When a Jehovah's Witness patient rejects transfusion because of his religious doctrine, the anesthesiologist is required to make an important decision. Each doctor must approach his patient respecting the patient's wishes as much as possible, while still taking into account his own ethical criteria, moral judgement of the patient, and knowledge of medicine. This writer briefly examined the basis of the religious doctrine of a Jehovah's Witness advocate and consulted a scholar of the criminal court about the legal interpretation of the doctor's behavior in our present situation where no detailed judicial precedent was available. I summarized medical solution here by referring to foreign records of medical studies and case reports in the hopes that it may aid in anesthetic management of Jehovah's Witness patients.
Anesthesia/*methods ; *Christianity ; Humans

PURPOSE: All nurses should provide spiritual care for their clients. It is especially important to care spiritually for cancer patients facing the crisis of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of spirituality which is one of the basic concepts for spiritual care in cancer patients. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 8 cancer patients; 2 Christians,3 Buddhists, and 3 persons who did not have any religion. The data was collected and analyzed by Hybrid Model. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: Dimensions of spirituality(vertical dimension connected with the absolute being, horizontal dimension related to others, existential dimension related to seeking of meaning), attributes of spirituality(dynamic process strengthened in suffering due to struggle with cancer, connectedness with the absolute being or will and belief in oneself, transcendence of reality, meaning and purpose of life, future oriented), outcomes of spirituality(intrinsic, behavioral). CONCLUSION: The spirituality of cancer patients is manifested differently by his(her) religion, age, past experiences and burden of family, and is able to be strengthened with cancer. Therefore, nurses should recognize that diagnosis and deterioration of cancer is not only a spiritual crisis but can be a good chance for spiritual growth, as well.
Buddhism* ; Christianity* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Spirituality*

One of the prominent signs of aging in the midface is deepening and lengthening of the nasolabial folds, which makes people look old and aesthetically unpleasing. There have been many treatment modalities to manage prominent nasolabial folds, but there is no single most effective one yet, because every method has its own efficacy and limitations. In order to select the optimal method to meet the desire of patient, several factors such as the age of the patient, his or her aesthetic needs, other aging stigmata, downtime and even economic status should be considered. In this article, treatment modalities are classified into three categories according to the extent of their invasiveness: minimally invasive, moderately invasive, and most invasive techniques. The purpose of this article is to review various methods currently used to manage prominent nasolabial folds, to describe the anatomic structures relevant to the fold formation and to help surgeons select the appropriate method for prominent folds.
Aging ; Christianity ; Humans ; Nasolabial Fold

Hypochondroplasia is a form of short
Achondroplasia ; Christianity ; Dwarfism ; Extremities ; Hand

We report a rare case of meningioma associated with meningioangiomatosis in a 9-year-old male patient who showed none of the stigmata of neurofibromatosis 2. Brain magnetic resonance images showed marked cortical calcification with slight contrast-enhancement in the parieto-occipital lobe. The resected mass showed that the lesion was mainly composed of meningioangiomatosis and a small focus was transformed into meningioma. To date, only 17 cases of such combined lesions have been reported in English medical literature. We report a rare case of meningioma that arose from meningioangiomatosis.
Brain ; Child ; Christianity ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 2

To affect the complete closure of the eyelids in leprosy patients with lagophthalmos, we have used various surgical methods to avoid using the temporalis transfer method. Although widely accepted as the most effective treatment for the chronic lagophthalmos patient, the temporalis transfer method creates a simultaneous involuntary closure of the eyelids while biting or chewing. This side effect creates a social stigmata which former leprosy patients wish to avoid. As a result, we have attempted to identify the most effective treatment which will also eliminate this involuntary closure of the eyelids during biting or chewing. In the upper eyelid, we performed gold plate implantation and levator muscle severing. In the lower eyelid, lateral tarsal strip, permanent medial tarsorrhaphy, horizontal shortening, cartilage grafting and alloderm graft have all been used in the treatment of ectropion. Based on our treatment of multiple patients, we now believe medial tarsorrhaphy supplemented with the various other methods mentioned above are insufficient to achieve the desired result of complete closure of the eyelids. As a result, we are now looking to a modified temporalis transfer procedure to ensure complete closure of the eyelids without the eye closing side effect.
Cartilage ; Christianity ; Ectropion ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Mastication ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the buffering effects of christian belief on the interactional stress process of the white-collars. METHODS: The sample of this study was 545 white-collars working in the large enterprise. The questionnaire was composed of demographic data, job stress questionnaire, global assessment of recent stress, the ways of coping checklist, Beck depression inventory, stait-trait anxiety inventory, and shepherd Scale for defferentiate Christians from non Christians. Christianity was divided nito 'Christian way of thinking' and 'Christian way of living' for deep survey and analysis. RESULTS: In recognizing life stress and job stress, there was no difference between christians and non Christian atheist. But in coping stress, there was differecne between Christians and non Christians. 'Christian way of thinking' strengthened emotion focused coping, but didn't play a buffering role in reducing stress-induced depression and anxiety of the white-collars. But 'Christian way of living' increased challenge-appraisal and strenthened problem focused coping as a consequence. Also, Christian way of living had a influence on hoping thought and seeking social support. As a result, Christian belief reduced depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION: Christian belief a buffering effect on the interactional stress process of the white-collars of large enterprises.
Anxiety ; Checklist ; Christianity ; Depression ; Hope ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological

Partial trisomy 10q syndrome is a rare chromosome anomaly characterized by severe mental and growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphia with prominent forehead, fine arched eyebrows, deep set small eyes and micrognathia, In addition, other physical manifestations have been reported as skeletal anomaly, congenital heart disease, inguinal hernia, and so on. We report a case of partial trisomy 10q syndrorne with certain stigmata which confirmed by chromosome analysis.
Christianity ; Eyebrows ; Forehead ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Trisomy*

Twenty-five patients presenting with severe hemorrhage from benign peptic ulcers were randomized to either endoscopic injection sclerosis using a combination of hypertonic saline- epinephrine solution and 5% ethanolamine or to hypertonic-saline epinephrine solution only. Only high risk patients with active bleeding or endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage of ulcers were considered. A median duration of hospital admission and median transfusion requirements between the two types of treated groups were not significant difference. The initial hemestatic effects of HS-E solution injection group(n=l5) or combination of HS- E solution and 5% ethanolamine injection group(n=l0) were 93%, 90% respectively. The rebleeding rate of HS-E solution injection group(n =15) or combination of HS-E solution and 5% ethanolamine injection group(n=10) were 33%, 30%, respectively. So, both HS-E solution therapy group and comination of HS-E solution & 5% ethanolamine injection group were effective in initial hemostasis for bleeding peptic ulcer patients. However, for the further evaluation of therapeutic effect and comparison of rebleeding rate between the two types of therapy, we think that it will be indispensable to collect more cases and to compare with control group.
Christianity ; Epinephrine ; Ethanolamine ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Sclerosis* ; Ulcer

Coincidental occurrence of the renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyolipoma in the same kidney is exceedingly rare, and it is usually presented as separated masses or nodules in cage of its occurrence. However, our case which has occurred in a 37-year-old-man without any stigmata of tuberous sclerosis is different because the angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma are admixed in the same mass. To our knowledge, only 2 cases or combination of this tumors have been reported previously.
Angiomyolipoma* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Christianity ; Kidney* ; Tuberous Sclerosis