Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

In order to evaluate the effect of incision length and suture method on astigmatic changes and visual acuity, three different cataract surgical procedures were carried out and compared retros pectively. Every sample used in this work showed better than 20/25 of corrected visual acuity after 8 weeks, postoperatively. The first group(30 eyes) had a single horizontal suture after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a hydrogel lens through 4.0mm or ovoid polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) lens through 5.2mm incision. The second group(30 eyes) had three interrupted sutures after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of PMMA lens through, 7.2mm incision. The third group(30 eyes) had five radial interrrupted sutures after a standard extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) through 10mm incision followed by implanta hon of PMMA lens. The suture material was 10-0 nylon in all samples. The astigmatism and visual acuity were assessed at one day, 1,2,4,6, and 8 weeks, postoperatively. Over 60% of the eyes in the first group showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better after 1 week, 43.3% of the second group and only 6.7% of the third group showed that acuity. The difference in keratomety measurement between 1 week and 8 weeks postoperatively was smallest in the first group and second group showed less difference than third group. It could be concluded that small incision and single horizontal suture technique showed significantly less astigmatism and faster visual rehabilitation than the other proecdures.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Hydrogel ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rehabilitation ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

Various kinds of multifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs) have been developed for the improvement of near and far visual acuity after cataract operation. This prospective study was performed to compare a function of AMO ARRAY multifocal IOL(Array group) with conventional monofocal IOL(Mono group). Each type of IOL was implanted into 25 eyes and uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at near, intermediate and far distance were evaluated before and 2 months after operation in both groups. Contrast sensitivity, photophobia and glare were also evaluated as subjective symptoms in both groups. Mean UCVA at distant and near distance before operation was 0.23+/-0.15 and 0.25+/-0.20 in mono group, and 0.13+/-0.11 and 0.14+/-0.11 in Array group. Mean UCVA/BCVA at distant and near distance 2 month after operation was improved to 0.79+/-0.28/0.87+/-0.27 and 0.34+/-0.15/0.82+/-0.26 in mono group and 0.83+/-0.19/0.86+/-0.19 and 0.50+/-0.15/0.79+/-0.15 in Array group. The difference of UCVA at near distance was statistically significant(P<0.05), while that of BCVA at near and far distance was not statistically significant between two groups(P<0.05). Array group had less contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies(1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 cycles/degree) and more glare than the mono group after operation. AMO ARRAY multifocal IOL induces a good result of visual rehabilitation in both near and far distance, but it may cause more glare and less contrast sensitivity than the monofocal IOL.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Photophobia ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity

We evaluated prospectively the effect of capsular opening larger than the optic diameter of intraocular lens(IOL) on visual outcome, change of refrectory power and postoperative complication in cataract surgery. Cataract surgery was performed to 55 patients using 5.75mm temporal corneal incision, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC), phacoemulsification, implantation of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) posterior chamber IOL with 5.5mm of optic and 12.5mm of total length into the capsular bag, and one shoelace suture. The size of CC was 6.5mm in diameter, slightly larger than that of IOL optics. Uncorrected visual acuity 20/40 or better was obtained in 80% of eyes one day after operation. The change of sperical equivalent from postoperative one day to one week, one week to two months and two months to four months was -0.22+/-0.59(average+/-S.D.) diopters, +0.07+/-0.37 diopters and -0.01+/-0.13 diopters in average respectively. There was no decentration or tilt of IOL, posterior capsular opacity, and contraction of capsular opening smaller than 5mm inducing visual disturbance at postoperative 4 months. In conclusion, the technique of using CCC larger than the IOL optic can be a safe and useful in patients with posterior segment disease.
Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

This study was conducted to develop an animal model of uveitis resembled anterior uveitis in humans after immunization with iris-ciliary body antigen. Male Lewis rats were immunized with the buffer-and detergent insoluble bovine iris-ciliary body mixed with Complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA) and Pertussis toxin(PTX). A soluble fraction derived from bovine melanin associated antigen(BMAA) after digestion with the proteolytic enzyme V8 protease was prepared and this soluble fraction of BMAA also induced an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). On gel eletrophoresis for soluble fraction of BMAA, prominent bands between 29 kDa and 43 kDa were clealy observed. In this model, clinical anterior uveitis was induced around 2 weeks, peaked at 18 days and disappeared later than 4 weeks after immunization. Histopathological results of EAU disclosed an infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and macrophages, into iris and ciliary body as well as in part the choroid, not retina. In conclusion, we developed a model of EAU with Lewis rats after immunization with BMAA subcutaneously and confirmed the immune mediated inflammation was focused mainly on iris and ciliary body and in part on choroid as well as found that MAA might be soluble after V8 protease treatment.
Animals ; Choroid ; Ciliary Body* ; Detergents ; Digestion ; Humans ; Immunization ; Inflammation ; Iris* ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Male ; Melanins ; Models, Animal ; Rats* ; Retina ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Whooping Cough

In order to evaluate the effect of topical prostaglanduin synthesis inhibitor(Diclod) and therapeutic contact lens(T-lens) on pain control and epithelial wound healing following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) we examined the score of subjective pain & the degree of corneal epithelial defect on 40 consecutive patients with or without above treatment. The patients were subdivided into 4 groups : 10 patients treated with only pressure patch(Group 1), 10 patients with pressure patch & Diclod(Group 2), 10 patients with only T-lens(Group 3), and 10 patients with T-lens & Diclod(Group 4). Diclod(Group 2&4) was effective on pain control during three days after excimer laser PRK, while T-lens treatment was not effective. Subjective pain score between the patient with Diclod(Group 2&4) and those without Diclod(Group 1&3) was significantly different(p< 0.05). In the point of epithelial wound healing after excimer laser PRK, 95% of patients treated with T-lens(Group 3&4) revealed no epithelial defect three days after excimer laser PRK, while only 65% of the patients treated with pressure patch revealed that. The difference was statistially significant(p< 0.05). Diclod, however, did not influence the epithelial wound healing in both pressure group and T-lens group. In this study we could find that the combination of Diclod & T-lens was a recommendable method to decrease the pain & to increase the epithelial wound healing after excimer laser PRK.
Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Wound Healing

Retinal degeneration caused by a hereditary defect in the genome is reported in a few animals and it leads to blindness. rd mouse is one of the well studied animal models for retinal degeneration. The retinal degeneration of rd mouse is caused by a mutation on cGMP-phosphodiesterase(PDE). Caspase activation has been implicated for apoptosis. In this study, we examined the activation of caspase-3 during photoreceptor degeneration in rdmouse. Photoreceptor degeneration of rd mouse occured at PD 9 and disappeared at PD 21.In addition, we observed the active form of caspase-3 in the retinal degeneration of rd mouse. In conclusion, the cell death pattern of photoreceptor degeneration in rd mouse seemed to be an apoptosis rather than necrosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blindness ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Death ; Genome ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Necrosis ; Retina* ; Retinal Degeneration