No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

PURPOSE: Suction ring is needed to fix the cornea during LASIK procedure. But if we choose the suction ring inappropriately, we meet the various problems such as conjunctival edema, conjunctival hemorrhage, ocular pain, and prolongation of operation time. To investigates various factors affecting the thickness of suction ring(1-4) in LASIK procedure. METHODS: We performed LASIK procedure by using SCMD microkeratome and VISX STAR laser on 398 eyes from Dec. 1996 to Feb. 1999. We compared difference on pachymetry, keratometry, corneal diameter, spherical equivalent according to the thickness of suction ring and analyzed these factors with One-Way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The results are that keratometry affected size of suction ring significantly. The flap size and hinge size are affected by size of suction ring significantly, but others did not show significant results. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that we need to choose the size of suction ring according to keratometry during LASIK procedure for decreasing various complications.
Cornea ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Suction*

The clinical evaluation of blue-green argon laser photocoagulation in confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was done in 7 patients(8 eyes) from September, 1985 to May 1986 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The laser photocoagulation around the hole was performed after bed rest and confirmed re-attachment of retina was established in the cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The follow-up period after laser photocoagulation ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 months(mean 9.75 months). The age range of the patients were from 14 years to 65 years and there were 3 males(4 eyes) and 4 females(4 eyes). The results are obtained as follows; 1. In all cases, there were well-attached retina and recurrent retinal detachment didn't occur after laser treatment. 2. The visual acuity improvement ranged from 0.15 to 0.6(mean 0.27) The authors experienced a good prognosis in all cases.
Argon* ; Bed Rest ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Anterior Polar Cataract (APC) develops by a mechanism different from that of other age-related cataracts, and outside of Korea, it is an extremely rare condition. We investigated the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of APC in Koreans. METHODS: The evaluation on the prevalence of APC in comparison to the other age-related cataracts was performed on the 2,108 cataract patients who were treated at 5 different areas in Korea from August 2003 to December 2003. The demographic characteristics of APC were studied on the, 656 cataract patients who were treated from January 2004 to January 2005 at one hospital. These patients were classified according to the type of lens opacity (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, mixed and APC). RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with APC among all the cataract patients was 6.02% during the 5 months in this hospital-based study. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with APC were male. In contrast, the proportion of female was greater than 50% in the other cataracts. The mean age of APC patients was 52.7 years. Among the APC patients, 38.9% were under 50 years of age, 42.6% in their 50s, 14.8% in their 60s, and 3.7% were in their 70s. However, 80% of patients were over the age of 60 years in nuclear, cortical, and mixed-type cataracts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of APC among all cataracts was high in comparision with another country. The proportion of APC was high in individuals younger than 60 years of age, and in males.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cataract/classification/*epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, General/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution

Currently, although LASIK has proved to be effective for correcting the high myopia, it is increasingly being favored for correcting the moderate myopia. We compared the clinical results after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)and laser associated in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the correction of moderate myopia from -4.00 diopter to -6.25 diopter. 31patients(40 eyes)who underwent LASIK with microkeratome(SCMD, USA) and STAR laser(VISX, USA)and 29 patients(38 eyes)who underwent PRK with the same laser were examined retrospectively. Mean uncorrective visual acuity(UCVA)was 0.64+/-0.24 7 days after surgery which was 63%of that at postoperation 6 months in the PRK, while that was 0.73+/-0.21 7 days after surgery which was 85%of that at postoperation 6 months in the LASIK(p<0.05). However, at 2 and 6 months postoperatively, the mean UCVA was similar between two procedures(0.93+/-0.15, 0.96+/-0.14 for PRK and 0.85+/-0.22, 0.82+/-0.22 for LASIK, respectively (p>0.05)). At 7 days, the mean spherical equivalent for PRK was +1. 81+/-0.82 D, which was significantly more overcorrected than that for LASIK(+0.47+/-1.07 D(p<0.05)). In addition, the overall refractive regression from 7 days to 6 months was 1. 58D in the PRK compared with regression of 0.96D over the same period in the LASIK, while the mean refractive regression from 2 months to 6months was similar between two procedures(0.27 D for PRK and 0.39 D for LASIK). Cylindrical error within 1D was increased from 0.48 +/-0.36D before operation to 0.69+/-0.31 D of 6 months after operation in LASIK(p>0.05), whereas it was decreased from 0.39+/-0.31 D to 0.07+/-0.31D in PRK (p<0.05). Conclusively, although improvement in UCVA and mean spherical equivalent is more rapid in LASIK than in PRK, the increased propensity of cylindrical error and undercorrection in LASIK requires further investigation.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Myopia* ; Retrospective Studies

To evaluate the effect of incision length on visual recovery and astigmatism in sutureless cataract surgery, three different lengths of incision were applied to 69 eyes. Soft intraocular lens (IOL) was inserted through 4mm incision in group 1 (16 eyes), ovoid polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)IOL was inserted through 5mm incision in group 2 (31 eyes), and 7mm optic sized PMMA IOL was inserted through 7mm incision in group 3 (22 eyes). Average uncorrected visual acuity was 0.69, 0.52 and 0.57 at one week and 0.79, 0.68 and 0.66 at eight weeks in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), - O.1OD and -O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significnt difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), -O.1OD and O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively at one week postoperatively. The change of mean keratometric astigmatism from 1 to 8 weeks postoperatively was 0.73D in group 1 ,0.60D in group 2 and 0.79D in group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). As postoperative problems, microleakage of aqueous humor at incision site and cystoid macular edema were shown in 6% of the group 1. Microhyphema was shown in 6% of group 1, 6% of group 2 and 18% of group 3 at one day postoperatively. Early clinical observations indicate that sutureless cataract surgery shows early visual recovery and minimizes surgically induced astigmatism without serious complications, regardless of length of incision.
Aqueous Humor ; Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Visual Acuity

We studied the postoperative results of 38 patients (40 eyes) who received the implantation of IOGEL 1103 (Alcon, U.S.A.), a single piece intracapsular fixing hydrogel lens. Scleral pocket incision was done tangentially 2mm posterior to the surgical limbus and 4mm in length. The diameter of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (GCC) was about 5mm and intercapsular phacoemulsification was carried out. No suture or single 10-0 nylon suture was used for the closure. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was observed in 70% of all cases at 1 week postoperatively and in 90% at 2 months postoperatively Mean keratometric astigmatism analized by vector analysis was 0.65 diopter (D) at 1 week postoperatively and -0.13D at 8 weeks postoperatively and the changes from preoperative astigmatism was 0.31D at 1 week postoperatively, and 0.43D at 8 weeks postoperatively. Intraocular lens (IOL) was damaged during insertion into the capsular bag in 7.5%. Fibrinoid membrane on IOL surface formed in 5% and cystoid macular edema was shown in 2.5%. Severe shrinkage of anterior capsule (less than 3 mm in diameter) was shown in 22.5% at 8 weeks postoperatively. Early postoperative results revealed that IOGEL 1103 is relatively stable in the capsular bag and induces good visual recovery with less astigmatism. However, a method to prevent the postoperative shrinkage of anterior capsule and a proper shape of hydrogel lens should be investigated in the future.
Astigmatism ; Capsulorhexis ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Membranes ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity