Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Familial Juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by early onset of hyperuricemia, gout and progressive kidney disease. Hyperuricemia prior to renal impairment and decreased fractional excretion of uric acid are hallmarks of FJHN. Renal dysfunction gradually appears early in life and results in end-stage renal disease usually between the ages of 20 and 70 years. FJHN is mostly caused by mutations in the uromodulin gene located at 16p12. The course of FJHN is highly variable. Treatment includes management for hyperuricemia, gout and progressive kidney disease. Individuals with gout have been usually treated with allopurinol. But controversy exists as to whether uric acid lowering therapy prevents the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Allopurinol ; Gout ; Hyperuricemia ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Uric Acid ; Uromodulin

Hypertension affects the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease and mortality. Previously, many hypertension guidelines have suggested blood pressure targets in patients with CKD. Recently, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 Guideline for Hypertension suggests a new definition for hypertension and therapeutic targets, which were equally applicated to patients with CKD. These changes reflect the results of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) study, but the renal outcome of intensive blood pressure control was not good. Furthermore, the majority of hypertension guidelines including those of the Korean Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Hypertension have retained the traditional definition. Herein, we intend to analyze in detail the effect of intensive blood pressure control on kidney through the post-hoc analyses of the SPRINT study.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Mortality ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Nutritional Support ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; therapy ; Nutritional Support ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; therapy

The kidneys are closely connected with several organs, including the liver, and can therefore be negatively affected when the liver is damaged. The most common cause of chronic liver disease is chronic viral hepatitis, resulting from either a hepatitis B virus (HBV) or a hepatitis C virus (HCV). Chronic viral hepatitis often progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it can also lead to viral-associated glomerulopathies that can cause chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can then progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, patients with ESRD on hemodialysis are at risk for viral infections because HBV and HCV are hematogenously transmitted. Recently, treatments with oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogues and direct-acting antivirals have yielded excellent results in HBV- and HCV-infected patients with CKD. As a result, a new paradigm for the treatment of chronic viral infections in CKD patients has emerged. This review discusses viral-associated glomerulopathies, antiviral treatments of HBV and HCV infections in patients with CKD, and prevention strategies for the transmission of HBV and HCV in patients with ESRD.
Antiviral Agents ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Chronic Disease ; Fibrosis ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney ; Liver Diseases ; Liver ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Kidney disease is a major global health issue. Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation have been used in the clinic to treat renal failure. However, the dialysis is not an effective long-term option, as it is unable to replace complete renal functions. Kidney transplantation is the only permanent treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but a shortage of implantable kidney tissues limits the therapeutic availability. As such, there is a dire need to come up with a solution that provides renal functions as an alternative to the current standards. Recent advances in cellbased therapy have offered new therapeutic options for the treatment of damaged kidney tissues. Particularly, cell secretome therapy utilizing bioactive compounds released from therapeutic cells holds significant beneficial effects on the kidneys. This review will describe the reno-therapeutic effects of secretome components derived from various types of cells and discuss the development of efficient delivery methods to improve the therapeutic outcomes.
Dialysis ; Global Health ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Regenerative Medicine ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency

Renal anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease and known to be caused by erythropoietin or iron deficiency. However, erythrocytosis in patients on dialysis has rarely been reported and usually associated with renal cell carcinoma, polycythemia vera or acquired cystic kidney disease. Here we report a case of erythrocytosis in an ESRD patient with resolution after kidney transplantation. A 38-year-old man on peritoneal dialysis for 5 years was admitted for kidney transplantation. On admission, blood Hgb and Hct was 19.7 g/dL and 61.4%, respectively. Serum erythropoietin level was 347 mIU/mL. Multiple variable sized cystic lesions were identified on both kidneys without evidence of internal malignancy in abdomen and pelvis CT scan. After kidney transplantation, Hgb was 12.5 g/dL and serum erythropoietin level was 13.1 mIU/mL. Some of renal cysts on CT scan disappeared or decreased in size. This finding suggests that erythrocytosis in this patient can be associated with acquired cystic kidney disease.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Anemia ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Dialysis ; Erythropoietin ; Humans ; Iron ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation ; Pelvis ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Polycythemia ; Polycythemia Vera ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Child ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; prevention & control ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; prevention & control ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; prevention & control

A simple definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is necessary to establish clinical practical guidelines. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) defined CKD as kidney damage or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more, irrespective of cause. In addition, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO), provided evidence-based understanding of CKD and established global consensus while identifying a collaborative research agenda and plan for the practical definition and classification of CKD. To identify CKD, estimation of the GFR from the serum creatinine and the presence of albuminuria are essential. The GFR estimation needs the application of appropriate equations, such as the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation or the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and calibration of the serum creatinine. Albuminuria can be detected using an albumin-to-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g in two of three spot urine collections. With the CKD guidelines of K/DOQI and KDIGO, the diagnosis and early detection of CKD, which may need a Korean estimation equation, are improving and should help to reduce the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease in Korea.
Albuminuria ; Calibration ; Consensus ; Creatinine ; Diet ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Urine Specimen Collection