Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

PURPOSE: Anterior Polar Cataract (APC) develops by a mechanism different from that of other age-related cataracts, and outside of Korea, it is an extremely rare condition. We investigated the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of APC in Koreans. METHODS: The evaluation on the prevalence of APC in comparison to the other age-related cataracts was performed on the 2,108 cataract patients who were treated at 5 different areas in Korea from August 2003 to December 2003. The demographic characteristics of APC were studied on the, 656 cataract patients who were treated from January 2004 to January 2005 at one hospital. These patients were classified according to the type of lens opacity (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, mixed and APC). RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with APC among all the cataract patients was 6.02% during the 5 months in this hospital-based study. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with APC were male. In contrast, the proportion of female was greater than 50% in the other cataracts. The mean age of APC patients was 52.7 years. Among the APC patients, 38.9% were under 50 years of age, 42.6% in their 50s, 14.8% in their 60s, and 3.7% were in their 70s. However, 80% of patients were over the age of 60 years in nuclear, cortical, and mixed-type cataracts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of APC among all cataracts was high in comparision with another country. The proportion of APC was high in individuals younger than 60 years of age, and in males.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cataract/classification/*epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, General/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution

The clinical evaluation of blue-green argon laser photocoagulation in confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was done in 7 patients(8 eyes) from September, 1985 to May 1986 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The laser photocoagulation around the hole was performed after bed rest and confirmed re-attachment of retina was established in the cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The follow-up period after laser photocoagulation ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 months(mean 9.75 months). The age range of the patients were from 14 years to 65 years and there were 3 males(4 eyes) and 4 females(4 eyes). The results are obtained as follows; 1. In all cases, there were well-attached retina and recurrent retinal detachment didn't occur after laser treatment. 2. The visual acuity improvement ranged from 0.15 to 0.6(mean 0.27) The authors experienced a good prognosis in all cases.
Argon* ; Bed Rest ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

To compare clinical results between sulcus insertion of intraocular lens(IOL)(Group I) and transscleral fixation of IOL(Group II), visual acuity, spherical equivalent, astigmatism, corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were evaluated, retrospectively. This study was performed on 37patients(43 eyes), who could have been followed up more than 12 months from September 1994 to August 1997. Six mm scleral incision at 12 o'clock position and sulcus insertion of IOL were used with 2 interrupted sutures in cases of aphakia either with some remained anterior capsule or with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(Group I, 12 eyes). The same incision and suture method with transscleral fixation of IOL were used in case of aphakia with little remained anterior capsule(Group II, 31 eyes). In Group II, 10-0 polyprolene sutures were buried beneath the scleral flaps at both three and nine o'clock meridians following transscleral fixation of IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) was improved in both Group I and Group II, except for 4 cases of Group II. Lack of improvement of UCVA did not seem to be related to the operative methods. The changes of UCVA, astigmatism, corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were not statistically significant between the two groups. In conclusion, transscleral fixation of posterior chamber-intraocular lens turned out to be safe and effective in certain cases of insecure zonule or posterior capsule, although its surgical procedure is more complicated than that of posterior chamber-intraocular lens implantation into the sulcus without fixation.
Aphakia ; Astigmatism ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Meridians ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

In order to evaluate the effect of incision length and suture method on astigmatic changes and visual acuity, three different cataract surgical procedures were carried out and compared retros pectively. Every sample used in this work showed better than 20/25 of corrected visual acuity after 8 weeks, postoperatively. The first group(30 eyes) had a single horizontal suture after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a hydrogel lens through 4.0mm or ovoid polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) lens through 5.2mm incision. The second group(30 eyes) had three interrupted sutures after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of PMMA lens through, 7.2mm incision. The third group(30 eyes) had five radial interrrupted sutures after a standard extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) through 10mm incision followed by implanta hon of PMMA lens. The suture material was 10-0 nylon in all samples. The astigmatism and visual acuity were assessed at one day, 1,2,4,6, and 8 weeks, postoperatively. Over 60% of the eyes in the first group showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better after 1 week, 43.3% of the second group and only 6.7% of the third group showed that acuity. The difference in keratomety measurement between 1 week and 8 weeks postoperatively was smallest in the first group and second group showed less difference than third group. It could be concluded that small incision and single horizontal suture technique showed significantly less astigmatism and faster visual rehabilitation than the other proecdures.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Hydrogel ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rehabilitation ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

We evaluated prospectively the effect of capsular opening larger than the optic diameter of intraocular lens(IOL) on visual outcome, change of refrectory power and postoperative complication in cataract surgery. Cataract surgery was performed to 55 patients using 5.75mm temporal corneal incision, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC), phacoemulsification, implantation of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) posterior chamber IOL with 5.5mm of optic and 12.5mm of total length into the capsular bag, and one shoelace suture. The size of CC was 6.5mm in diameter, slightly larger than that of IOL optics. Uncorrected visual acuity 20/40 or better was obtained in 80% of eyes one day after operation. The change of sperical equivalent from postoperative one day to one week, one week to two months and two months to four months was -0.22+/-0.59(average+/-S.D.) diopters, +0.07+/-0.37 diopters and -0.01+/-0.13 diopters in average respectively. There was no decentration or tilt of IOL, posterior capsular opacity, and contraction of capsular opening smaller than 5mm inducing visual disturbance at postoperative 4 months. In conclusion, the technique of using CCC larger than the IOL optic can be a safe and useful in patients with posterior segment disease.
Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

This study was conducted to develop an animal model of uveitis resembled anterior uveitis in humans after immunization with iris-ciliary body antigen. Male Lewis rats were immunized with the buffer-and detergent insoluble bovine iris-ciliary body mixed with Complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) and Pertussis toxin(PTX). A soluble fraction derived from bovine melanin associated antigen(BMAA) after digestion with the proteolytic enzyme V8 protease was prepared and this soluble fraction of BMAA also induced an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). On gel eletrophoresis for soluble fraction of BMAA, prominent bands between 29 kDa and 43 kDa were clealy observed. In this model, clinical anterior uveitis was induced around 2 weeks, peaked at 18 days and disappeared later than 4 weeks after immunization. Histopathological results of EAU disclosed an infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and macrophages, into iris and ciliary body as well as in part the choroid, not retina. In conclusion, we developed a model of EAU with Lewis rats after immunization with BMAA subcutaneously and confirmed the immune mediated inflammation was focused mainly on iris and ciliary body and in part on choroid as well as found that MAA might be soluble after V8 protease treatment.
Animals ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body* ; Detergents ; Digestion ; Humans ; Immunization ; Inflammation ; Iris* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Melanins ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; Retina ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Whooping Cough