Objective To compare HC video-laryngoscope with Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index 19-27 kg/m2,Mallampati grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ,undergoing elective surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each):HC video-laryngoscope group (group H) and Macintosh laryngoscope (group M).After induction of anesthesia,the patients underwent orotracheal intubation assisted by HC video-laryngoscope in group H,and by Macintosh laryngoscope in group M.The glottic exposure time,intubation time,Cormack-Lehane grade,the number of pressing the cricoid and intubation-related complications were recorded.Results The rate of satisfactory glottic exposure was significantly higher and the number of pressing the cricoid was smaller in group H than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the glottic exposure time,intubation time and incidence of intubation-related complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of tracheal intubation guided by HC video-laryngoscope is better than that guided by Macintosh laryngoscope.

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone (EDA) on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticu?lum stress (ESR) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided in?to three groups (12 rats for each group):Sham group, SCI group and EDA group. The rat model of SCI was made by Allen’s method and the sham group was only received laminectomy and kept the spinal cord intact. Rats in sham group and SCI group accepted the same volume and frequency of saline injection as EDA group. The EDA group was given 10 mg/kg EDA once every 12 h intraperitoneally. Three days after injuring, the spinal cords were harvested, and the protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. Immunofluo?rescence staining was used to analyze the positive ratio of caspase-12 and CHOP in spinal cord of three groups. Meanwhile, TUNEL staining was used to identify cell apoptosis of spinal cord. Results Compared with sham group, the protein levels of CHOP, Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were obviously higher in SCI group (P<0.01);the proportion of Cas?pase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly in?creased in spinal cord (P<0.01). However, compared with SCI group, the protein levels of CHOP , Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased in EDA group (P<0.01);the proportion of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly decreased in spinal cord (P<0.01). Conclusion EDA has neuroprotective potential to spinal cord injury. The mechanism of its neuroprotective effect may asso?ciate with its inhibitory effect to the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress after SCI.

Objective To study the effect of Exendin-4 on oxidative stress and neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Adult male SD rats, with weight between 200-250 g, were randomly divided into three groups (12 in each group):Sham group, SCI group and Exendin-4 group (Ex-4 group). Rats in Sham group achieved spinal cord exposure. SCI group and Ex-4 group were induced according to Allen′s test (using a weight-drop device). Rats in Ex-4 group were ad?ministrated with Exendin-4 (10 μg/rat) through intraperitoneal injection immediately after establishment of SCI models. Rats in Sham group and SCI group were given the same volume of normal saline solution instead. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of catalase (CAT) were assessed in spinal cord tissues 24 hour after drug administrations. Neural apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and the expression levels of caspase-9 and AIF were determined using Western blot. Results Compared with Sham group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as neuronal apoptosis rate in?creased obviously, while activity of CAT decreased markedly in SCI group(P<0.01). Compared with SCI group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as the neuronal apoptosis rate decreased obviously, while activity of CAT increased re?markably in Exendin-4 group(P < 0.01). Conclusion Exendin-4 restrain neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury through relieving oxidative damage.

AIM:Toobservetheeffectsofmicroparticlesderivedfrombonemarrowmesenchymalstemcells ( MSC-MPs) on angiogenesis and cardiac function in a rat myocardial infarction model .METHODS:MSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats.MSCs were treated under serum-free condition in hypoxia for 72 h, and the microparticles were isolated from the supernatants .The phenotypic profile of MSC-MPs was determined by bead-based flow cytometry and the morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope .The rat myocardial infarction model was established . The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography after the intramyocardial injection of MSC -MPs.The myocardial in-farct size was observed by Masson staining .The blood vessel density in the peri-infarcted area was measured using immuno-histochemical staining for von Willebrand factor and α-smooth muscle actin.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) was analyzed by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Apoptotic MSCs released a large quantity of microparticles which were phenotypically similar to the parent MSCs and 100~1 000 nm in diameter.The cardiac functions of myocardial infarction rat model were improved at 7 d and 28 d after intramyocardial injection of MSC-MPs compared with control group . The myocardial infarct size was reduced and angiogenesis was promoted significantly in the infarcted heart injected with MSC-MPs 28 d after treatment .MSC-MPs treatment also increased the expression level of VEGF within 7 d.CONCLU-SION:MSC-MPs protect cardiac tissue from ischemic injury and improve cardiac function by promoting angiogenesis after myocardial infarction .

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of Xinmaitong capsule (XMT) on serum matrix metalloproteinases-9, high sensitive C-reactive protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

METHOD63 cases were divided by randomized, contrastive assigned to XMT group (n = 31) and control group (n = 32). The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP before and after treatment in 12 weeks were detected.

RESULTAfter treatment, the serum levels of MMP-9 in control group had no changed and the levels of hs-CRP reduced. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP in XMT group had significantly decreased. The serum levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP had positive correlation, but had no correlation to levels of serum lipids.

CONCLUSIONXMT decreased breakdown of matrix collagen, and inflammatory reaction in the patients of ACS, which may have effect on plaque stabilization.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To explore the real experience during treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, so as to provide evidences for clinical nursing staff to implement targeted nursing measures and to carry out research on nursing staff of high evidence level. Methods Using phenomenological methods, nine cases of patients with multiple myeloma conducted semi-structured and in-depth interviews and then using Colaizzi 7-step for analysis. Results Three major topics were extracted: poor physiological experience (feeling abnormal, numbness, pain, urinary incontinence), positive response (family support, Increased medical standards, self-regulation), self-perceived burden (economic stress, short cycle of relapse, psychological burden). Conclusion Treatment of multiple myeloma have many adverse reactions, and patients bear too much psychological burden. Medical staff need to be evaluated in a timely manner, strengthen symptom management, provide comprehensive information support, analysis of patient self-perception burden causes, propose targeted interventions, and build continuation care system to improve patient treatment experience.

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes severe disease when the infection occurs during pregnancy. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside involved in numerous physiological processes; however, the role of adenosine receptors in T. gondii-induced trophoblast cell function has not been investigated until now. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the intracellular signaling pathways regulated by adenosine receptors using a HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell model of T. gondii infection. HTR8/SVneo human extravillous trophoblast cells were infected with or without T. gondii and then evaluated for cell morphology, intracellular proliferation of the parasite, adenosine receptor expression, TNF-α production and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways triggered by adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). HTR8/SVneo cells infected with T. gondii exhibited an altered cytoskeletal changes, an increased infection rate and reduced viability in an infection time-dependent manner. T. gondii significantly promoted increased TNF-α production, A3AR protein levels and p38, ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation compared to those observed in uninfected control cells. Moreover, the inhibition of A3AR by A3AR siRNA transfection apparently suppressed the T. gondii infection-mediated upregulation of TNF-α, A3AR production and MAPK activation. In addition, T. gondii-promoted TNF-α secretion was dramatically attenuated by pretreatment with PD098059 or SP600125. These results indicate that A3AR-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and JNK positively regulates TNF-α secretion in T. gondii-infected HTR8/SVneo cells.

BACKGROUNDTranscatheter occlusion has been applied to treat ostium secundum atrial septal defect (OS ASD) since 1997. During the clinical practice, several postoperative complications including arrhythmia have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the value of the ratio of atrial septal occluder (ASO) versus atrial septal length (ASL) for predicting arrhythmia occurrence after transcatheter closure in children with OS ASD.

METHODSSix hundred and fifty-one children diagnosed with OS ASD underwent occlusion procedures after completing routine examinations. The onsets and types of arrhythmia both during and after the occlusion procedures were monitored. Treatments were given based on the individual types of arrhythmia. The binary logistic regression analysis and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used in the analysis of value of the ratio of ASO/ASL for predicting postoperative arrhythmia occurrence.

RESULTSTranscather occlusions were conducted in 651 children, among whom 7 children had different types and degrees of arrhythmia, with an incidence of 1.1%. The types of arrhythmia included sinus bradycardia, atrial premature beats, bundle branch block, and different degrees of atrioventricular block. Normal electrocardiograph findings were resumed in these 7 patients following active therapies such as corticoids, nutrition, and surgeries. The binary logistic regression and ROC analysis suggested that the ratio of ASO/ASL exhibited an intermediate predictive value for predicting arrhythmia occurrence after occlusion procedures. A cut-off value of 0.576 in the ratio provided a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 76.2% with an area under the ROC curve of 0.791 (95% confidence intervals, 0.655-0.926; P < 0.05) in predicting arrhythmia occurrence after the closure procedures.

CONCLUSIONSThe ratio of ASO/ASL might be a useful index for predicting arrhythmia occurrence after closure procedures in children with OS ASD.

Adolescent ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; diagnosis ; Atrial Septum ; surgery ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; Septal Occluder Device

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)C-choline (CH), (11)C-methionine (MET), (18)F-fluorothymidine (FLT), and (11)C-acetate (AC) in diagnosis of pulmonary abnormalities and the features of pulmonary abnormalities in PET.

METHODSFrom June 2002 to June 2007, 100 patients with pulmonary nodules or masses confirmed by CT scans received PET with special tracers. Fifty-eight patients received CH-PET, 16 patients received MET-PET, 22 patients received FLT-PET, 4 patients received AC-PET. PET data was analyzed by visual method and semiquantitative method with standard uptake value (SUV). Diagnoses were compared with pathology and follow-up survey.

RESULTSFor identification of pulmonary neoplasms with CH-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 84.2% (32/38), 57.9% (11/19) and 75.4% (43/57). In cancer cases, SUV had no correlation with tumor size or age. For identification of pulmonary neoplasms with MET-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 6/7, 6/9 and 75.0% (12/16). In cancer cases, SUV had not correlation with tumor size or age. For identification of pulmonary neoplasms with FLT-PET, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.7% (12/14), 2/8 and 63.6% (14/22). In cancer cases, SUV had not correlation with tumor size or age. In AC-PET, only 1 case of pulmonary metastasis of kidney clear cell carcinoma showed acetate avid. Two squamous cell carcinoma and 1 adenocarcinoma didn't appear abnormal in AC-PET.

CONCLUSIONCH, MET, FLT, AC are valuable in diagnosing but also lead to false positive and false negative.

Choline ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dideoxynucleosides ; Female ; Humans ; Iodoacetates ; Lung Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Methionine ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the intervention effect of health education on hypertension knowledge in mid-western rural area of Shandong province.

METHODSA project was launched on chronic disease control in mid-western rural area of Shandong province from 2007 to 2010. The baseline survey was performed using multi-stage random sampling method in 8 counties of mid-western rural area of Shandong province in April, 2007. A total of 20 087 participants aged 25 and above were recruited in the survey to study the relationship between awareness of hypertension and diet, smoking, obesity. Health education focusing on balance diet, physical activity promotion and tobacco control was performed among intervention population. The final evaluation survey using same questionnaire was performed in 2010, classified in intervention (4071 participants) and control (2145 participants) group. Control group was selected from non-intervention town in same county. Intervention and control group shared the same baseline data in 2007 for evaluation. By comparing the changes of hypertension knowledge before and after intervention, the intervention effect was evaluated.

RESULTSAwareness of the relationship between hypertension and diet rose from 34.0% (6830/20 087) at baseline in 2007 to 69.3% (2821/4071) (χ(2) = 1757.30, P < 0.01) of intervention group and 44.8% (961/2145) (χ(2) = 99.30, P < 0.01) of control group in 2010. Awareness of hypertension associated to smoking rose from 25.6% (5142/20 087) at baseline in 2007 to 55.2% (2247/4071) (χ(2) = 1396.59, P < 0.01) in intervention group, 30.9% (662/2145) (χ(2) = 27.83, P < 0.01) in control group in 2010. Awareness of hypertension related to obesity rose from 37.2% (7472/20 087) of the baseline in 2007 to 68.3% (2780/4071) (χ(2) = 1339.27, P < 0.01) in intervention group, 45.1% (967/2145) (χ(2) = 51.14, P < 0.01) in control group in 2010.

CONCLUSIONCommunity comprehensive intervention showed significant effects on hypertension related knowledge improvement in mid-western rural area of Shandong province.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Population