week effects and holiday effects,suggesting that there was a need to choose early warning models with short baseline data.

Objective To study the effect of ratanasampil (RNSP) which is Traditional Tibetan Medicine on the levels of serum β-amyloid protein, interleukin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods One hundred AD patients were divided into two groups in randomized controlled study, including treatment group (RNSP 1 g/d) and control group (piracetam 2.4 g/d). The treatment lasted 12 weeks. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer' s disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADLs) were taken to evaluate the efficacy. Serum levels of amyloid peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42 ) were measured by ELISA assay. The radioimmunologic assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Results The scores of MMSE, ADAS-cog and ADL significantly improved at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0.01, 0.01, 0.05, respectively), while had no significant changes in piracetam group (P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Aβ42 were significantly lower in RNSP group than in Piracetam group (P＜0.01). There was a decrease trend of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio at 12 weeks after RNSP treatment (P＜0. 05, P＜0.01 ). The serum Aβ42 level had strong correlations with TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. There were no significant differences in Aβ40 and IL-8 between RNSP group and piracetam group. No obvious drug side effect happened on the groups. Conclusions The reductions of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels after RNSP treatment may lead to decrease of Aβ42 production in AD patients. RNSP may decrease the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and slow down the progress of AD. It may improve the learning and memory ability in treating patients with mild to moderate AD and is well tolerated and safe.