In addition to lipid-lowering,statins also have a wide range of pleiotropy.This article synthesizes and induces the pleiotropy of statins in the prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To study the effect of application of vascular endoth el ial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-VEGF on the expression of fracture healing rel ated factors and observe the pathological changes at fractured site. Methods Fra cture models were established in 105 rabbits. All rabbits were randomly assigned into controlled group, VEGF treated group and anti-VEGF treated group. The fact ors related to fracture healing were detected, and pathological changes were obs erved at 8, 24, 72 h and 1, 3, 5, 8 weeks after fracture. Results After the appl ication of VGEF, BMP was expressed earlier and the express period was prolonged . On the contrary, anti-VEGF completely inhibited the expression of BMP in the f ractured ends. The fractured sites were filled with fibrous callus, cartilage ca llus and bony callus at the 3rd week and they were converted into woven bone at the 5th week. The fracture reached to normal healing at the 8th week in the VEGF treated group. Cellular necrosis increased in the earlier period in the VEGF po lyclonal antibody treated group, continuous focal necrosis was seen in the fract ured sites between 1st week to 5th week, vascularization reduced obviously at th e 3rd week. Conclusion Fracture healing is the result of mutual modulation and c oordination among many factors. VEGF may be an important factor which plays impo rtant role in the course of fracture healing.

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and ciliary neurotrofic factor (CNTF) on the regeneration and functional recovery of sciatic nerves following sciatic nerve injuries (SNI). Methods The left sciatic nerves for 6 mm in 120 Wistar ratswere removed and divided randomly into 4 groups. Target muscular injection of NGF at concentration of 100 ng/kg and CNTF at 100 ng/kg was given to Group NGF+CNTF; CNTF at 100 ng/kg to Group CNTF; NGF at 100 ng/kg to Group NGF and equal quantity of normal saline to Group NS. Sciatic nerve functional index (SFI) measurement, morphometric analysis, S-100? and NF200 immunohistochemistry were performed for all the animals after operation. Results SFI, diameter and number of myelinated axons, and axonal quantity of S-100? and NF200 were significantly higher in Group NGF+CNTF than that in other groups. Conclusions Combined application of NGF and CNTF can enhance regeneration and functional recovery of sciatic nerves posterior to SNI.

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of shuixianzi extracts on hyperlipidemia rats, and on fatty liver pathology. Methods Shuixianzi was homogenized and filtered. Then the filtrate was freeze-dried after centrifugation. The powder was just the extracts of shuixianzi. During the establishment of rat hyperlipidemic model, the extract was given at the same time. At the end of this experiment, the changes of blood lipid and liver pathology were observed. In therapeutic experiments, after the hyperlipidemia model was established, optimal dose of extract was given, then the changes of blood lipid and liver pathology were also observed and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MIA) were tested. Results In preventive experiments, high dose of extracts of shuixianzi versus negative control could inhlbit both the increase of TC, TG, LDL-C and the drop of HDL-C. [TC: (3.23±0.01) vs. (6.56±0.01) mmol/L; TG:(2.33±0.01) vs. (4.12±0.02) mmol/L; LDL-C: (2.02±0.01) vs. (3.91±0.02) mmol/L; HDL-C: (0.98±0.01) vs. (0.76±0.01) mmol/L, all P＜0.01]. At the same time, the extracts could inhibit the pathological changes of fatty liver. In therapeutic experiments, extracts versus control could regulate the serum lipid levels [TC: ( 3.67 ± 0.31 ) vs. ( 6.33 ± 0.52 ) mmol/L; TG: ( 1.99 ±0.11) vs. (4.08±0.24) mmol/L; LDL-C: (1.57±0.12) vs. (3.78±0.14) mmol/L; HDL-C:(1.10±0.03) vs. (0.77±0.02) mmol/L, all P＜0.01] and could reverse fatty changes of liver in hyperlipidemic rats. At the same time the extracts versus control could also increase the activity of SOD [(276.3±26.8) vs. (165.4±16.7) U/mg, P＜0.01] and decrease the level of MDA [(3.67±1.23) vs. (7.45±2.33) nmol/mg, P＜0.01]. Conclusions The extracts of shuixianzi could prevent and treat the hyperlipidemia, inhibit the fatty pathological change of liver, and also have the antioxidant function.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of treating congestive heart failure with the combination of Astragalus,Danhong and Nitroglycerin injection.Methods 73 cases with congestive heart failure were selected.randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group.The control group was treated with conventional therapy,and the treatment group was treated with Astragalus injection,Danhong and nitroglycerin injection on the basis of conventional mompy.Both groups were treated for one course of therapy of 21 days.Such indexes as clinical signs and symptoms,cardiac function,the amount of output per bo(SV),each sub-output(CO),cardiac index(CI),left ventricular ejection fraction(EF),and blood the rheology were observed before and after the treatment.Reselts The total effective ratewas 97.29%and 88.89%in the treatment group and the control group respectively,showing statistically differences between the two groups(P＜0.05):SV CO,CI and EF showed significant difference in both groups after the treatment(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Blood theology wag decreased after the treatment,and such clecreasing in the treatment was greater than that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The combination therapy of astragalus,Danhong injection and nitroglycerin injection is effective in treating congestive heart failure.

Objective To approach the therapeutic effect of modified Linggui Zhugan decoction for treatment of patients with type Ⅱ cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).Methods Thirty patients with CRS admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Institute of Chinese Medicine were selected. By a random number table and double-blind method, they were divided into two groups: treatment and control groups, 15 cases in each group. The patients in both groups were treated with conventional western medicine, and those in the treatment group were additionally given traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modified Linggui Zhugan decoction (including the following ingredients: Poria 30 g, Cinnamomi Cortex 10 g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 15 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Preparata cum Melle 10 g, Morindae Officinalis Radix 15 g, Arecae Pericarpium 30 g, Astragali Radix 30 g, Zingiberis Rhizoma 10 g, Descurainiae Semen 15 g), one dose daily for consecutive 30 days. Before and after treatment the changes in levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), amount of urine, clinical efficacy and TCM syndrome score efficacy were observed in two groups.Results After treatment, the levels of BNP, SCr, and BUN were significantly decreased, while urine volume was obviously increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups, and the degrees of changes in the treatment group were superior to those in control group [BNP (ng/L): 297.3±75.1 vs. 344.2±56.3, SCr (μmol/L): 139.7±62.1 vs. 154.4±39.7, BUN (mmol/L): 10.1±6.4 vs. 13.2±8.7, urine volume (mL/d): 847.2±32.7 vs. 786.4±13.6, allP < 0.05]. The total effective rates of patients and TCM syndrome scores in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group [both 86.7% (13/15) vs. 66.7% (10/15), bothP < 0.05]. Conclusions Modified Linggui Zhugan decoction can alleviate the symptoms of yang deficiency of heart and kidney and heart failure due to the attack of heart by retained fluid, and can also ameliorate the complicated renal function impairment; the therapeutic effect of integrative traditional Chinese and western medicine for treatment of patients with type Ⅱ CRS is superior to that of conventional western medicine treatment.

Objective To observe the effects of Dl-3-n-butylphthalide ( NBP) on the mitochondria infarction, size of myocardial infarction and myocardial apoptosis after acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Methods 92 male SD rats were divided into sham operation group (8 rats) , model group (21 rats) , and low-dose NBP group (21 rats) , medium-dose NBP group (21 rats) , high-dose NBP group (21 rats) . The model and NBP groups were made into MI model by ligation of the left anterior descending ( LAD) coronary artery, but not in sham-operated group. Model group and NBP group were taken heart specimens after coronary artery ligation. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was ana-lyzed by TUNEL in each group. Size of MI was analyzed by TTC staining in sham-operated group, model group and high-dose NBP group. Electron perspective microscopy was applicated in observing mitochondria infarction in model group and high-dose NBP group after myocardial infarction. The expressions of Bcl-2 protein and Bax protein were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with model group, butylphthalide significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 protein ( P <0.05 ) and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax ( P <0.05 ) , inhibited mitochondria infarction ( P <0.05 ) , reduced myocardial infarct size ( P<0.01 ) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Bu-tylphthalide significantly inhibits myocardial infarction by increasing expression of Bcl-2 protein and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and decreasing mitochondria infarction, reducing myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats during the acute myocardial ischemia process.

Amartya Sen's capabilities approach was deeply favored by academic comnmunity since developed.Martha Nussbaum had made great contribution on the implementation of capabilities approach.The capabilities approach was emphasized and analyzed by many foreign health econometrists,which had great value of application in health field.It briefly discussed the development of capabilities theories and described the application of capabilities approach in health economics.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at the Balance Area on ambulation and quality of life in patients with cerebral stroke.Method A hundred patients with cerebral stroke were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 50 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture at the Balance Area plus rehabilitation, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture plus rehabilitation. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden ambulation grading score, and modified Barthel Index (BI) were adopted to evaluate the walk ability and quality of life.Result The BBS score, Holden grading score, and modified BI score respectively after 1 treatment course and 2 treatment courses were significantly different from that before intervention in both groups (P<0.01). After 1 treatment course, the BBS score, Holden grading score, and BI score of the treatment group were significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at the Balance Area can effectively enhance the balance function of cerebral stroke patients, and it can promote the ambulation ability and quality of life.

Objective To study the effect of mild hypothermia on neuronal apoptosis and Bcl 2,Bax during cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusions(MCAO) in rats.Methods The model of MCAO was set up in rats using the Longa's way,and mild hypothermia was treated for 0.5h,1h,3h. After reperfusion(24h) the rat brains were cut into three sections for TUNEL staining and Bcl 2?Bax protein immunohistochemical staining.Results 1)The numbers of apoptotic cells and Bax cells in the mild hypothermia group(1h, 3h) decreased remarkable as compared with the control group( P