0.05).The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes in those with more than two kinds of autoantibodies was markedly higher than those with only one kind of autoantibody(P

Background There is multi-dimensional order of spatial stereopsis perception in human,however,current stereopsis examination is zero-order of position disparity.A multi-dimensional space perception model is very important for the detection of stereoacuity.Objective This study was to screen the deficit of zero-order,first-order,second-order multi-dimensional spatial stereopsis perception in amblyopia and strabismus children and to explore the association of zero-order,first-order,second-order spatial perception deficit.Methods Multidimensional spacial perception was examined in 79 children aged 4-14 years in Beijing Children' s Hospital.Nineteen normal children,19 children with ametropia amblyopia,12 children with anisometropic amblyopia,18 children with strabismus and 11 children with strabismus combined amblyopia were included this study.The random-dot and line spatial stereopsis perception in zero-order,first-order and second-order were examined with a new system of multidimensional space perception screening.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject or custodian before any ocular examination associated with this study.Results Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order random-dot channel was found in 24 children (24/79,30.4％),18 children (18/79,22.8％) and 24 children (24/79,30.4％) respectively,with an average percentage of 27.9％.Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order line channel was examined in 37 children (37/79,46.8％),37 children (37/79,46.8％),32 children (32/79,40.5％),with an average percentage of 44.7％.In the children with a deficiency of the zero-order spatial perception,the children who still remained the first-order or/and second-order spatial perception of random-dot accounted for 41.6％ and that of lines accounted for 43.2％.In children without deficiency of zero-order random-dot or lines spatial space perception,deficiency of first-order and/or second-order spatial perception was in 37.5％ children.Various order spatial perception deficiency was seen in children suffering from amblyopia or strabismus compared with normal group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exists spatial perception deficiency in children with amblyopia or strabismus.The patients with zero-order spatial perception absence partially remain a first-order or/and second-order spatial perception;while the patients with normal zero-order spatial perception might have first-order or second-order spatial perception deficiency.The multi-dimensional space perception model has a directive role for the training of visual information process and the treatment of spatial perceptual learning in children with amblyopia or strabismus.

Objective To discuss the feasibility and accuracy of left atrial appendage (LAA)ejection fraction by real-time 3 dimensional imaging (3D-EF),and tissue velocity of the LAA wall by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)via transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)in assessing LAA functions.Methods A total number of 76 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)were included in the study consecutively and underwent TEE for LAA investigations.3D-EF,fractional area change by 2 dimensional imaging (2D-FAC),peak emptying velocity (PEV),LAA tissue velocity by TDI at the mid-portion of lateral wall (TDI-L),mid-portion of septal wall (TDI-S)and the apical tip (TDI-A)were calculated.Results Statistic analysis showed the following results:1 )2D-FAC,3D-EF,PEV,TDI-L,TDI-S and TDI-A were all significantly higher in patients with sinus rhythm than those with AF during the TEE examinations (all P <0.05),and significantly higher in patients without spontaneous echo contrast (SEC)than those who had SEC (all P <0.05);2)The results of 3D-EF showed a good correlation with 2D-FAC (r=0.727,P =0.000),and their correlations with PEV were similar (2D-FAC and PEV:r =0.685;3D-EF and PEV:r =0.632,both P =0.000);3)TDI-A [(14.95±4.63)cm/s]were significantly higher than TDI-L [(12.62±3.96)cm/s]and TDI-S [(12.68±3.59)cm/s](both P =0.000).The correlations of TDI-A with PEV,2D-FAC and 3D-EF were all marked higher than those of TDI-L and TDI-S (with PEV:r=0.840 vs r=0.564,r=0.524;with 2D-FAC:r=0.701 vs r=0.486,r=0.504;with 3D-EF:r=0.753 vs r=0.493,r=0.522,all P <0.05). Conclusions 3D TEE is feasible and reliable in assessing LAA emptying function.The best location for LAA tissue velocity evaluation is the apical tip.

Objective To compare the errors of double-center and single-center setup, and to study the role of both on reducing the rotational setup errors for the patients with esophageal carcinoma depend on rigid registration errors between online kV-cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) images and plans for CT images. Methods 20 patients with middle esophageal carcinoma received image scanning before treatment every week by using double-center setup and CBCT, and single-center setup images of 20 patients were taken from the X volume image (XVI) system. Then the images of both setup types, registration errors of CT image and rotational setup errors were compared respectively. Every patient received kV-CBCT scanning analysis before treatment every week, and 6 times in total. 240 group of kV-CBCT images from all of the patients were off-line matched with plans for CT images to calculate the errors of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis. Then the data of linear errors and rotational setup errors from patients were collected, aiming at putting the error data into the patients treatment program and analyzing the significances. Results The standard registration of double-center setup was as follows: T (X) (0.28 ±0.19) cm, T (Y) (0.27 ±0.19) cm, T (Z) (0.33 ±0.12) cm, R (X) (0.40 ±0.19)° , R (Y) (0.30 ±0.18)° , R (Z) (0.30 ±0.19)° . The standard registration of single-center setup was as follows:T(X) (0.32±0.20) cm, T(Y) (0.29±0.25)cm, T(Z) (0.31±0.16) cm, R(X) (2.2±0.68)°, R(Y) (0.5±0.32)°, R(Z) (2.10±0.60)°. There were statistical differences between linear errors in T(X) and rotational setup errors in R(X), R(Y) or R(Z) (P< 0.05). Conclusion Double-center position can reduce the rotational setup errors, especially in X-axis, Y-axis errors, and may provide more help for the radiation oncology departments without on-board CBCT.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays as a double edged sword in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, hinging on its effect on the intracellular energy storage and injury severity, and the prognosis has relationship with intervention timing. During ischemia injury, apoptosis and oncosis are the two main cell death pathway sin the ischemic core. The participation of astrocytes in ischemia-reperfusion induced cell death has triggered more and more attention. Here, we examined the protective effects and intervention timing of the PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34, by using a mixed oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGDR) model of primary rat astrocytes in vitro, which could mimic the ischemia-reperfusion damage in the "ischemic core". Meanwhile, cell death pathways of various PJ34 treated astrocytes were also investigated. Our results showed that PJ34 incubation (10 μmol/L) did not affect release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from astrocytes and cell viability or survival 1 h after OGDR. Interestingly, after 3 or 5 h OGDR, PJ34 significantly reduced LDH release and percentage of PI-positive cells and increased cell viability, and simultaneously increased the caspase-dependent apoptotic rate. The intervention timing study demonstrated that an earlier and longer PJ34 intervention during reperfusion was associated with more apparent protective effects. In conclusion, earlier and longer PJ34 intervention provides remarkable protective effects for astrocytes in the "ischaemic core" mainly by reducing oncosis of the astrocytes, especially following serious OGDR damage.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Humans ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive cocci in China in 2008.Methods From June 2008 to December 2008,1171 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-positive cocci were collected from 12 teaching hospitals.The MICs of antibacterial agents was determined by agar dilution method.Results The prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRSCoN) was 49.9%(232/465) and 74.0%(179/242),respectively.The MRSA prevalence ranged from 33.3% to 65% in different regions.About 71.1%(108/152) of Staphylococcus aureus from respiratory tract specimens,48.3%(28/58) of Staphylococcus aureus from blood samples,and 36%(68/189) of Staphylococcus aureus from the pus,wound and sterile body fluid samples were resistant to methicillin.The susceptible rates of MRSA to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(SXT) and chloramphenicol were 81.5%(183/232) and 89.7%(208/232).Susceptibility to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines,rifampicin,and quinolones were from 3.9% to 35.0%.All Staphylococci isolates were susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid.Three vacomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were found in this study.About 96.2%(101/105) of Enterococcus faecalis and 97%(130/134) of Enterococcus faecium were susceptible to linezoild.Fifty-one out of 105 of Enterococcus faecalis(48.6%)and 101 out of 134 Enterococcus faecium(75.4%)were resistant to high concentration gentaroicin.The susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to all the antibiotics except for chloramphenicol and tetracycline was higher than that of Enterococcus faecium.Enterococcus faecium isolates showed a high resistant prevalence to most of antibiotics except glycopeptides and linezolid.The prevalence of PISP among 225 isolates was was 36.6%(15/41),and the prevalence of PNSSP from the other patients ranged from 15.4% to 26.6%.The susceptible rates of PSSP to cefprozil,cefuroxime and cefaclor were 67.5%(114/169),66.3%(112/169) and 61.5%(104/169),respectively.All the PISP isolates were resistant to the above three antibiotics.Teicoplanin,vancomycin and linezolid were the most active agents against Staphylococcus pneumoniae(susceptible rate,100%).About 96.9%,97.8% and 98.2% Staphylococcus pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin,levofloxacin,and moxifloxacin,respectively.The susceptible rates of Staphylococcus pneumoniae to ceftriaxone,chloramphenicol and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were 81.3%,77.3%,and 68.0%,respectively.The susceptibility of Staphylococci pneumoniae to macrolides,SXT and tetracycline ranged from 11.6% to 23.6%.Conclusions The prevalence of VRE is low in China.However,methicillin-resistance among Staphylococci isolates was high.The prevalence of PNNSP isolated from (≤)3 years children is higher than in the other age population.Teicoplanin,vancomycin,and linezolid remain high activity against Staphylococci,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium,and Staphylococcus pneumoniae.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive cocci in 14 teaching hospitals in China in 2011.Methods From June 2011 to December 2011,1498 consecutive and non-repetitive gram-positive cocci were collected from 14 teaching hospitals.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibacterial agents was determined by agar dilution method.A retrospective study was conducted on rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents.Data was compared using chi-square test.Results The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillinresistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) was 43.7％ (222/508),and 85.6％ (214/250),respectively.The MRSA prevalence ranged from 20.0％ to 63.5％ in different regions.About 58.2％ (82/141) of Staphylococcus aureus from respiratory tract specimens,44.8％ (48/107) of Staphylococcus aureus from blood samples,and 23.8％ (31/130) of Staphylococcus aureus from pus and wound were resistant to methicillin.The susceptible rates of MRSA to chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim SXT were 94.1％ (209/222) and 83.3％ (185/222),respectively.Susceptibility to gentamycin,erythromycin,clindamycin,tetracyclines,rifampicin and quinolones were from 11.3％ to 52.3％.All Staphylococci isolates were susceptible to vancomycin,teicoplanin,linezolid and daptomycin.Five vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains were found in this study.All enterococcus isolates were susceptible to daptomycin(268/268),and 98.3％ (118/120) of E.faecalis and 99.3％ (147/148) of E.faecium were susceptible to linezoild.About 45.9％ (68/148) of E.faecalis and 67.5％ (81/120) of E.faecium were resistant to high concentration gentamycin.The susceptibility of E.faecalis to all the antibiotics except for chloramphenicol and tetracycline was higher than that of E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillinnonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSSP) was 15.5％ (37/239).The prevalence of PNSSP in children below 3 years-old was 25％ (13/52),and the prevalence of PNSSP from other patients was 13％(24/187).About 91.6％ (219/239),88.7％ (212/239) and 88.3％ (211/239) of S.pneumonia was resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracyclines.All S.pneumoniae strains were susceptible to teicoplanin,vancomycin,linezolid,tigecycline and daptomycin.Penicillin still showed high activity against Streptococcus spp.β-hemolytic group.More than 60％ of Streptococcus.spp.β-hemolytic group are resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracyclines.Conclusions Based on regions,the resistance rates of Gram-positive cocci are different,of which,the increasing tendency should be taken seriously.Teicoplanin,vancomycin,linezolid,tigecycline and daptomycin show very high activity against Gram-positive cocci.

Objective Toinvestigateantimicrobialresistanceamonggram-positivecocciinChinain 2013.Methods Retrospectivestudy.FromJune2013toDecember2013,1663consecutiveandnon-repetitive gram-positive cocci were collected from 15 teaching hospitals. The minimal inhibitory concentration ( MIC) of antibacterial agents was determined by agar dilution method. A retrospective study was conducted on rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae ( PRSP) between children and adult patients and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between elder group and younger adult patients were compared using chi-square test. Results The prevalence of PRSP in children below 3 years old ( 72. 9%, 51/70 ) was higher than adult patients (55. 2%, 106/192) (χ2 =6. 653,P<0. 05). About 94. 9%(261/275) and (92. 7%,255/275) of S. pneumonia were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. All S. pneumoniae strains were susceptible to teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin. Penicillin still showed very high activity against Streptococcus spp. β-Hemolytic group. More than 60% of Streptococcus spp.β-Hemolytic group were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracyclines. The prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci(MRCoNS) was 39. 7%(229/576) and 80. 6%(224/278), respectively. The MRSA prevalence ranged from 24. 2% to 70. 0% in different regions. About 52. 6%( 100/190 ) of Staphylococcus aureus from respiratory tract specimens, 38. 5%(40/104)of Staphylococcus aureus from blood samples, and 29. 7%(58/195) of Staphylococcus aureus from wound and pus were resistant to methicillin. The prevalence of MRSA in elder group ( 48. 6%, 84/173 ) was higher than that in younger adult patients (35. 7%, 144/403)(χ2 =8. 322,P <0. 05). The susceptibility rates of MRSA to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 86. 4% ( 244/228 ) and 94. 7% ( 237/228 ) , respectively. Susceptibility rates to gentamycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclines, rifampicin and quinolones were ranged from 15. 8% to 59. 6%. All Staphylococci isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline. All Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to daptomycin and tigecycline. All E. faecalis ( 158/158 ) and 96. 4% ( 133/138 ) of E. faecium were susceptible to teicoplanin. About 98. 0% ( 150/153 ) of E. faecalis and 97. 1% ( 145/138 ) of E. faecium were susceptible to linezoild. About 45. 8% (70/153) of E. faecalis and 60. 9% (84/138) of E. faecium were resistant to gentamycin with a high concentration. The susceptibility of E. faecalis to all the antibiotics tested exceptchloramphenicolandtetracyclinewashigherthanthatofE.faecium.Conclusions Basedon different age groups and regions, the resistance rates of Gram-positive cocci are different. Teicoplanin, vancomycin, tigecycline, daptomycin, linezolid and tedizolid showed very high activity against Gram-positive cocci. (Chin J Lab Med,2015,38:373-381)

Genes encoding nucleocaspid (N) and membrane (M) protein of SARS coronavirus were obtained by RT-PCR and were cloned into expression vector pET22b and pBV222. DNA sequencing showed that the genes cloned from a patient in Beijing were identical to the gene sequences from reported Toronto strain. The genes were over-expressed in E. coli either as inclusion body or as soluble form. The recombinant proteins were purified by ion-exchange, or ion-exchange followed by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The recombinant N protein was demonstrated highly antigenic and could be employed as antigen to detect SARS antibodies in ELISA system for SARS diagnosis.
Chromatography, Affinity ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nucleocapsid Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Structural Proteins ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

Objective By analyzing the cases of cryptorchidism owing to dysplasia in children to explore how to apply orchidectomy in the treatment of children with cryptorchidism. Methods Two hundred and seven cryptorchi-dism patients with dysplasia who underwent surgical treatment were collected in the Department of Urology,Anhui Province Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from July 2005 to May 2016. All the patients were true cryptorchidism,aged from 0. 6 to 11. 4 years [(4. 7 ± 1. 2)years]. There were 78 cases of left cryptorchidism,104 cases of right cryptorchidism and 25 cases of bilateral cryptorchidism. All cases underwent ultrasound examination be-fore surgery,showing that there were no testis in 53 cases,testicular atrophy or dysplasia in 154 cases. All cases under-went surgical treatment,including 149 cases of inguinal incision alone,groin incision combined with laparoscopic explo-ration in 47 cases and simple laparoscopic surgery in 11 cases. Communication with the parents of all the children was conducted during operation. One hundred and sixty - seven cases of mild and moderate testicular dysplasia underwent testicular descending fixation. Forty cases of severe dysplasia or testicular atrophy,including 16 cases of intrahepatic unilateral cryptorchidism and 22 cases of unilateral cryptorchidism outside the abdomen which underwent testicular resection,while 2 cases of bilateral cryptorchidism with severe dysplasia underwent bilateral testicular descent fixation after communication with the parents of the children during operation. All the specimens were sent for pathological examination after the operation. One hundred eighty - six cases were followed up from 1 to 128 months [(53 ± 8) months],and 21 cases were lost. Ultrasound examination was performed from 3 to 6 months after the operation to observe the development of bilateral testis and whether testicular dysplasia or testicular atrophy existed. Results All the children successfully underwent the operation and discharged from hospital. The group who underwent testicular had confirmed slim blood vessels in spermatic cord and poor testicular development through operation,while another group in postoperative follow up ultrasound showed that there was no obvious testicular - like structure in 6 cases,complete atrophy in 12 cases and partial atrophy in 48 cases and no atrophy in 93 cases. No patients had testicular resection again and no canceration after the operation. The healthy sides of the testicular resection in another group all had normal development. Conclusions Mild and moderate testicular dysplasia in children can choose testicular descending fixation,while severe dysplasia or testicular atrophy should select a reasonable surgical approach after communication with families.