To construct a non-communicable disease system recommended by WHO, develop the key techniques and promote their applications, obtain the main health indicators and understand the prevalence of chronic diseases, and provide support for the prevention, control and research of chronic diseases. Based on factor analysis, K-means clustering and multi-cluster random sampling, 30 typical sampling areas at provincial level were designed and constructed; By referring to WHO's Non-communicable Disease Surveillance Framework and the American behavioral risk factor sampling and questionnaire and combined with China's actual needs, a comprehensive surveillance system for chronic diseases, covering morbidity and mortality, risk factor exposure and community management and control of chronic diseases, was established, a "5+12+1" quality control system for surveillance data collection, management, analysis and feedback was formed and a three-level surveillance information management platform and information technology construction standards in the province were established, resulting the integration of life registration, chronic disease case reporting and community chronic disease management. Using these key techniques, we have obtained high-quality surveillance data of the whole province, produced the main health indicators, carried out research of chronic diseases, and analyze the prevalence and changing trend of the main chronic diseases and related risk factors to boost the government's practical projects for the reform of the people's livelihood and facilitate the construction of "Healthy Zhejiang". The successful experiences and key techniques have been applied in the construction of chronic disease surveillance system in some provinces in China.
China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease ; Chronic Disease Indicators ; Humans ; Noncommunicable Diseases ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to show a relationship between health perception and health promoting behaviors in chronic low back pain patients. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 213 persons who the visited hospital with low back pain-related problems. RESULTS: The higher the levelof the health perception in chronic back pain patients was the higher the rate of the practice of health promoting behaviors (r=0.393, p<.001). The health perception T score was 50.00+/-10.00. As for health promoting behaviors, the T score was 49.99+/-10.00. The subscale of the highest mean score was interpersonal support (2.96+/-0.64) and the subscale of the lowest mean score was exercise (2.13+/-0.99). CONCLUSION: This study showed that chronic low back pain patients had a lower level of perception of their health, and their practice to improve their health was not enough. Therefore, nurses should educate and encourage chronic low back pain patients in proper exercises and correct posture to strengthen and maintain lumbar extension muscle power.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; *Health Promotion ; Health Status ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/diagnosis/*psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept

OBJECTIVETo assess the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the Chinese Quality of Life Instrument (ChQOL) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODSAssessment on quality of life (QOL) of 39 CHF patients was performed in synchronous step adopting three generally used questionnaires the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-BREF), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-items Health Survey (SF-36), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF), as well as the ChQOL respectively.

RESULTSChQOL showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7), with its theoretical structural model consistent with the three factors produced from factor analysis, and showed better criterion validity than that of WHOQOL-BREF, SF-36 and MLHF. The 4 weeks' follow-up visiting completed in 32 patients showed that according to patients' self-evaluation and the cardiac functional assessment by the doctors, the responsiveness of the ChQOL was better than that of the WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36, but slightly inferior to that of the MLHF.

CONCLUSIONChQOL showed good reliability, validity and responsiveness in assessing QOL of CHF patients.

Aged ; China ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Health Status Indicators ; Heart Failure ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Self-Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONSubjective indicators of health like self-rated health (SRH) have been shown to be a predictor of mortality and morbidity. We determined the prevalence of poor SRH in Singapore and its association with various lifestyle and socioeconomic factors and disease states.

MATERIALS AND METHODSCross-sectional survey by interviewer-administered questionnaire of participants aged 40 years and above. SRH was assessed from a standard question and categorised into poor, fair, good or excellent. Lifestyle factors, socioeconomic factors and presence of disease states were also assessed.

RESULTSOut of 409 participants, 27.6% rated their health as poor or fair, 53.1% as good and 19.3% as excellent. Smaller housing-type (PRR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.10- 2.44) and lack of exercise (PRR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.06-2.22) were found to be associated with poor SRH. Presence of chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (PRR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.13-3.17), diabetes mellitus (PRR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.18-2.91), history of cancer (PRR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.05-4.41) and depression (PRR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.13-2.65) were associated with poor SRH.

CONCLUSIONPrevalence and factors associated with poor SRH in Singapore was comparable to other developed countries. SRH is an important subjective outcome of health and has the potential for wider use in clinical practice in Singapore.

Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVETo describe chronic diseases and other related health indicators of centenarians, compare these health indicators with other age groups in longevity areas in China.

METHODSResidents who participated in the project of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2008 - 2009 were selected from 7 Longevity Areas.2029 people aged 40 and over attended the study from March to June, 2009, including 469 aged 40 and over, 436 aged 60 and over, 346 aged 80 and over, 380 aged 90 and over, 398 centenarians. Information, including socio-demographic, were collected by self-designed questionnaire. Calibrated instruments were used by the clinical personnel who had worked over 3 years to manually check subjects' health. Venous blood and urine samples were collected for blood and urine routine test, plasma macro and trace elements test, plasma biological test, using standard methods such as instrument analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical methods.

RESULTSIn the groups aged 40 and over, 60 and over, 80 and over, 90 and over, 100 and over, the body mass index (BMI) were (23.2 +/- 4.6), (22.1 +/- 3.7), (20.2 +/- 3.4), (20.2 +/- 3.9) and (19.1 +/- 5.0) kg/m(2) in males (F = 22.78, P < 0.01) and (23.3 +/- 4.0), (21.6 +/- 3.5), (19.7 +/- 3.9), (19.0 +/- 4.8), (18.4 +/- 3.8) kg/m(2) in females (F = 51.84, P < 0.01); the prevalence of hypertension were 38.3% (80/209), 60.8% (166/273), 63.5% (106/167), 61.8% (68/110), 54.8% (34/62) in males (chi(2) = 34.26, P < 0.01) and 32.3% (84/260), 60.1% (98/163), 69.8% (125/179), 61.5% (166/270), 58.9% (198/336) in females (chi(2) = 78.45, P < 0.01); the prevalence of diabetes were 10.5% (22/209), 12.5% (34/273), 9.0% (15/167), 18.2% (20/110), 12.9% (8/62) in males (chi(2) = 5.92, P = 0.20) and 4.2% (11/260), 15.3% (25/163), 10.1% (18/179), 12.2% (33/270), 7.4% (25/336) in females (chi(2) = 19.25, P < 0.01). In groups aged 40 and over, 90 and over, 100 and over, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were (29.03 +/- 5.79), (30.93 +/- 5.39), (31.63 +/- 5.92) U/ml in males (F = 4.40, P < 0.05) and (28.27 +/- 6.25), (30.86 +/- 5.72), (31.55 +/- 5.25) U/ml in females (F = 13.13, P < 0.05); levels of plasma calcium were (3.63 +/- 1.08), (3.09 +/- 0.91), (3.34 +/- 1.07) mmol/L in males (F = 5.71, P < 0.01) and (3.84 +/- 1.02), (3.19 +/- 1.16), (3.38 +/- 1.16) mmol/L in females (F = 11.61, P < 0.01); levels of selenium were (1.44 +/- 0.86), (1.28 +/- 0.60), (1.75 +/- 0.57)micromol/L in males (F = 3.79, P < 0.05) and (1.44 +/- 0.80), (1.48 +/- 0.81), (1.78 +/- 0.80) micromol/L in females (F = 8.69, P < 0.01); levels of iron were (63.25 +/- 49.05), (71.86 +/- 54.16), (138.36 +/- 77.60) micromol/L in males (F = 22.78, P < 0.01) and (64.86 +/- 57.72), (74.56 +/- 56.93), (106.56 +/- 74.08) micromol/L in females (F = 17.88, P < 0.01); levels of copper were (23.49 +/- 12.85), (17.96 +/- 7.57), (22.33 +/- 6.89) micromol/L in males (F = 5.18, P < 0.01) and (21.52 +/- 10.63), (19.60 +/- 9.57), (22.99 +/- 8.71) micromol/L in females (F = 5.68, P < 0.01); positive rates of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) were 5.5% (8/146), 24.0% (18/75), 31.3% (10/32) in males (chi(2) = 22.62, P < 0.01) and 9.8% (12/122), 19.6% (40/204), 25.1% (49/195) in females (chi(2) = 11.24, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the centenarians have lower chronic diseases risks and higher anti-oxidants activity compared with other age groups, and have a high level of nutritional elements compared with those aged 90 and over. However, it is more common for them suffering from inflammation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Longevity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Smoking

Objective: To investigate the self-rated health and related factors in centenarians in Hainan province. Methods: A cross-sectional study in centenarians from 18 cities and counties was carried out in Hainan between June 2014 and December 2016. They data about their demographics, chronic diseases, ability of daily life, mental health and sleep quality were collected in a household interview. Self-rated health status was classified into 5 degrees according to the subjective assessment by centenarians. Results: Of 991 centenarians in this study, 157 (15.8%) were in good self-rated health and 228 (23.0%) were in poor self-rated health. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic pain, visual impairment, depression, limited ability of daily life and poor sleep quality were the factors associated with poor self-rated health in centenarians in Hainan (P<0.05). Conclusion: The proportion of centenarians in good self-rated health was low in Hainan, the influencing factors included chronic pain, visual impairment, depression, poor sleep quality and limited ability of daily life. It is necessary to conduct targeted intervention in centenarians in Hainan.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology* ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Status ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Legal pulmonary disability in Korea is decided for chronic respiratory patients who have been diagnosed for a year or more, and the patients haven't gotten better after more than 2 months of sufficient treatment and they have shown no change in their pulmonary function within the two years after their original diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and progress of those patients who have been diagnosed as having pulmonary disability. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of the patients who had been decided as having pulmonary disability at a tertiary university hospital from 2003 to 2004, and these patients could be followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS: The number of enrolled patients was 118 (male : female = 95 : 23) and their mean age was 60+/-10 years. Their major underlying diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=45, 38%), tuberculous destroyed lung (n=29, 25%), and bronchial asthma (n=27, 23%). Of them, the number of patients with a class 1 pulmonary disability were 24 (20%), there were 28 class 2 patients (24%) and 66 class 3 patients (56%). The FEV1 could be followed up for 42 of these patients, of whom 20 patients showed no change or a decrease in their FEV1 but 22 showed an increased FEV1. Especially, some of them showed the increase of their FEV1 of 10% or more, and the 50% of them were patients with bronchial asthma. During the follow-up period, 6 patients died; 3 were class 1, 1 was class 2 and 2 were class 3. Five of these patients died of their underlying pulmonary diseases or combined pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to decide the pulmonary disability after sufficient treatment and to perform periodic follow-up testing even after the disability decision for confirming that the disability is stable and also to adjust the class of the disability. Further studies are needed to observe the clinical progress and prognosis of patients with pulmonary disability by performing long-term follow-up for a large number of patients.
Asthma/mortality/*physiopathology ; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ; Decision Making ; *Disabled Persons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Health Status Indicators ; Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/mortality/*physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality/*physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between self-rated health (SRH) and prevalence of chronic diseases, and all-cause mortality in the elderly population.

METHODSIn 1992, a cohort of 3257 people > or = 55 years old was selected from Beijing, the information of SRH and other related variables were collected from 3 157 subjects at the baseline survey. Three follow-up surveys were conducted in 1994, 1997 and 2000, respectively.

RESULTSThe SRH was influenced by age, gender, marriage status and satisfaction on their own economic condition. Comparing the subjects with excellent SRH, the prevalence rates of chronic diseases, stroke, heart diseases and respiratory system diseases were almost doubled among those with average and poor SRH. By 2000, 993 death occurred. All-cause mortality was negatively associated with SRH, i.e. the risk of death was 12% which was 53% higher for the subjects with average SRH (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.93 - 1.35) and poor SRH (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.25 - 1.88) than those with excellent SRH, respectively. The risks of death from stroke and heart disease were 2.25 (HR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.67 - 3.04) and 2.22 (HR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.61 - 3.07) times higher among the subjects with poor SRH than those with excellent SRH respectively. After adjustment for age, gender, resident place, marriage status, education, satisfaction on their own economic condition, seeing doctors or hospitalized within the last 1 year, history of chronic disease, cognition function, body mass index, activities of daily living and depression, as well as deleted the subjects died within first or third year of the baseline survey respectively, poor SRH remained a significantly independent predictor to all-cause death as well as to the death of stroke and heart diseases.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of poor SRH was influenced by age, gender, marriage status and satisfaction on their own economic condition. Poor SRH was associated with the prevalence of chronic conditions and mortality among the elderly. The findings suggested that SRH might have served as an important indicator in the evaluation on health status among the elderly.

Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Status ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk ; Self Concept ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards ; Survival Analysis