The following facts have been identified as a result of epidemiogical trend and characteristic of Japanese Encephalitis in Korea for the last 20 years. First: The Epidemiological period which was ten-year and three-year in the past has been disappeared following the start of immunization program at 1970. Second: The incidence rate was much higher in the south and West areas than northeast area of Korea. City and province with the highest incidence rate was Chungcheong Nam Province and Cholla Buk Province. Third: Regardless of scope of prevalence, the main season that 90 percent of total incidence occurs in one month from mid-September. Fourth: The number of case by age was that 80 percent of total patients is children aged 3-15. Recently there is an increase in the number of patients who are elderly people. Fifth: The study on the ecological conditions of mosquito including wintering and effectiveness of immunization for Japanese Encephalitis and duration on antibody should be done. Sixth: There has been no case of Japanese Encephalitis during last three years since 1984 mainly due to disinfecting to eradicate mosquitos, immunization for vulnerable group of people aged 3-15, individual precaution not to be bitten by mosquito, improvement sanitation. While there has been no case of Japanese Encephalitis during last three years, there is possibility that Japanese Encephalitis becomes prevalent again anytime since its virus has been isolated continuously from the natural reservoirs.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Child ; Culicidae ; Encephalitis, Japanese* ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Prevalence ; Sanitation ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis*

No abstract available.

To grasp the idea about how drugs are used under Medical Insurance Scheme, the amount and share of drug cost in the total medical fee have been reviewed and analyzed for different types of patients(in-patient out-patient), medical institutions and frequently seen diseases and following findings were revealed. In 1986, drug cost took 32.78% of total medical fee for in-patients and 32.98% for out-patients averaged over 30% share as a whole. When drug cost per case in 1980 be indexed to 100, it has shown steady growth to become 200 for in-patients and about 150 for out-patients in 1986. The contribution of drug cost to the total medical fee is, regardless of patient type-in-patients and out-patients, the highest in University hospitals and followed by General hospitals, Hospitals and Clinics in descending order. That for the most frequent 10 diseases came out the highest, 79% with the essential benign hypertension of out-patients in the General hospitals, 61% for the gastric ulcer of out-patients in Hospitals and 33% for the female genital disease of out-patient in Clinics. The drug cost of oral formula was contributed the most, 7.93% by cardiovascular agents followed by hepatic detoxicants(5.47%) and out-patients(4.93%), and that of injectable formula was contributed the most by antibiotics(24.17%), followed by protein amino-acid preparations(6.19%). The order of drug usage by specially for the in-patients was the highest with internal medicine followed by general surgery and E.N.T, and that for the out-patients was in the order of Internal medicine, neuropsychology and Ob/Gy. This study revealed that the drug dependency was characteristically different to specialty. In view of the fact that drug cost on average exceeds over 30% of total medical fee, proper drug administration appears to be vitally important for the financial standing of the Medical Insurance Scheme. As a consequence, drug usage guidelines including antibiotics usage shall be established first of all and the voluntary participation for the regulation of drug usage and propagation of the guidelines to medical institutions are strongly coerced.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Drug Costs* ; Fees, Medical* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Hand Strength ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insurance* ; Internal Medicine ; Neuropsychology ; Outpatients ; Stomach Ulcer

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma*

We report a case of acute graft-versus-host disease, which developed after bone marrow transplantation because of acute myelocytic leukemia in a 39-year old male, The pruritic, erythematous maculopapular eruptions began to developed on the perioral regions, and spreaded the face, the oral mucosa, both hands, and buttocks at the twenty fourth day after bone marrow transplanta.tion. The eruptions were confluent to form erythematous patches. Iistopathological findings show parakeratosis, lymphoid cell exocytosis, and papillary edema, lymphohistiocytic infiltration, and melanophage in the upper dermis, and basal vacuolation. He was treated systemically by methylprednisolone, and antilymphocytic globulin, and tapically by emollients and steroids.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Buttocks ; Dermis ; Edema ; Emollients ; Exocytosis ; Graft vs Host Disease* ; Hand ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Mouth Mucosa ; Parakeratosis ; Steroids

No abstract available.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Neonatal lupus erythematous is a rare syndrome, which is characterized by a transient lupus dermatitis, hematologic abnormalities and isolated congenital heart block. We detected the atrioventricular dissociation, bradycardia and pericardial effusion by fetal echocardiography in a female fetus at 25th weeks of gestational age. The baby was born in the 38th week of pregnancy by Cesarean section with 1790 gram of body weight. In spite of atrioventricular dissociation with bradycardia and pericardial effusion, cardiac pacemaker was not needed during neonatal period because she was doing well, no evidence of congestive heart failure and around 80 beat per minute of heart rate. The serologic markers for diagnosis of neonatal lupus are the autoantibodies specific to SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La. These antibodies are produced by the mother and passed to the fetus through the placenta. Autoantibodies of cytoplasmic SS-A antigens or SS-B antigen were found in the blood of this patient and her mother. We report a case of neonatal lupus syndrome with congenital atrioventricular dissociation with Rt. Bundle branch block and hematologic abnormality.
Antibodies ; Autoantibodies ; Body Weight ; Bradycardia ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Cesarean Section ; Cytoplasm ; Dermatitis ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Heart Block* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Pericardial Effusion ; Placenta ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Korea*

Angiodysplasia is a vascular lesion of the gut, which reveals intestinal bleeding as a major symptom. It is the cause of as much as 5~6% of the intestinal bleeding of unkown origin. Pathologically, it reveals anomalous submucosal vascular overgrowth, which is characterized by tortuous, dilated and thin-walled vessels. Because the lesion is mainly submucosal. It is hard to diagnosis with endoscopy and even in laparotpmy. Angiography has a low detection rate for angiodysplasia, but some of this typical findings are delayed excretion of dye into the venous structure around the lesion, vascular tuft in the arterial phase, and accelerated dye secretion into venous structure in the situation of arteriovenous malformation. Endoscopy, especially colonoscopy is so effective a diagnostic method as to make interventional therapy. Conjugated estrogen therapy is effective and is regarded as choice of treatment in the not-life-threatening intestinal bleeding caused by angiodysplasia. Surgery is only indicated in the case of uncontrolled bleeding. Intestinal obstruction has rarely been reported as another manifestation of intestinal angiodysplasia. Therefore pathologic definition should be confirmed, and research for pathophysiology of mucosal hypertrophy in the angiodysplasia is needed.
Angiodysplasia* ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Estrogens ; Hemorrhage ; Hypertrophy ; Intestinal Obstruction