0.05).CONCLUSIONS There is high frequency of C.albicans in the elderly.There is no significant difference rate of detection rate among three groups.Mucosa swab sampling method may be a convenient and effective method for clinical study.

Aim To research the synergistic effect of hyperlipoproteinemia and Aβ in the processing of Alzheimer′s disease.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, and dealt with D-gal(hypodermic injection), hyperlipemia diet, microinjection into both side of CA1 section in hippocampus, independently.Morris water maze(MWM) test was used to evaluate the spatial memory impairments.Tau and tau(pThr181) pathology in the hippocampus were detected using Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Nissl′s staining was used to detect cell apoptosis.Results Aβ25-35-treated rats showed significant impairments of spatial memory in MWM test, especially in the group of D-gal+Aβ25-35+HLD(P<0.01).Furthermore, these rats treated with Aβ25-35, D-gal, and hyperlipemia diet, exhibited significantly increased phosphorylation of tau, particularly in the Thr181 site.Conclusion Hyperlipoproteinemia is the risk factor for older person, which could strengthen the toxic effect of Aβ, and promote phosphorylation of tau.

Objective To detect the volume changes of cerebral gray and white matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis using voxel-based morphometry(VBM) and to correlate these changes with cognitive function. Methods Forty-two patients with maintaining hemodialysis and 41 age and sex matched normal subjects were recruited in this study. MMSE was obtained to evaluate their neuropsychiatric conditions. Whole brain high-resolution T1WI was performed on 3.0 T MR scanner in both patients and normal controls. The data were analyzed by VBM based on SPM8, using analysis of functional neuroimages (AFNI) software package with the Monte Carlo simulation method(AlphaSim method) for multiple cluster level comparisons correction. Independent sample t test analysis was used to compare the volume of gray and white matter between the patients and normal controls. In addition, Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the voxel value of cerebral volume changes area and dialysis duration and clinical laboratory examination, and Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation between the left insula voxel values and neuropsychological test scores. Results Compared with normal controls, patients showed significantly decreased volume in the grey matter of the right putamen, the left putamen, the left insula (numbers of voxel in clusters were 455, 561, 162, t=-9.5681,-5.9516,-5.7185,P<0.001, AlphaSim-corrected). There was negative correlation between decreased grey matter volume of the right putamen[(0.53 ± 0.12)mm3]and the left putamen[(0.48 ± 0.12)mm3] and dialysis duration [19.0(1.5-114.0)months] (r=-0.330,-0.307,P<0.05). MMSE score of patients[29(21-30)score] was significantly lower than normal controls[30(28-30)score] (Z=-30.58,P<0.01). Decreased grey matter volume of the left insula [(0.39 ± 0.12) mm3] was positively correlated with MMSE(r=0.320, P<0.05). Conclusions The patients with maintaining hemodialysis show grey matter atrophy which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. Dialysis duration may be an important risk factor for decreased gray matter in patients with maintaining hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND:Artificial total disc replacement is one treatment of low back pain in recent years, but the report on the effect of disc replacement on lumbar sagittal plane is rare. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lumbar disc replacement on lumbar lordosis. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of radiographic data of 17 patients who underwent lumbar disc replacement for single segment degenerative disc disease was carried out. Data measurement included preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis, diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar intervertebral angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 17 patients were fol owed-up for more than 12 months. Lumbar disc replacement was performed at L4-5 segment in three cases and L5-S1 segment in 14 cases. The average diseased segmental lordosis and lumbar lordosis were increased significantly after replacement when compared with those before replacement (P<0.05);the lumbar intervertebral angle was increased after replacement when compared with that before replacement, but the difference was not significant. The results indicate that lumbar disc replacement for the treatment of single segment degenerative disc disease can increase the lumbar lordosis and diseased segmental lordosis, which can help to improve the lumbar sagittal balance. The postoperative lumbar intervertebral angle has no correlation with the implant angle of the prosthesis on the replace segment.

BACKGROUND:Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy needs to dissociate the ligamentum flavum, and if
combined with the continuous dilator and working channel, it can keep the intact ligamentum flavum no matter how smal the incision may be (even 3-5 mm).
OBJECTIVE:To present the technique of interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting.
METHODS:We performed operations on 16 male and 14 female patients by interlaminar endoscopic lumbar
discectomy with ligamentum flavum splitting. The average age of the patients in the study was (48±15) years. The chief complaint before surgery was radiculopathy confined to one leg. The anatomic operative level was L 3-4 in
one case, L 4-5 in 13 cases and L 5-S 1 in 16 cases. The ruptured disc migrated superiorly in four cases and
inferiorly in seven cases, and intraoperative electromyo-graphic monitoring was performed in al surgeries. The
ligamentum flavum was split, and after withdrawing the working channel, the ligamentum flavum could reset itself. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total operation time was 20-40 minutes, and the fol ow-up period was
(149±108) days. There were no abnormal signals on the intraoperative electromyography in any cases, and the reported symptoms were immediately improved in al patients after the operation. Fol ow-up magneticresonance imaging showed a disappearance of the ruptured disc without defect in the ligamentum flavum. There were no operation-associated complications in al the patients. Interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy with
ligamentum flavum splitting is a feasible approach.

The aim of this study is to develop a synthetic medium suitable for 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) of Streptomyces rimosus. The cell growth rate and oxytetracycline production by S. rimosus M4018 were compared when M4018 cells were growth on the optimized chemically defined media with organic nitrogen sources or inorganic nitrogen sources. First, a synthetic medium contained KNO3 as the main nitrogen source was screened, then optimized by a response surface method. Using this new medium, the oxytetracycline yield was increased from 75.2 to 145.6 mg/L. Furthermore, based on the 13C-MFA, we identified that Entner-Doudoroff pathway does not exist in S. rimosus cells cultured in a chemically defined medium with feed of 100% 1-13C labeled glucose. This study is helpful for subsequent 13C-MFA application of S. rimosus.
Carbon Isotopes ; analysis ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Metabolic Flux Analysis ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Oxytetracycline ; biosynthesis ; Streptomyces rimosus ; metabolism

Objective To understand the effectiveness of China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)for outbreak detection at the regional level.Methods Two counties in Hunan province(Yuelu and Shuangfeng county)and two counties in Yunnan province(Xishan and Gejiu county)were chosen as the study areas. Data from CIDARS were analyzed on the following items: reported cases, warning signals, the time interval of signal response feedback, way of signal verification, outcome of signal verification and field investigation, from July 1,2008 to June 30,2010. Results In total, 12 346 cases from 28 kinds of diseases were reported,and 2096 signals of 19 diseases were generated by the system, with an average of 4.94 signals per county per week. The median of time interval on signal verification feedback was 0.70 hours(P25-P75:0.06-1.29 h)and the main way of signal preliminary verification was through the review of surveillance data(account for 63.07%). Among all the signals, 34 of them(1.62%)were considered to be related to suspected events via the preliminary verification at the local level. Big differences were found to have existed on the proportion of signals related to the suspected events of the total signals among the four counties, with Shuangfeng county as 4.71%, Yuelu county as 1.88%, Gejiu county as 0.95% and Xishan county as 0.58%. After an indepth study on the fields of suspected events, 12outbreaks were finally confirmed, including 5 on rubella, 4 on mumps, 2 on influenza and 1 on typhoid fever. Conclusion CIDARS could be used to assist the local public health institutions on early detection of possible outbreaks at the early stage. However, the effectiveness was different depending on the regions and diseases.

OBJECTIVETo explore an innovative technique that is aided by multi-disciplinary hybrid approach in identification and treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in children intraoperatively.

METHODFrom April 2008 to October 2011, 4 patients with isolated TEF were presented with 2 H-type fistulas and 2 recurrent TEF. For all the four cases, with the cooperation of the gastroenterologists, respiratory physician and surgeon, methylene blue was first injected into the trachea for detecting the dye in the esophagus by the gastroscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed where the fistula tract was shown by the methylene blue and a guide wire was passed through the fistula. The patients underwent rigid gastroscopy and the guide wire was identified and brought out through the mouth by biopsy pliers. This created a wire loop through the fistula. X-ray was then used to identify the level of the fistula. According to the level of the fistula it was determined whether surgical incision and approach should be used. The fistula was then repaired successfully by surgery.

RESULTIn the 4 patients, with the aid of gastroscopy and bronchoscopy, identification of the fistula intraoperatively was then facilitated by traction on the loop. The fistula was identified and repaired. There were no fistula recurrences.

CONCLUSIONMulti-disciplinary hybrid therapy for tracheoesophageal fistula in children is beneficial for the precise localization of the fistula. This new technique is an effective and definitive method in identification and treatment of TEF in children.

Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Patient Care Team ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

An automatic inspection system for biochip's print quality is presented in this paper. It consists of an automatic mechanical control, a CCD sensor for getting the image of PET boart, and the special computer software for image processing and recognition. Experimental results indicate that this system is capable of providing a precise and effective realtime inspection for biochips' print quality.
Biosensing Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Microchip Analytical Procedures ; methods ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Quality Control ; Software

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential markers of colorectal cancer metastasis and the influence of 5-FU on differentially expressed proteins by using proteomic technology, and to elucidate the mechanism of colorectal cancer metastasis.

METHODSHuman colorectal carcinoma cell lines of different metastatic potential, Lovo and SW480 were conventionally cultured, and the protein was extracted. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5-FU to these two cell lines was measured by MTT assay. Proteins of these two cell lines after intervention by 5-FU at IC(50) were extracted, then 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis was conducted for the proteins. The differential protein spots were examined by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatics. Difference of expressed proteins in two cell lines before and after the intervention of 5-FU was validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence.

RESULTSEleven differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The hnRNP K protein and PDI were selected to be examined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results revealed that the expression of hnRNP K in Lovo was higher than that in SW480, while the expression of PDI was lower in Lovo. After intervention by 5-FU at IC(50), the expression of hnRNP K in Lovo decreased more as compared to SW480, while the expression of PDI in SW480 increased more as compared to Lovo.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in expression of hnRNP K and PDI proteins between Lovo and SW480 cell lines, and the proteins alter regularly after 5-FU intervention.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proteomics