To control the quality of Maca, the quality standard was established in this study. According to the methods recorded in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the water, extract, total ash, acid insoluble substance, and heavy metals inspections in Lepidium meyenii were carried out. N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide in L. meyenii was identified by TLC, and it was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide identification of TLC was a strong mark and specificity. In content determination experiment, the linearity of N-benzyl-9Z, 12Z-octadecadienamide was in the range of 0.01-2 microg (r = 0.9998), and the average recovery (n=9) was 99.27% (RSD 2.0%). The methods were simple, accurate, with good reproducibility. It is suitable for quality control L. meyenii.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo perform a pharmacognostical study of the leaf of Uncaria hirsuta Havil.

METHODSThe specimens of Folium Uncariae Hirsutae were collected for studying its characteristics, microscopic appearance and thin-layer chromatography.

RESULTSThe leaf of Uncaria hirsuta Havil was characterized by numerous multicellular non-glandular hairs, 2 lines of palisade tissue, a diacytic type of stoma, and clustered crystals in its parenchyma. At least two kinds of alkaloids identical to the control were identified in the specimens.

CONCLUSIONThe results can be used as the evidence for identification, formulation of the quality-control standards as well as further utilization of Folium Uncariae Hirsutae.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Pharmacognosy ; methods ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Uncaria ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) fingerprint of flavonoid constituents from Polygonatum odoratum, to set up the identification protocol of the herbal and provide scientific information for its quality control.

METHODThe ethanol extracts were separated on silica gel G precoated plate with a mixture of toluene-ethylacetate-formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. The spots were visualized with ammonia vapor, then were examined under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The plate was scanned at wavelengths of lambdaR = 500 nm, lambdaS = 280 nm.

RESULTA fingerprint of flavonoids of P. odoratum, with 10 specific fluorescent spots while examined under ultraviolet light, was set up.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used for quality control of P. odoratum.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo perfect the current standard of Rhizoma Diosoreae and Rhizoma Diosoreae stir-baked with bran by improving quality standards of the two processed pieces.

METHODThe quality standards were established according to 9 batches of processed pieces, separately. The standards contains items of identification, water, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, extractives, heavy metals limit, organochlorine limit, microbial limit and assay.

RESULTThe TLC of the two pieces was characteristed. The contents of acid-insoluble ash in the two pieces were increased, not more than 0.5%, 0.3%, respectively. The content limits of five kinds of heavy metals and harmful elements, two kinds of residual organochlorine pesticides and three microbial limits were increased. There were no more than 2 x 10(-7) of lead, 2 x 10(-7) of cadmium, 1 x 10(-5) of copper, 3 x 10(-7) of arsenic, 1 x 10(-7) of mercury, 1 x 10(-7) of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) and 1 x 10(-7) of chlorophenothane (DDT) in the two processed pieces, respectively. There were no more than 2 000 and 600 cfu x mL(-1) in the two pieces, respectively and no more than 30 MPN x 100 g(-1) and fungi can not be tested in the two pieces. The contents of allantoin in the two pieces were no more than 0.15%.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple and suitable for the quality control of the two processed pieces.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish the qualitative and quantitative methods of Caratostigma willmottianum.

METHODThe roots of Radix Ceratostigmae were identified by TLC with the authentic medicinal material and plumbagin as the reference. The contents of plumbagin in Radix Ceratostigmae were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe TLC method was simple and specific. A Diamonsil C18 column was used. The mobile phase was methanol-water (75:25). Plumbagin in the sawple extract was separated well. The linear range of plumbagin was 33.6-313.6 ng. The average recovery of plumbagin was 100.3% and RSD was 1.9%.

CONCLUSIONThe methods can be used for identification and determination of plumbagin in C. willmottianum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Naphthoquinones ; analysis ; Plumbaginaceae ; chemistry

To establish the quality standard of Sappan Lignum, TLC and HPLC method were employed. The components of Sappan Lignum could be separated well on GF254 thin layer plate using a mixture of chloroform-acetone-formic acid (8:4:1) as the mobile phase, and the 18 samples collected basically showed the same spots. The ethanol-soluble extractives of 18 samples varied in the range of 6.4% to 11.3%. The methodological investigation of assay showed, the peak areas and the injection amount of Brazilin and (+/-) protosappanin B were in good linear correlation when their amounts were in the ranges of 0.362-5.425 microg and 0.313-4.695 microg, with the regression equations of Y = 798,999.57X - 219,666.54 (r = 0.9997) and Y = 930,296.63X - 123,330.67 (r = 0.9995) and the average recoveries were 98.6% and 100.5%, respectively. The contents differed significantly among the samples. The TLC identification method established was suitable to identify Sappan Lignum due to its strong specificity. The HPLC assay method established could be applied to the quality control of Sappan Lignum due to its convenience, good reproducibility and high accuracy.
Benzopyrans ; analysis ; chemistry ; Caesalpinia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo find out the optimal extraction technique for HDCA (a-hydroxycholic acid).

METHODAccording to the orthogonal design L9(3(4)), the optimal extraction technique was sought through experimental investigation, and the content of HDCA was determined by TLC.

RESULTThe optimal extraction method was eightfold 8% NaOH solution and 16 hours. The optimal purification method was six fold ethyl acetate, 5% active carbon, and 30 minutes twice.

CONCLUSIONThe above mentioned extraction technique is optimal and feasible in extraction of HDCA.

Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Deoxycholic Acid ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Materia Medica ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Swine ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo determine the chemical profile and steroids composition of the medicinally important plant Aerva lanata (A. lanata) L.

METHODSPreliminary phytochemical screening was done by the method as Harborne described. HPTLC studies were carried out as Harborne and Wagner et al described. The Ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8: 2: 1.2) was employed as mobile phase for glycosides.

RESULTSThe desired aim was achieved using Chloroform-acetone (8: 2) as the mobile phase. The methanolic extract of stem, leaves, root, flower and seeds of A. lanata showed the presence of 30 different types of steroids with 30 different Rf values from 0.04 to 0.97. Maximum number (11) of steroids has been observed in leaves followed by root (10).

CONCLUSIONSHPTLC profile of steroids has been chosen here to reveal the diversity existing in A. lanata. Such finger printing is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and act as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies.

Amaranthaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Steroids ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish the qualitative and quantitative methods of gallic acid in pomegranate rind.

METHODThe thin layer chromatographic method was used for identitication, and the high performance liquid chromatographic method was used for assay. Extracts were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column eluted with the mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitrile containing 0.2% methanol and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid and 0.1% TEA (3:97). The detection wavelength was set at 216 nm, and colum temperature was 40 degrees C.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.085-0.768 microg (r = 0.9996). The average recovery was 96.7% (RSD 0.8%, n = 5). 20 batches of the crude drug were identified and assayed, with the methods.

CONCLUSIONThe methods were sensitive and reliable, and can be used for quality control of the pomegranate rind.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Gallic Acid ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Punicaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results

Aflatoxins are very harmful pollutants generally existing in peanuts, corns, farm products and so on. Many methods for the determination of aflatoxins have been developed in recent thirty years. The limits for aflatoxins have been set down for foods and farm products in different countries successively. In China, the methods for the determination of aflatoxins in foods cannot meet the need of new limit regulations. Aflatoxins were found in some traditional Chinese medicines according to some literatures. But the detective method and standard for the determination of aflatoxins is not established in active pharmacopoeia. The analytical methods for aflatoxins have been summarized in this paper, which can provide the references to the researchers who are engaged in the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines and foods. This paper mainly focuses on the liquid chromatography method with immunoaffinity column cleanup using post-column derivatization system for aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can be adsorbed in the immunoaffinity column peculiarly on the basis of this method, and then they can be eluted with organic solvent. It is the best way for cleanup using immunoaffinity column for the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines. This HPLC method with fluorescence detector using post-column derivatization system is a commonly used method in different countries, and it is more sensitive and accurate. Our studies have also proved that this method, that is: the liquid chromatography methods with immunoaffinity column cleanup using post-column derivatization system for aflatoxins, is the best method, which is suitable for the determination of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines.
Aflatoxins ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drug Contamination ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ; Food Analysis ; methods ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry