BACKGROUND: Educative instruction is good for the improvement of learning and behavior disorder in children with learning disorder. If this educative instruction were individualized, i. e. different education is provided for different individual, it would receive even better effects.OBJECTIVE: To explore the method and effect of educative instruction for children with learning disorder to accumulate experiences for the development of their learning potentials.DESIGN: A paired(pairing the subjects with similar age and learning disorder) case analysis based on the suffers .SETTING: A medical college of some university.PARTICIPANTS: Eight children with learning disorder were selected from Zhenjiang City Dongwu Kindergarten or Zhenjiang City Dagang Central Primary School. These 8 cases suffered from 4 types of disorders including clumsiness, seclusive personality, language disorder, and poor learning ability. Eight cases were randomly divided into education group and control group.METHODS: Cases of control group received normal educations without specific interventions. Cases of education group received individual customized educative instructions. The educative effects were observed after 3 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The improvement of clumsiness, seclusive personality, language disorder or poor learning ability in children with learning disorder.RESULTS: Cases of education group had better psychological and behavior improvements than that of control group after individual educative instruction.CONCLUSION: Individual educative instruction for children with learning disorder is an effective approach for the development of their learning potentials.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan is one of the most significant non-viral vector materials with the advantages of outstanding biocompatibility. Quarternary chitosan derivatives can improve transfection efficiency and solubility of chitosan in a broader range of pH values. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a new vector of quarternary chitosan and to study its complex conditions with plasmid and transfection efficiency compared with chitosan. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational study was performed in Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University between August and October 2008. MATERIALS: Quarternary chitosan was synthesized in Polymer Materials Lab of Beijing Institute of Technology. Plasmid pEGFP-C1 was presented friendly by Mr. Zheng of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University. Hela cells were provided by Miss. Cheng of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University. METHODS: Quarternary chitosan was prepared according to mass concentration of 0.2 g/L, pH value 5.5 (or 6.9, 7.6) and sodium acetate concentration of 50 mmol/L, and rapidly mixed with pEGFP-C1. The mixture was swirled for 15-30 second and stood at room temperature for 30 minutes at least. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The impacts of pH values and time on complex ability of quarternary chitosan and plasmid were studied by gel retardation test. Transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells was observed by inversed fluorescence microscope and also compared with chitosan. RESULTS: Quarternaty chitosan could form complex with plasmid in acidic, neutral and basic conditions. It could be used in a broader range of pH values. In an acidic condition, the combination of quarternary chitosan with plasmid was superior to chitosan. A stable complex was formed via a combination of quarternary chitosan or chitosan with plasmid within 30 minutes, and the stability lasted for 12 hours. Transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells demonstrated that transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan was superior to chitosan. CONCLUSION: Quarternary chitosan has a broader range in use and higher transfection efficiency than chitosan; however, there is no significant difference in stability between quarternary chitosan and chitosan. Additionally, transfection efficiency of quarternary chitosan on Hela cells is superior to chitosan, which needs a further research.

Objective To evaluate the correlating clinical factors of coronary artery calcification score(CACS).Methods 141 patients suspected of coronary artery disease were included.They underwent multi-slice row computed tomography,pulse wave velocity ( PWV ),UCG and blood biochemistry within a period of 3 months.The subjects were divided into three groups according to CAC score:A(CACS =0-10),B ( CACS = 11-400),C ( CACS > 400).Results CACS was significantly associated with age,history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.It was also associated with the presence of mitral annular calcification and aortic valve calcification,low ankel brachial pressure index(ABI) and high mean artery pressure(MAP) as well as high values of brachial ankel PWV (baPWV) and Upstroke time (UT).Muhifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of aortic valve calcification and mitral annular calcification,the history of diabetes mellitus and high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Conclusions Aortic valve calcification,mitral annular calcification,history of diabetes mellitus,high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Measurement of PWV and UCG should be performed before muhi-slicerow computed tomography,because the assessment of coronary artery lumen narrowing with multi-slice row computed tomography can not be carried out accurately in the presence of severe coronary artery calcification.

Objective To study the factors influencing the outcome of patients suffering from in-hospital ventricular fibriUation (IHVF), as there have been few studies focusing on this topic. Methods Patients with IHVF collected in a single cardiac center were classified into a successful group and a failure group. Data relevant to the predicting factors of the two groups were compared. Results There were 206 events in the analysis. The most common underlining disease was coronary artery disease (CAD), especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI). On multiple logistic regression analysis, it was shown that the independent predictors for failure of defebriUation were higher NYHA class (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2. 2,P <0.001), higher blood potassium level (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.3, P =0.007) and adrenaline usage (OR 25.0, 95% CI 11.5-55. 1, P <0.001). In a AMI sub-group, 56. 9% of the IHVF events occurred within the first day of AMI, and the occurrence descended with time going on within 2 weeks. Before the occurrence of IHVF, the patients with right coronary artery as the infarction related artery (IRA) often suffered from(8/9, 88.9%) bradycardia (R-R interval > 1 s), but those with left anterior descending artery as IRA often showed (8/12, 66.7%) tachycardia (RR interval < 0.6 s). Conclusions The common disease causing IHVF is CAD. The worse the heart function, the higher the rate of IHVF and the worse theprognosis. It IHVF not induced by hypokalemia and use of adrenaline in resuscitation predict lower successful defibrillation rate.

AIM: To observe the effects of Decoction of Bu-Shen-Huo-Xue-Xie-Zhuo (BSHXXZ) on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in rats. METHODS: Unilateral nephrectomy was adopted firstly, one week later adrimycin was intravenously adminstered to 20 rats twice in a 23-day period to establish an advanced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis model in the rat. Changes in urine protein, blood chemistry, and histology of the kidney were investigated for 110 days after unilateral nephrectomy. RESULTS: The BSHXXZ decoction reduced edema, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, azotemia and ascites, and increased albumin in blood. Light microscopic, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical and polarizing microscopic examination all showed that the pathologic changes in the treatment group were less than that of the model group. CONCLUSION: Decoction of BSHXXZ could markedly improve renal function and delay the progression of glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis.

AIM: To investigate the immune stimulation capacity of B7-H1 blockade on immature dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. METHODS: The human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were induced in the presence of cytokine GM-CSF and IL-4. The expression of B7-H1 was detected by FCM. On blockade of B7-H1, the maturation and endocytic activity, T cells stimulatory proliferation capacity, IL-12 production, T cell differentiation effect of DCs were detected by FCM, MTT assay, ELISA and ELISPOT, respectively. RESULTS: The expression of B7-H1 was increased with the induction of DCs. On day 7, the positive expression was 54.12%, and the TNF-? induced mature DCs had the positive expression rate of 83.64%. The blockade of B7-H1 on immature DCs had sharply increased their T cells stimulatory proliferation capacity and IL-12 production, and efficiently induced the development of Th1/Tc1 cells, but had no effect on their maturation and endocytic activity. CONCLUSION: The blockade of B7-H1 on immature DCs increases its immune stimulation activity. It is valuable to investigate the antitumor immune responses of DCs vaccine with B7-H1 blockade.

The feasibility of simultaneously loading both liposoluble and water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in emulsion was discussed, in order to provide new ideas in comprehensive application of effective components in S. miltiorrhiza in terms of technology of pharmaceutics. With tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B as raw materials, soybean phospholipid and poloxamer 188 as emulsifiers, and glycerin as isoosmotic regulator, the central composite design-response surface method was employed to optimize the prescription. The coarse emulsion was prepared with the high-speed shearing method and then homogenized in the high pressure homogenizer. The biphasic drug-loading intravenous emulsion was prepared to investigate its pharmaceutical properties and stability. The prepared emulsion is orange-yellow, with the average diameter of 241 nm and Zeta potential of -35.3 mV. Specifically, the drug loading capacity of tanshinone II (A) and salvianolic acid B were 0.5 g x L(-1) and 1 g x L(-1), respectively, with a good stability among long-term retention samples. According to the results, the prepared emulsion could load liposoluble tanshinone II (A) and water-soluble salvianolic acid B simultaneously, which lays a pharmaceutical foundation for giving full play to the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Based on the literatures published from January 1994 to December 2008 on chronic respiratory diseases treated by the therapy of “Dongbing-Xiazhi” (which means treating diseases occurred in winter but treated in summer),the time,region,specific therapies,herbs,and acupoints of these literature were reviewed end analyzed by bibliometric methods to explore its distribution and trends.The research showed that the therapy was effective and widely used in recurrent chronic respiratory diseases.It also demonstrated that such studies as focusing on the scientific design and the mechanism were needed.

The preventative treatment theory is a very important part of traditional Chinese medicine. When this theory is used in the treatment of common cold disease, it focuses on the prevention of common cold disease. The preventative treatment theory is very important and can be applied in the whole process of the treatment common cold disease.

To determine the inhibition of IL-13 by recombinant sIL-13Rα2 in NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells for its potential therapeutic value in hepatic fibrosis caused by Schistosoma japanicum in mice . IL-13 and sIL-13Rα2 from liver of BALB/c mice infected with S.japonicum at different infection time (weeks 0,6,8,10 and 12) were analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR. The recombinant sIL-13Rα2 expression plasmidwas constructed, followed by transfection into NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. TypeⅠcollagen produced by NIH-3T3 cells were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. It was demonstrated that the expression of IL-13 increased gradually after infection, reached peak density (16.1586 pg/mL)at week 8 and then reduced but was still higher than the level of control mice(3.4146 pg/mL;P =0.017 ). The secretion of sIL-13R α2 reached to its peak 10 weeks after infection(4827.426 pg/mL)and then reduced slowly but still higher than normal(4057.112 pg/mL; P=0.021). Meanwhile, the changes in mRNA level of IL-13 and sIL-13R α2 were coincided with that examined by ELISA. Both IL-13 and sIL-13Rα2 reached their peak density (P=0.033) at week 8 and 10 (P=0.025) respectively, and they were followed by a slower degree of decrease. The sIL-13Rα2 could significantly inhibit the effect of IL-13 on NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells, showing decreased mRNA level(P =0.012)and protein level of typeⅠcollagen compared with normal groups(P =0.031). It is concluded that the sIL-13Rα2 can inhibit the effect of IL-13 on NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells which leads to a reduced production of typeⅠcollagen, demonstrating its potential therapeutic value in hepatic fibrosis of schistosomiasis.