Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers(ARBs)decrease blood pressure,reverse vascular remodeling,and activate angiotensinⅡsubtype 2(AT2)receptors in order to improve the levels of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),dilate blood vessels,protect against proliferation,and regulate lipid by blocking angiotcnsinⅡtype 1(AT1)receptors.Further understanding the action mech-anism of ARB in neuroprotection may provide a new idea for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical practice.

Egr-1 is an important transcription factor, which regulates at least 30 kinds of gene expression. Egr-1 couples extracellular signals to long-term responses by altering expression of Egr-1 target genes. So egr-1 can directly or indirectly affect cell differentiation,apoptosis,immune response,injury and repair. This article reviewed the progress in Egr-1 and the lung disease.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at the Balance Area on ambulation and quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke.Method A hundred patients with cerebral stroke were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture at the Balance Area plus rehabilitation, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture plus rehabilitation. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden ambulation grading score, and modified Barthel Index (BI) were adopted to evaluate the walk ability and quality of life.Result The BBS score, Holden grading score, and modified BI score respectively after 1 treatment course and 2 treatment courses were significantly different from that before intervention in both groups (P<0.01). After 1 treatment course, the BBS score, Holden grading score, and BI score of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Balance Area can effectively enhance the balance function of cerebral stroke patients, and it can promote the ambulation ability and quality of life.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of acupoint thread-embedding method for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pattern of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency.
Methods: A total of180 cases in conformity with the diagnostic criteria of NAFLD in pattern of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 90 cases in each group, and finally 88 cases in the treatment group and 90 cases in the control group were recruited for statistics. The treatment group was managed by acupoint thread-embedding method, and the control group was treated by oral administration of Polyene Phosphatidylcholine capsules. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Before and after the treatment, liver enzymology, blood fat test, abdominal B ultrasonic examination, and assessment of clinical effects were respectively processed.
Results:After treatment, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased in the treatment group, and were significantly different from those in the control group after treatment (allP<0.05). There was no statistically significant inter-group difference in the degree of fatty liver (by B ultrasound examination) before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the improvement degree of fatty liver in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rates were 89.8% in the treatment group and 76.7% in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion:The acupoint thread-embedding method can reduce the levels of ALT, AST, TC and TG in NAFLD patients, and can improve the pathologic degree of fatty liver and its clinical effects are remarkably better than that of oral medications.

Objective To establish a knowledge management skills evaluation tool for nursing undergraduates and then try to provide an objective basis for evaluation of their knowledge management skills.Methods After reviewing literature and research group discussion,defining the theoretical dimensions of the knowledge management skills system and developing this evaluation tool.A total of 1 139 nursing undergraduates were picked out and investigated.The data were analyzed with the SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 7.0 statistic software packages,including exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,reliability and validity analysis.Results The knowledge management skills evaluation tool of nursing undergraduates was a multilayered and multidimensional system,including 3 subscales (knowledge management cognition,knowledge management attitude,knowledge management behavior),8 factors (the cognition of knowledge management connotation,the intention and the belief of knowledge management,the ability of obtaining,storing,sharing,applying and innovating knowledge),36 items.Exploratory factor analysis showed that all items' factor loading were 0.433-0.851.Confirmatory factor analysis displayed a good degree of fitting.The total scale's Cronbach α was 0.933,sub-scales were 0.807-0.892.The total scale's split coefficient was 0.873,sub-scales were 0.700-0.870.The correlation coefficient between 3 sub-scales score and the total scale score were 0.875-0.912.Conclusions Because of its good reliability and validity,nursing undergraduates can evaluate their knowledge management skills by using this evaluation tool.

Objective To review computed tomographic angiography (CTA) signs and its potential use in the diagnose of blunt thoracic aortic injury Methods We reviewed 37 cases with blunt thoracic aortic injury (TAI) confirmed by surgery or aortography in Chinese PLA General Hospital emergency department from June 2004 to June 2014.CTA were performed on these patients,and CTA images were analyzed retrospectively to obtain characteristic CTA signs of blunt thoracic aortic injury.Results Of the 37 cases,the blunt injury in aortic isthmus were 83.8％ (31/37),aortic arch 5.4％ (2/37),descending aorta 8.1％ (3/37),and ascending aorta 2.7％ (1/37),respectively.CTA signs of thoracic aortic injury manifested as intimal flap in 34 patients (91.8％),abnormal aortic contour or cavity in 37 cases (100％),arterial contraction in 17 cases (45.9％),aortic dissection in 10 cases (27.0％),pseudoaneurysm in 21 cases (56.7％),thrombosis in 1 case (2.7％).Conclusions CTA signs could be used to facilitate the diagnosis of blunt thoracic aortic injury with a qualitative diagnostic value.

Objective To discusses the clinical features of early inflammatory bowel obstruction (EPIS-BO) after abdominal surgery,and analyze diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients with early inflammatory bowel obstruction after abdominal surgery were analyzed retrospectively from July 2005 to July 2015. Results 45 patients were recovered after non-operative treatment including gastrointestinal decompression , total parenteral nutrition (TPN),antibiotics,glucocorticoid and somatostatin. The average time of treatment was 17.45 days. The other 3 patients underwent laparotomy respectively on 16,19 and 20 days after conservative treat-ment.Two cases were turned to intestinal fistula after operation ,and one of them died after reoperation because of severe abdominal infection 9 days later. Conclusion Conservative treatment should be regarded as the first choice for EPISBO in clinical practice due to less complications and better effect than operative treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigated the effects of Rhodiola Compound on improving the intellective function in mice and provide the basis for clinical application.MethodsMice were divided to different groups of three doses of rhodiola compound (0.3 g/kg,0.6 g/kg,1.2 g/kg) and swimming abilities were tested.Other mice were administrated single dose of compound rhodiola( 1.2 g/kg) and training by Morris water maze.Drug's improving intelligence function was assessed using memory acquisition impaired models made by scopolamine or alcohol.When the Morris water maze test was finished,mice were killed and brains were removed immediately to measure SOD and NO levels.ResultsGroups of three doses of compound rhodiola could significantly prolong the swimming time(P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compound Rhodiola group can significantly reduce the swimming distance than the untreated group( ethanol model group:(26 906.6 ± 2769.7 ) mm,RCE treated group:( 19 586.1 ± 6826.7 ) mm ; P ＜0.05 ).Swimming distance and time of cross-platform quadrant was significantly increased,comparing with model group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compound Rhodiola significantly enhanced the activity of mouse brain's SOD ( Scopolamine model group:( 150.3 ± 17.7 ) U/ml,RCE treated group:( 197.9 ± 16.8 ) U/ml ; P ＜ 0.05 ) and NO levels ( Scopolamine model group:( 44.7 ± 16.7 ) μmol/gprot,RCE treated group:( 65.4 ± 14.5 ) μmol/gprot ; P ＜ 0.05 ) significantly.ConclusionCompound Rhodiola could promote mice learning and memory function,SOD and NO in brain maybe play a important role in this effect.

Objective To investigate the electromyngraphy eharacteristies of Parkinsen's disease (PD) by studying tremor frequency, intensity and drug response. Methods Sixty-six patients with PD hospitalized during March 2005 to May 2006 were re-evaluated and recruited into the study. A ten-channel electromyography recorded the frequency and intensity of the rest tremor and postural tremor. Tremor analysis soft was used to statistically analyze differences between the two types of tremor, correlation between the frequency and intensity, and changes after regular administration of dopaminergic medication. Results The frequencies of rest tremor ((4. 79±0.69 ) Hz) and postural tremor ( (5.54±1.18) Hz ) showed statistical differences (F = 33.5, P<0. 01), but the intensity of rest tremor (0.016-421.700 (rag)2) and postural tremor (0.062-217.900 (mg)2) didn't show statistical differences (F=1.917, P>0.05 ). No regression relation was revealed between the frequency and intensity of tremor (r=0.09, P>0.05). After dopaminergic medication treatment, the intensity declined significantly from 0.016-421.700 (mg)2 to 0.027-82.200 (mg)2(F=5.179,P <0.05), but the difference of frequencies of tremor between before ( (5.09±0.85) Hz) and after treatment ( (5.20 ± 1.08 )Hz) was not significant (F = 0.474, P > 0.05). Conclusions There may be different mechanisms for the rest tremor and postural tremor in PD. There is no correlation identified between the frequency and intensity in PD and this is may be resulted from variability of tremor intensity. Dopaminergic can relieve the symptom of tremor, but it doesn't reduce the frequency of tremor.

Objective: To establish an education program for resident pharmacists to improve clinical problem solving skills with pharmaceutical knowledge.Methods: A case-based education program for resident pharmacists with drug knowledge was established after a questionnaire survey in resident pharmacists and the discussion with clinical teachers.A teaching team was built and the resident pharmacists were divided into several study groups.After a pilot run, the program was operated in pharmacy department.The program was divided into 10 sections by drug indications, and each section was composed of basic drug knowledge lecture and case discussions, which mobilized the study initiative of resident pharmacists.At the half time, resident pharmacists and clinical teachers participated in a midterm survey by a questionnaire.Results: More than 95% resident pharmacists and teachers believed that basic drug knowledge lecture before case discussion was necessary, and compared with previous trainings, the program could further increase study interests of resident pharmacists and improve the clinical problem solving skills.However, 33.3% resident pharmacists and 60% teachers thought the cases were difficult, and 18.5% resident pharmacists and 10% teachers disagreed the cases were close to the actual work.Conclusion: The program is effective in drug knowledge training for resident pharmacists, which can improve pharmaceutical care for patients, while further modifications are still needed to satisfy the demands of resident pharamcists with different working years.