OBJECTIVETo provide application basis of the Forsythia suspensa by studying the difference of HPLC-FP of F. suspensa fructification (medicinal materials).

METHODComparative work was done on F. suspensa produced in different areas, on different parts of Forsythia suspensa, and on the pseudo preducts with methods of HPLC-FP.

RESULTDifferent FP characteristics were shown respectively by different samples, which were from different producing areas, from different parts, and the pseudo products including the fructification of Syringa reticulata var. and F. viridissimac.

CONCLUSIONThe FP can be used to distinguish the F. suspensa coming from different producing areas and different sources.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Paper ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; classification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Peptide Mapping ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Species Specificity

This study was designed to prospect the 'In-labelled paclitaxel as tumor imaging agent. In order to provide a taxol molecule with a functional group which is able to chelate In-lll, taxol-DTPA conjugate and 2-hemisuccinyltaxol were synthesized by esterification of taxol at C-2 on C-13 carbon with DTPA anhydride and succinic anhydride, respectively. Synthesis yield of the taxol derivatives was 34% for taxol- DTPA and 80% for 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol. Cytotoxicity of the taxol derivatives were measured by MTT method toward cell lines HT29, B16, P388, and CT26. The cytotoxic activities of the taxol derivatives were maintained, although less active than taxol. Radiolabelling of the taxol derivatives were proceeded directly with 111InCh or indirectly with 111In-citrate(ligand-exchange method). The ligand-exchane methocl was not suitable because some precipitat:es appeared during the reaction. On the contrary, by direct radiolabelling methnd, we were able to obtain taxol DTPA-111In in 100% radiochemical yield. However, 2'-hemisuccinyltaxol was not labellecl by both methods. Yield and radiochemiral purity of the radiolabelled com- pound were determined by HPI.C, paper chromatography and instant thin layer chromatography. Taxol-DTPA-111In was characterized to be hydrophilic by lipophi- licity test, and nearly non-adhesive to HT29, E316, P388, and CT26 by cell hinding affinity test. Binding affinity of the taxol-DTPA-111In complex to serum proteins was also examined by protein precipitation with 30% trichloroacetic acid. The results showed that 309o of the taxol-DTPA-111In complex binds with serum proteins.
Blood Proteins ; Carbon ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Paper ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Esterification ; Paclitaxel* ; Pentetic Acid ; Trichloroacetic Acid

Anthocyanin pigments from varieties of black, red and wild rice were identified and quantified to evaluate their potential as nutritional function, natural colorants or functional food ingredients. Anthocyanin extraction was conducted with acidified methanol with 0.1M HCl (85:15, v/v) and identification of anthocyanin, aglycone and sugar moieties was conducted by comparison with purified standards by HPLC, Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectrophotometer and paper chromatography. Black and wild rice showed three different types of pigments by HPLC whereas red rice variety did not show any anthocyanins. Out of three pigments detected, one (peak 2) was characterized as cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) by comparison of spectroscopic and chromatographic properties with an authentic standard, and another (peak 3) was tentatively identified as cyanidin-fructoside on the basis of spectroscopic properties with lambdamax of aglycone in 1% HCl methanol at 537 nm, electrospray ionization mass spectra with major ions at 449 and 287 m/z and chromatographic properties. But another pigment (peak 1) has not been characterized. The most abundant anthocyanin in black and wild rice was C3G.
Absorption ; Anthocyanins ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Paper ; Functional Food ; Glucosides ; Ions ; Methanol

Growth under conditions of iron-restriction and the production of siderophore was examined in Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653. This strain grew and multiplied in the presence of the high-affinity iron chelators ethylenediamine-di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). Chrorne azurol S (CAS) agar and solution were used to detect the production of siderophore under these condition. Siderophore could be detected in the iron-rcstricted culture supernatants. The siderophore was extracted from iron-restricted culture supernatants by phenol-chloroform-ether method and purified by Dowex ion-exchange and Sephadex G-25 gel filtracton chromatography. The purified siderophore was confirmed by paper chromatography and HPLC. The Purified siderophore enhanced the growth of V. mimicus when the bacterium was grown in iron limited medium. Injection of both the siderohore and the bacteria to mice resulted in more rapid death than that of the only bacteria. However, the siderophore did not show lethality to mice and any toxicity to cell line like HeLa and U937.
Agar ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Cell Line ; Chelating Agents ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Paper ; Iron ; Mice ; Vibrio mimicus* ; Vibrio*

PURPOSE: Ethylenediamine-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP) has widely used chelator for the labeling of bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals complexed with radiometals. 153Sm can be produced by the HANARO reactor at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon, Korea. 153Sm has favourable radiation characteristics T1/2=46.7 h, beta max=0.81 MeV (20%), 0.71 MeV (49%), 0.64 MeV (30%) and gamma=103 keV (30%) emission which is suitable for imaging purposes during therapy. We investigated the labeling condition of 153Sm-EDTMP and imaging of 153Sm-EDTMP in normal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EDTMP 20 mg was solved in 0.1 mL 2 M NaOH. 153SmCl3 was added to EDTMP solution and pH of the reaction mixtures was adjusted to 8 and 12, respectively. Radiochemical purity was determined with paper chromatography. After 30 min. reaction, reaction mixtures were neutralized to pH 7.4, and the stability was estimated upto 120 hrs. Imaging studies of each reaction were perfomed in normal rats (37 MBq/0.1 mL). RESULTS: The labeling yield of 153Sm-EDTMP was 99%. The stability of pH 8 reaction at 60, 96 and 120 hr was 99%, 95%, 89% and that of pH 12 at 36, 60, 96 and 120 hr was 99%, 95%, 88%, 66%, respectively. The 153Sm-EDTMP showed constantly higher bone uptake from 2 to 48 hr after injection. CONCLUSION: 153Sm-EDTMP, labeled at pH 8 reaction condition, has been stably maintained. Image of 153Sm-EDTMP at 2, 24, 48 hr after injection, demonstrate that 153Sm-EDTMP is a good bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals.
Academies and Institutes ; Animals* ; Chromatography, Paper ; Daejeon ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea ; Nuclear Energy ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Rats

Radioactive (14)C-glucose(U) was given to Clonorchis sinensis in Tris buffer medium, in corder to trace the metabolic fate of the labelled carbon. The labelled carbon from glucose enters into intermediary metabolites and end products of anaeroblic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and of aerobic Krebs cycle. These product were identified by one or two-dimensional paper chromatography in combination with autoradoigraphy. The labelled metabolites detected in this experiment corresponded to pyruvic acid, latic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid. Amino acids, such as alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, theronine, and serine, derived by the degradation of (14)C- glycose were also found. Labelled compounds behaving like alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were observed in the chroma to gram of incubation medium. The preciptation which suggests a positive reaction for protein occured when absolute ethanol was added to the incubation medium.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; two-dimensional paper chromatography ; autoradiography ; metabolism ; glucose

The incubation of adenosine 5-monophosphate(AMP) with the homogenates of the epidermis and dermis, which were obtained from the axilIary skin of osmidrosis (bromidrosis) patients, resulted in the formation of adenosine and inorganic phosphate (Pi) without further degradation, as demonstrated by paper chromatography. The conversion of AMP to adenosine in the skin was catalyzed by 5-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. It was found that 5-nucleotidase was present both in the epidermis and dermis, being more active in the latter, and that the enzyme was responsible for more than 80% of the total AMP-hydrolyzing activity present in the skin homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase was shown to be present mainIy in the dermis. And its contribution to AMP hydrolysis was insignificant at pH 7.4. From these results, it is evident that AMP is converted to adenosine chiefly by 5-nucleotidase, which is present in the epidermis and dermis.
5'-Nucleotidase* ; Adenosine ; Adenosine Monophosphate* ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Chromatography, Paper ; Dermis* ; Epidermis* ; Humans* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis* ; Skin*

Analysis of leaf exudates of Vicia faba using paper chromatography to identify individual amino acids and sugars qualitatively was investigated. The results revealed that the number of identified amino acids detected in the leaf exudates of the susceptible plants was more than those of resistant plants. The results also showed an increase in the number of amino acids exuded by infected leaves, but no marked difference in sugars of infected and non infected plants. Lithium chloride application led to decrease in amino acid and sugar contents. The number of amino acids and sugars was also decreased with leaf age. Botrytis fabae and the selected fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) were used to show the effect of individual amino acid and sugar on their spore germination. It was observed that all amino acids stimulated the fungal spore germination except serine which inhibited its spore germination. In case of A. alternata, spore germination was stimulated by all amino acids except serine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine and methionine which caused the inhibition. In case of F. oxysporum, aspartic and glutamic acids inhibited spore germination but the other amino acids stimulated its spore germination. Aspartic acid and phenyl alanine inhibited the spore germination of A. niger. All the identified sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose and rhamnose) stimulated spore germination of all tested fungi.
Alanine ; Amino Acids ; Arginine ; Aspartic Acid ; Aspergillus ; Botrytis* ; Carbohydrates ; Chromatography, Paper ; Exudates and Transudates* ; Fructose ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Germination ; Glucose ; Glutamates ; Glutamic Acid ; Lithium Chloride ; Methionine ; Niger ; Serine ; Spores ; Spores, Fungal ; Vicia faba* ; Vicia*

Unidimensional and two dimensional paper choromatogram were prepared of 10 kinds of parastic helminths. Fourteen amino acids were identified from the acid hydrolysed tissue proteins of A. lumbricoides(cuticle and musculature), A. galli, F. hepatica, E. pancreaticum, P. cervi, T. solium, and M. expansa. They were glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, methione, valine, leucine, aspartic acid, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, proline and histidine. In hydrolysates of A. lumbricoides(female genital organ) and C. sinensis, 13 amino acids were recovered. Twelve amino acid from A. lumbricoides(intestinal tract), 9 from P. westermani, and 6 from H. nana were also identified in the tissue hydrolysates.
parasitology ; helminth ; nematoda ; trematoda ; cestoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ascaridia galli ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; Paramphistomum cervi ; Taenia solium ; Moniezia expansa ; Hymenolepis nana ; paper chromatography ; biochemistry ; glycine ; alanine ; serine ; threonine ; methione ; valine ; leucine ; aspartic acid ; ysine ; arginine ; tyrosine ; proline ; histidine

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a new genetic marker system following RFLP and microsatellite polymorphism. It has been shown to have the characteristics of high-density, inheritance stability and facilitation in analysis automation. SNPs can be detected by electrophoresis, endonuclease-cleavage, PCR and sequencing, and can be used extensively in gene mapping, disease-correlativity analysis, population genetics and drug research.
Chromosome Mapping ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide