Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

In order to evaluate the effect of incision length and suture method on astigmatic changes and visual acuity, three different cataract surgical procedures were carried out and compared retros pectively. Every sample used in this work showed better than 20/25 of corrected visual acuity after 8 weeks, postoperatively. The first group(30 eyes) had a single horizontal suture after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a hydrogel lens through 4.0mm or ovoid polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) lens through 5.2mm incision. The second group(30 eyes) had three interrupted sutures after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of PMMA lens through, 7.2mm incision. The third group(30 eyes) had five radial interrrupted sutures after a standard extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) through 10mm incision followed by implanta hon of PMMA lens. The suture material was 10-0 nylon in all samples. The astigmatism and visual acuity were assessed at one day, 1,2,4,6, and 8 weeks, postoperatively. Over 60% of the eyes in the first group showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better after 1 week, 43.3% of the second group and only 6.7% of the third group showed that acuity. The difference in keratomety measurement between 1 week and 8 weeks postoperatively was smallest in the first group and second group showed less difference than third group. It could be concluded that small incision and single horizontal suture technique showed significantly less astigmatism and faster visual rehabilitation than the other proecdures.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Hydrogel ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rehabilitation ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

Currently, although LASIK has proved to be effective for correcting the high myopia, it is increasingly being favored for correcting the moderate myopia. We compared the clinical results after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)and laser associated in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for the correction of moderate myopia from -4.00 diopter to -6.25 diopter. 31patients(40 eyes)who underwent LASIK with microkeratome(SCMD, USA) and STAR laser(VISX, USA)and 29 patients(38 eyes)who underwent PRK with the same laser were examined retrospectively. Mean uncorrective visual acuity(UCVA)was 0.64+/-0.24 7 days after surgery which was 63%of that at postoperation 6 months in the PRK, while that was 0.73+/-0.21 7 days after surgery which was 85%of that at postoperation 6 months in the LASIK(p<0.05). However, at 2 and 6 months postoperatively, the mean UCVA was similar between two procedures(0.93+/-0.15, 0.96+/-0.14 for PRK and 0.85+/-0.22, 0.82+/-0.22 for LASIK, respectively (p>0.05)). At 7 days, the mean spherical equivalent for PRK was +1. 81+/-0.82 D, which was significantly more overcorrected than that for LASIK(+0.47+/-1.07 D(p<0.05)). In addition, the overall refractive regression from 7 days to 6 months was 1. 58D in the PRK compared with regression of 0.96D over the same period in the LASIK, while the mean refractive regression from 2 months to 6months was similar between two procedures(0.27 D for PRK and 0.39 D for LASIK). Cylindrical error within 1D was increased from 0.48 +/-0.36D before operation to 0.69+/-0.31 D of 6 months after operation in LASIK(p>0.05), whereas it was decreased from 0.39+/-0.31 D to 0.07+/-0.31D in PRK (p<0.05). Conclusively, although improvement in UCVA and mean spherical equivalent is more rapid in LASIK than in PRK, the increased propensity of cylindrical error and undercorrection in LASIK requires further investigation.
Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer ; Myopia* ; Retrospective Studies

The clinical evaluation of blue-green argon laser photocoagulation in confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was done in 7 patients(8 eyes) from September, 1985 to May 1986 at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The laser photocoagulation around the hole was performed after bed rest and confirmed re-attachment of retina was established in the cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The follow-up period after laser photocoagulation ranged from 1 1/2 months to 18 months(mean 9.75 months). The age range of the patients were from 14 years to 65 years and there were 3 males(4 eyes) and 4 females(4 eyes). The results are obtained as follows; 1. In all cases, there were well-attached retina and recurrent retinal detachment didn't occur after laser treatment. 2. The visual acuity improvement ranged from 0.15 to 0.6(mean 0.27) The authors experienced a good prognosis in all cases.
Argon* ; Bed Rest ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Visual Acuity

Phaco-drill technuque, is a method of phacoemulsifying cataractous lens with a bevel down position of phacotip, thus concentrating vacuum and ultrasonic power on center of the lens. This enables the phacoemulsification to be completed with a lower setting of energy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the phaco-drill technique by measuring corneal endothelial cell damage. Since August 1997, we examined 170 patients who had under-gone phacoemulsification using phaco-drill technique, for uncorrected visual acuity, number, shape and size of corneal endothelial cell, and corneal thickness before and 2 months after surgery. the mean visual acuity was 0.26+/-0.24 before operation,and the mean visual acuity at 1 day and 2 months postlperatively was 0.59+/-0.32 and 0.82+/-0.26, respectively. The mean time of phacoemulsification was 58+/-41 seconds, and the average power(surgeon mode)was 8.6+/-0.26%. Mean volume of irrigating solution used in the operation was 116.12+/-52.10cc and that of aspirated solution was 63.34+/-30.37cc. The number of endothelial cells decreased from 2450+/-308.6 cell/mm2 before operation to 2234+/-372.2 cell/mm2 2 months after operation(9.2% decrease). The size of endothelial cells increased from 33.78+/-5.53/micrometer(2) before operation to 34.70+/-5.79/micrometer(2) 2 months after the operation(2.7% increase). The regularity of the cells (hexagonality) showed a decrease of 3%, from 57.47+/-10.16 before operation to 55.81+/-10.49% 2 months after the operation. The corneal thickness increased from 528+/- 36micrometer before operation to 590+/-8micrometer 1 dat(11.7% increase) and 531+/-4micrometer(0.5% increase) after the operation. From the results of this study we suggested that phaco-drill technique might be one of effective methods of phacoemulsification for less damage of corneal endothelial cells and less fluid consumption.
Cataract ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Ultrasonics ; Vacuum ; Visual Acuity

To evaluate the effect of incision length on visual recovery and astigmatism in sutureless cataract surgery, three different lengths of incision were applied to 69 eyes. Soft intraocular lens (IOL) was inserted through 4mm incision in group 1 (16 eyes), ovoid polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)IOL was inserted through 5mm incision in group 2 (31 eyes), and 7mm optic sized PMMA IOL was inserted through 7mm incision in group 3 (22 eyes). Average uncorrected visual acuity was 0.69, 0.52 and 0.57 at one week and 0.79, 0.68 and 0.66 at eight weeks in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), - O.1OD and -O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significnt difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), -O.1OD and O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively at one week postoperatively. The change of mean keratometric astigmatism from 1 to 8 weeks postoperatively was 0.73D in group 1 ,0.60D in group 2 and 0.79D in group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). As postoperative problems, microleakage of aqueous humor at incision site and cystoid macular edema were shown in 6% of the group 1. Microhyphema was shown in 6% of group 1, 6% of group 2 and 18% of group 3 at one day postoperatively. Early clinical observations indicate that sutureless cataract surgery shows early visual recovery and minimizes surgically induced astigmatism without serious complications, regardless of length of incision.
Aqueous Humor ; Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Visual Acuity

We studied the postoperative results of 38 patients (40 eyes) who received the implantation of IOGEL 1103 (Alcon, U.S.A.), a single piece intracapsular fixing hydrogel lens. Scleral pocket incision was done tangentially 2mm posterior to the surgical limbus and 4mm in length. The diameter of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (GCC) was about 5mm and intercapsular phacoemulsification was carried out. No suture or single 10-0 nylon suture was used for the closure. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was observed in 70% of all cases at 1 week postoperatively and in 90% at 2 months postoperatively Mean keratometric astigmatism analized by vector analysis was 0.65 diopter (D) at 1 week postoperatively and -0.13D at 8 weeks postoperatively and the changes from preoperative astigmatism was 0.31D at 1 week postoperatively, and 0.43D at 8 weeks postoperatively. Intraocular lens (IOL) was damaged during insertion into the capsular bag in 7.5%. Fibrinoid membrane on IOL surface formed in 5% and cystoid macular edema was shown in 2.5%. Severe shrinkage of anterior capsule (less than 3 mm in diameter) was shown in 22.5% at 8 weeks postoperatively. Early postoperative results revealed that IOGEL 1103 is relatively stable in the capsular bag and induces good visual recovery with less astigmatism. However, a method to prevent the postoperative shrinkage of anterior capsule and a proper shape of hydrogel lens should be investigated in the future.
Astigmatism ; Capsulorhexis ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Membranes ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity