Acrysof intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon,Dallas,USA), the first commercially available foldable acrylic IOL, which was approved for marketing in the United states on December, 1994 and in the Korea on August, 1997.It is made with an acrylic/methacrylic polymer. Characteristics of the Acrysofistiguished from commonly used foldable silicon IOLs include improved elastic properties (not slippery when wet), slow and controlled unfolding, and a high refractory index resulting in a thinner lens. We experienced vacuolesin Acrysof IOLs which has no visual influence in 4 cases and report this unusual cases with a review of available literature.
Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Marketing ; Polymers ; Silicones ; United States ; Vacuoles*

No Abstract Available.
Hyaluronic Acid* ; Phacoemulsification*

A 10 month-old female visited our out-patient clinic, whose chief complaint was an enlargement of right eyeball since 5 month ago. Her physical examination disclosed Cafe-au-lait spots on abdomen and back and a tumor-like mass was seen on right vitreous cavity by slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and orbit CT. The working diagnosis was either neurofibromatosis or retinoblastoma, but choroidal hemangioma was also another possibility tomographically. However, MRI suggested the possibility of choroidal malignant melanoma unexpectedly. Subsequently the eye was enucleated and the tumor was confirmed to be a choroidal malignant melanoma. We report this interesting case and the other case of choroidal malignant melanoma diagnosed by MRI in 57 year-old male.
Female ; Humans ; Hemangioma

PURPOSE: TGF-beta is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Among the TGF-beta responses, cell migration is closely associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we determined which MMPs are regulated by TGF-beta and examined the TGF-beta signaling involved in this event, focusing on Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) METHODS: First we examined the expression of MMPs in rat lens explant culture treated with TGF-beta and LECs attached to the anterior capsules of patients with nuclear (N), anterior polar (AP) cataracts using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. It was examined whether the expression of MMPs is regulated by SFKs. RESULTS: The study using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of MMP-2 and -14 in explants and the expression of MMP-14 LECs of AP cataracts. The expression of MMP-2 and -14 was blocked by PP2 in explants. Furthermore, the activated form of SFKs was observed in LECs of AP cataracts by immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a novel role of SFKs signaling in the expression of MMP-14 induced by TGF-beta.
Animals ; Capsules ; Cataract ; Cell Movement ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Rats ; src-Family Kinases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

In order to evaluate the effect of incision length and suture method on astigmatic changes and visual acuity, three different cataract surgical procedures were carried out and compared retros pectively. Every sample used in this work showed better than 20/25 of corrected visual acuity after 8 weeks, postoperatively. The first group(30 eyes) had a single horizontal suture after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of a hydrogel lens through 4.0mm or ovoid polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) lens through 5.2mm incision. The second group(30 eyes) had three interrupted sutures after phacoemulsification followed by implantation of PMMA lens through, 7.2mm incision. The third group(30 eyes) had five radial interrrupted sutures after a standard extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE) through 10mm incision followed by implanta hon of PMMA lens. The suture material was 10-0 nylon in all samples. The astigmatism and visual acuity were assessed at one day, 1,2,4,6, and 8 weeks, postoperatively. Over 60% of the eyes in the first group showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better after 1 week, 43.3% of the second group and only 6.7% of the third group showed that acuity. The difference in keratomety measurement between 1 week and 8 weeks postoperatively was smallest in the first group and second group showed less difference than third group. It could be concluded that small incision and single horizontal suture technique showed significantly less astigmatism and faster visual rehabilitation than the other proecdures.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Hydrogel ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Rehabilitation ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Anterior Polar Cataract (APC) develops by a mechanism different from that of other age-related cataracts, and outside of Korea, it is an extremely rare condition. We investigated the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of APC in Koreans. METHODS: The evaluation on the prevalence of APC in comparison to the other age-related cataracts was performed on the 2,108 cataract patients who were treated at 5 different areas in Korea from August 2003 to December 2003. The demographic characteristics of APC were studied on the, 656 cataract patients who were treated from January 2004 to January 2005 at one hospital. These patients were classified according to the type of lens opacity (nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, mixed and APC). RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with APC among all the cataract patients was 6.02% during the 5 months in this hospital-based study. Eighty-seven per cent of patients with APC were male. In contrast, the proportion of female was greater than 50% in the other cataracts. The mean age of APC patients was 52.7 years. Among the APC patients, 38.9% were under 50 years of age, 42.6% in their 50s, 14.8% in their 60s, and 3.7% were in their 70s. However, 80% of patients were over the age of 60 years in nuclear, cortical, and mixed-type cataracts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of APC among all cataracts was high in comparision with another country. The proportion of APC was high in individuals younger than 60 years of age, and in males.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cataract/classification/*epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, General/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution

To evaluate the effect of incision length on visual recovery and astigmatism in sutureless cataract surgery, three different lengths of incision were applied to 69 eyes. Soft intraocular lens (IOL) was inserted through 4mm incision in group 1 (16 eyes), ovoid polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)IOL was inserted through 5mm incision in group 2 (31 eyes), and 7mm optic sized PMMA IOL was inserted through 7mm incision in group 3 (22 eyes). Average uncorrected visual acuity was 0.69, 0.52 and 0.57 at one week and 0.79, 0.68 and 0.66 at eight weeks in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), - O.1OD and -O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively. There was no statistically significnt difference among the three groups (p>0.05). Keratometric astigmatism was 0.26 diopter (D), -O.1OD and O.12D in the group 1, group 2, and group 3 respectively at one week postoperatively. The change of mean keratometric astigmatism from 1 to 8 weeks postoperatively was 0.73D in group 1 ,0.60D in group 2 and 0.79D in group 3 and there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (p>0.05). As postoperative problems, microleakage of aqueous humor at incision site and cystoid macular edema were shown in 6% of the group 1. Microhyphema was shown in 6% of group 1, 6% of group 2 and 18% of group 3 at one day postoperatively. Early clinical observations indicate that sutureless cataract surgery shows early visual recovery and minimizes surgically induced astigmatism without serious complications, regardless of length of incision.
Aqueous Humor ; Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Visual Acuity

We studied the postoperative results of 38 patients (40 eyes) who received the implantation of IOGEL 1103 (Alcon, U.S.A.), a single piece intracapsular fixing hydrogel lens. Scleral pocket incision was done tangentially 2mm posterior to the surgical limbus and 4mm in length. The diameter of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (GCC) was about 5mm and intercapsular phacoemulsification was carried out. No suture or single 10-0 nylon suture was used for the closure. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was observed in 70% of all cases at 1 week postoperatively and in 90% at 2 months postoperatively Mean keratometric astigmatism analized by vector analysis was 0.65 diopter (D) at 1 week postoperatively and -0.13D at 8 weeks postoperatively and the changes from preoperative astigmatism was 0.31D at 1 week postoperatively, and 0.43D at 8 weeks postoperatively. Intraocular lens (IOL) was damaged during insertion into the capsular bag in 7.5%. Fibrinoid membrane on IOL surface formed in 5% and cystoid macular edema was shown in 2.5%. Severe shrinkage of anterior capsule (less than 3 mm in diameter) was shown in 22.5% at 8 weeks postoperatively. Early postoperative results revealed that IOGEL 1103 is relatively stable in the capsular bag and induces good visual recovery with less astigmatism. However, a method to prevent the postoperative shrinkage of anterior capsule and a proper shape of hydrogel lens should be investigated in the future.
Astigmatism ; Capsulorhexis ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Membranes ; Nylons ; Phacoemulsification ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

Phaco-drill technuque, is a method of phacoemulsifying cataractous lens with a bevel down position of phacotip, thus concentrating vacuum and ultrasonic power on center of the lens. This enables the phacoemulsification to be completed with a lower setting of energy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the phaco-drill technique by measuring corneal endothelial cell damage. Since August 1997, we examined 170 patients who had under-gone phacoemulsification using phaco-drill technique, for uncorrected visual acuity, number, shape and size of corneal endothelial cell, and corneal thickness before and 2 months after surgery. the mean visual acuity was 0.26+/-0.24 before operation,and the mean visual acuity at 1 day and 2 months postlperatively was 0.59+/-0.32 and 0.82+/-0.26, respectively. The mean time of phacoemulsification was 58+/-41 seconds, and the average power(surgeon mode)was 8.6+/-0.26%. Mean volume of irrigating solution used in the operation was 116.12+/-52.10cc and that of aspirated solution was 63.34+/-30.37cc. The number of endothelial cells decreased from 2450+/-308.6 cell/mm2 before operation to 2234+/-372.2 cell/mm2 2 months after operation(9.2% decrease). The size of endothelial cells increased from 33.78+/-5.53/micrometer(2) before operation to 34.70+/-5.79/micrometer(2) 2 months after the operation(2.7% increase). The regularity of the cells (hexagonality) showed a decrease of 3%, from 57.47+/-10.16 before operation to 55.81+/-10.49% 2 months after the operation. The corneal thickness increased from 528+/- 36micrometer before operation to 590+/-8micrometer 1 dat(11.7% increase) and 531+/-4micrometer(0.5% increase) after the operation. From the results of this study we suggested that phaco-drill technique might be one of effective methods of phacoemulsification for less damage of corneal endothelial cells and less fluid consumption.
Cataract ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Ultrasonics ; Vacuum ; Visual Acuity

Various kinds of multifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs) have been developed for the improvement of near and far visual acuity after cataract operation. This prospective study was performed to compare a function of AMO ARRAY multifocal IOL(Array group) with conventional monofocal IOL(Mono group). Each type of IOL was implanted into 25 eyes and uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at near, intermediate and far distance were evaluated before and 2 months after operation in both groups. Contrast sensitivity, photophobia and glare were also evaluated as subjective symptoms in both groups. Mean UCVA at distant and near distance before operation was 0.23+/-0.15 and 0.25+/-0.20 in mono group, and 0.13+/-0.11 and 0.14+/-0.11 in Array group. Mean UCVA/BCVA at distant and near distance 2 month after operation was improved to 0.79+/-0.28/0.87+/-0.27 and 0.34+/-0.15/0.82+/-0.26 in mono group and 0.83+/-0.19/0.86+/-0.19 and 0.50+/-0.15/0.79+/-0.15 in Array group. The difference of UCVA at near distance was statistically significant(P<0.05), while that of BCVA at near and far distance was not statistically significant between two groups(P<0.05). Array group had less contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies(1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 cycles/degree) and more glare than the mono group after operation. AMO ARRAY multifocal IOL induces a good result of visual rehabilitation in both near and far distance, but it may cause more glare and less contrast sensitivity than the monofocal IOL.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Photophobia ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity