In filariasis the infectivity of the appropriate mosquito vector is not consistent with the microfilarial density of the host. The reason may be attributed such factors as the time of microfilarial appearance in the peripheral blood of the host, the time of maximum biting activity of the arthropod vector, or the morphological adaptation of the feeding mechanism of the vector. However, it is quite puzzling to see why the number of microfilariae taken up by mosquitoes is subjected such a great variation, even though the same batch of mosquitoes are fed on the same filarial host under same laboratory conditions. The experiment was designed to observe more detail aspect of this relation. Adult Aedes togoi (Theobald, 1907) mosquitoes were reared from egg rafes colonized in an insectary. Animals used were Taiwan monkeys, Macaca cyclopsis which had been artificially infected with Wucheria malayi. The animals showed the microfilarial counts as low as nil to ten per slide of 20 cmm3 of blood, which seem to be rather fortunate for this kind of work. The microfilarial density of each animal was counted by taking each ten smears of 20 cmm(3) of peripheral blood the ear lobes before and after mosquito bite. Feeding were done in two occations, during 1600-1630 and 1900-1930 hours of the same day. The monkeys were immobilized and a rayon cage, housed 100 female mosquitoes for two days starvation, was exposed to the shaved abdomen of each animal. Fully engorged mosquitoes were transferred to a square rearing cage, which was later placed in the insectary, where kept temperature of 23-27degree C and relative humidity of 80-85 per cent. It was found that filarial larvae of the mosquito body usually develop to the third or infective stage in about 10 days after blood meal under these conditions. Daily dissections were made of these mosquitoes, either living or dead, after one week of rearing. Analysing of the result, the following conclusion was made. The rate and intensity of infection in mosquitoes are not directly related to the blood counts of microfilariae of the host animals. This is perhaps due to fluctuations of microbial outflow in the peripheral blood of individual animals. The reason of this would be no doubt due to a patch type of microfilarial distribution in the host blood.
parasitology-arthropodology-mosquito ; Aedes togoi ; Macaca cyclopsis ; monkey ; protozoology ; Brugia malayi ; microfilaria ; animal

12th International Conference on AIDS was organized in 1998 in Geneva with aim 'Shorten the Distance'. The conference presented some major achievements of AIDS control including vaccine development, treatment (drug combination, early treatment, optimal and alternative treatment in the long-term, multitherapy and optimal inhibition of each drug, dosage and drug resistance).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV

The discrimination, differential treatment, refusal and uncovering of secrete related with HIV/AIDS affected badly on the HIV/AIDS control, care and treatment of HIV/AIDS patients, families and community. The anti-discrimination and anti differential treatment for patients with HIV/AIDS is a leading priority of the AIDS control in the world.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; therapeutics

It should be assured that at least 90% of young people (in the year 2005) and 95% of them (in 2010) with ages of 15-24 will approach to the education and information of HIV/AIDS, including the peer and specific education. The essential services and living experiences should be provided to young people to reduce the susceptibility of them for HIV. The comprehensive relations between parents, families, school and health staffs should be strengthened in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control. It should also equip the full, thorough information of HIV/AIDS for young people
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

In 1999, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has developed rapidly and spread widely to 61 out of 61 provinces and cities. The epidemic has developed mainly in drug injected users, but it tends to increase in sex industrial workers and develop to general population, especially in thirties. HIV/AIDS remains an urgent problem now because of increase in number, expanse in geography, younger in age and tends to invade more deeply to general population.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The authors present a study on the pathological features of 45 spleens which were splenectomised by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from 1/1/1990 to 31/12/1997 at Viet Duc hospital, 43/45 were women, age from 12 to 50, in which 35/45 were under 30 ages. Weight and sexe of these spleens were observed. They are in normal size or rather enlarged, but their weight are hyperplasis, but no sclerosis and nomalignacy: neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and sometimes megakaryocytes may be found in the red
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; Pathology

Men were susceptible to HIV in the special condition. The HIV/AIDS prevention and control program of United Nation recognized some groups of men that should be considered including men working in dangerous sites, army, far from their home, continuous changed there offices, prisoner and street men.
HIV ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Comprehensive care for HIV/AIDS patients in community is very necessary. The author advances 3 solution groups: infectious source includes drug use, vaccine, advisory control, treatment; infectious way include sterile instrument use; sensory body include realizing safely behaviours in infection. These are also opinions of our State "considering people with HIV are patients" to create opportunity for them to integrate with community life
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV ; Communicable Diseases

Objective To investigate the effects of Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and neurological function in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods Patients meet the diagnostic criteria of the PSD were randomly recurited into a control group and a study group.The control group received conventional therapy. On this basis, the study group was treated with Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction.The levels of serum BDNF,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24), neurological impairment rating scale (MESSS), stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement table (STREAM) rate situation and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results After treated for 3 weeks and 6 weeks,the serum BDNF level in the study group was significantly higher(t=2.52、 2.14. P＜0.05) than the control group, while HAMD score was significantly lower than the control group(t=2.07、3.02,P＜0.01). MESSS score in the study group was also significantly lower than control group (t=2.51、4.50, P＜0.01). After 6 weeks treatment both STREAM score(t=2.01, P＜0.05) and the therapeutic effects (x2=7.93,P＜0.05) showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Chaihujia-Longgumuli decoction can increase serum BDNF levels, reduce depression, improve nerve and motor function and boost clinical efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Mimic pulsatile flow system is the optimal device to assess the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses, but few studies concern about the performance of mimic pulsatile flow system and the effect of mimic cardiac ventricle driving curve on hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses. OBJECTIVE: To research the effect of cardiac ventricle driving curve on the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prostheses under physiological condition DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a control observation, was carried out in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory,Biomedical Engineering Center, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University (Chengdu, Sichuan, China)from April 1999 to February 2000.MATERIALS: Mimic pulsatile flow system was adopted, with the mimic cardiac output at 4 L per minute and heart rate at75 beats per minute. METHODS: The mimic puisatile flow system was implanted with 25 nun Carbo Medics bileaflet prosthesis into the aortic valve position, with 27 mm Bj(o)rk-Shiley tilting disc prosthesis into the mitral valve position. Standard cardiac ventricle driving curve was employed to test the system parameters and maintain the aortic pressure at 16.0/10.7 kPa (120/80 mm Hg).Experimental liquid was a mixtrue of saline and glycerine, at a viscosity of 3.5noa·s(3.5Cp)and a density of 1.06g/cm3.The mimic flow system kept at an unchanged level of ventricular end diastolic volume, aorta arterial compliance, peripheral resistance and peripheral compliance. The coordinate on several points of standard cardiac ventricle driving curve was modified to define 4 control curves, followed by a series of procedures, such as automatic interpolation, fitting, waveform smoothing and filtering. The hydrodynamic performance of each controlled curve was also tested. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean transvaivular pressure gradient, effective orifice area, closing volume and leakage volume of mechanical valvular prostheses were evaluated in five cardiac ventricle driving curves.RESULTS: The cardiac ventricle driving curves developed morphological changes within physiological conditions,subsequently induced a 2.9% variance of mean transvalvular pressure gradient, 1.5% variance of effective orifice area, 6.6%variance of closing volume and 3.6% variance of leakage volume.CONCLUSION: The cardiac ventricle driving curve has a certain effect on the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical valvular prosthesis, thereby leads to an adverse effect on the objectivity and comparability of the hydrodynamic evaluation.