No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

To compare clinical results between sulcus insertion of intraocular lens(IOL)(Group I) and transscleral fixation of IOL(Group II), visual acuity, spherical equivalent, astigmatism, corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were evaluated, retrospectively. This study was performed on 37patients(43 eyes), who could have been followed up more than 12 months from September 1994 to August 1997. Six mm scleral incision at 12 o'clock position and sulcus insertion of IOL were used with 2 interrupted sutures in cases of aphakia either with some remained anterior capsule or with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(Group I, 12 eyes). The same incision and suture method with transscleral fixation of IOL were used in case of aphakia with little remained anterior capsule(Group II, 31 eyes). In Group II, 10-0 polyprolene sutures were buried beneath the scleral flaps at both three and nine o'clock meridians following transscleral fixation of IOL. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) was improved in both Group I and Group II, except for 4 cases of Group II. Lack of improvement of UCVA did not seem to be related to the operative methods. The changes of UCVA, astigmatism, corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were not statistically significant between the two groups. In conclusion, transscleral fixation of posterior chamber-intraocular lens turned out to be safe and effective in certain cases of insecure zonule or posterior capsule, although its surgical procedure is more complicated than that of posterior chamber-intraocular lens implantation into the sulcus without fixation.
Aphakia ; Astigmatism ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Meridians ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

The scleritis is developed after taruma, infection or associated with systemic disease in 505 such as connective tissue disease, granulomatous disease & metabolic disease, in which the most common disease is rheumatoid arthritis[RA]. Scleromalacia perforans characterized by progressive thinning of the sclera in the absence of symtoms and with minimal inflammatory signs is a typical type of scleritis in rhematoid arthritis patient. And necrotizing scleritis is associated with long-standing and severe RA in 4-10%. However, there has been no effective method for preventing those diseases. In order to prevent recurrence of pterygium, anti-metabolic agent or radioactive material has been applied to excision site. However, in case of RA, excessive application of above method or aggressive excision of pterygeal mass is rather avoided to prevent postoperative necrotizing scleritis. In this study, we reported a case of enucleation with histology due to severe necrotizing scleritis with extensive exposure of choroid in a 67-year-old man having a past history of RA for 20 years and pterygium excision[OS] 15 years ago.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Choroid ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence ; Sclera ; Scleritis*

The clinical evaluation of blue-green argon laser photocoagulation in confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was done in 7 patients(8 eyes) from September, 1985 to May 1986 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The laser photocoagulation around the hole was performed after bed rest and confirmed re-attachment of retina was established in the cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The follow-up period after laser photocoagulation ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 months(mean 9.75 months). The age range of the patients were from 14 years to 65 years and there were 3 males(4 eyes) and 4 females(4 eyes). The results are obtained as follows; 1. In all cases, there were well-attached retina and recurrent retinal detachment didn't occur after laser treatment. 2. The visual acuity improvement ranged from 0.15 to 0.6(mean 0.27) The authors experienced a good prognosis in all cases.
Argon* ; Bed Rest ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

Currently, although LASIK has proved to be effective for correcting the high myopia, it is increasingly being favored for correcting the moderate myopia. We compared the clinical results after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)and laser associated in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the correction of moderate myopia from -4.00 diopter to -6.25 diopter. 31patients(40 eyes)who underwent LASIK with microkeratome(SCMD, USA) and STAR laser(VISX, USA)and 29 patients(38 eyes)who underwent PRK with the same laser were examined retrospectively. Mean uncorrective visual acuity(UCVA)was 0.64+/-0.24 7 days after surgery which was 63%of that at postoperation 6 months in the PRK, while that was 0.73+/-0.21 7 days after surgery which was 85%of that at postoperation 6 months in the LASIK(p<0.05). However, at 2 and 6 months postoperatively, the mean UCVA was similar between two procedures(0.93+/-0.15, 0.96+/-0.14 for PRK and 0.85+/-0.22, 0.82+/-0.22 for LASIK, respectively (p>0.05)). At 7 days, the mean spherical equivalent for PRK was +1. 81+/-0.82 D, which was significantly more overcorrected than that for LASIK(+0.47+/-1.07 D(p<0.05)). In addition, the overall refractive regression from 7 days to 6 months was 1. 58D in the PRK compared with regression of 0.96D over the same period in the LASIK, while the mean refractive regression from 2 months to 6months was similar between two procedures(0.27 D for PRK and 0.39 D for LASIK). Cylindrical error within 1D was increased from 0.48 +/-0.36D before operation to 0.69+/-0.31 D of 6 months after operation in LASIK(p>0.05), whereas it was decreased from 0.39+/-0.31 D to 0.07+/-0.31D in PRK (p<0.05). Conclusively, although improvement in UCVA and mean spherical equivalent is more rapid in LASIK than in PRK, the increased propensity of cylindrical error and undercorrection in LASIK requires further investigation.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Myopia* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Suction ring is needed to fix the cornea during LASIK procedure. But if we choose the suction ring inappropriately, we meet the various problems such as conjunctival edema, conjunctival hemorrhage, ocular pain, and prolongation of operation time. To investigates various factors affecting the thickness of suction ring(1-4) in LASIK procedure. METHODS: We performed LASIK procedure by using SCMD microkeratome and VISX STAR laser on 398 eyes from Dec. 1996 to Feb. 1999. We compared difference on pachymetry, keratometry, corneal diameter, spherical equivalent according to the thickness of suction ring and analyzed these factors with One-Way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The results are that keratometry affected size of suction ring significantly. The flap size and hinge size are affected by size of suction ring significantly, but others did not show significant results. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that we need to choose the size of suction ring according to keratometry during LASIK procedure for decreasing various complications.
Cornea ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Suction*

Retinal degeneration caused by a hereditary defect in the genome is reported in a few animals and it leads to blindness. rd mouse is one of the well studied animal models for retinal degeneration. The retinal degeneration of rd mouse is caused by a mutation on cGMP-phosphodiesterase(PDE). Caspase activation has been implicated for apoptosis. In this study, we examined the activation of caspase-3 during photoreceptor degeneration in rdmouse. Photoreceptor degeneration of rd mouse occured at PD 9 and disappeared at PD 21.In addition, we observed the active form of caspase-3 in the retinal degeneration of rd mouse. In conclusion, the cell death pattern of photoreceptor degeneration in rd mouse seemed to be an apoptosis rather than necrosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blindness ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Death ; Genome ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Necrosis ; Retina* ; Retinal Degeneration