1.The Facial Nerve and Gustatory Function.
Yonsei Medical Journal 1971;12(1):49-54
Electrogustometry has become one of the most important and useful diagnostic methods as has audiometry and vestibular function tests in the otolaryngological field. Although much literature, concerning the facial nerve and gustatory function have appeared, still problems remain to be solved in future research. To these points of view, the anatomical relationships of the nerves associated with gustatory function were reviewed and discussed. And also the clinical importance and usability of electrogustometry is emphasized.
Chorda Tympani Nerve/anatomy & histology
;
Facial Nerve/anatomy & histology*
;
Facial Nerve/physiopathology
;
Human
;
Taste*
;
Taste Disorders/physiopathology
2.Surgical approaches and related microsurgical anatomy about suprameatal approach: new surgical approach for cochlear implantation.
Hanbo LIU ; Yong FENG ; Dengming CHEN ; Lingyun MEI ; Chufeng HE ; Xinzhang CAI
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2007;21(10):447-449
OBJECTIVE:
To study a new surgical approach for cochlear implantation.
METHOD:
We operated on 8 cadaver heads (16 side) use Suprameatal approach for cochlear implantation, describe related anatomic mark.
RESULT:
The electrode is passed through the suprameatal tunnel, the EAC groove, the space underneath the chorda tympani between the malleal and the long process of the incus, and the cochleostomy. Angle between tunnel and temporal imaginary line is 28.0 degrees +/- 1.3 degrees in adult, 29.0 degrees +/- 1.7 degrees in children, the location of inserting electrode into cochleostomy is (1.31 +/- 0.13) mm to round window in adult, (1.19 +/- 0.12) mm in child.
CONCLUSION
The SMA approach is a safe technique, maintaining a safe distance to facial nerve and chorda tympani. So We should make right decision in clinic.
Adult
;
Child
;
Chorda Tympani Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
Cochlear Implantation
;
methods
;
Ear Canal
;
anatomy & histology
;
surgery
;
Facial Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
Humans
;
Round Window, Ear
;
anatomy & histology
3.Applied anatomy of operation through posterior tympanum approach.
Yongjun ZHU ; Busheng TONG ; Shengchun XU ; Yehai LIU ; Maoli DUAN
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2008;22(19):867-870
OBJECTIVE:
To provide the anatomic data for operation on the middle ear through the observation and measurement of related anatomic structure.
METHOD:
Forty human temporal bones of 20 voluntary bone donors were dissected, relative anatomical data of operation were observed and measured under operating microscope through posterior tympanum approach entering posterior tympanum.
RESULT:
The average distances from suprameatal spine to short crus of incus, pyramid segment of facial canal were 19.14 mm, 16.30 mm, respectively. The average distances from pyramid segment of facial canal to the surface of mastoid, crotch of chorda tympani nerve, posterior wall of auditory meatus were 20.84 mm, 11.28 mm, 4.40 mm, respectively. The average length of facial nerve in the horizontal segment, the perpendicular paragraph was about 11.60 mm, 15.30 mm, respectively. The average distance from pyramidal eminence to the anterior lip of round window niche, from oval window to round window niche, from incudostapedial joint to round window niche was 4.46 mm, 3.74 mm, 3.80 mm, respectively. The included angle of facial nerve in the horizontal segment and chorda tympani nerve with facial nerve in the perpendicular paragraph was 110.4 degrees, 24.8 degrees, respectively. Horizontal semicircular canal and facial nerve in the level paragraph was 17.5 degrees, long process of incus and incus buttress was 46.0 degrees.
CONCLUSION
The position of anatomic structure in middle ear was constant and the relationship including distance and angle between anatomic structures changed in limited region. The anatomical parameters provide a reference value for avoiding the injury during the operation.
Adult
;
Chorda Tympani Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
Ear, Middle
;
anatomy & histology
;
surgery
;
Facial Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Round Window, Ear
;
anatomy & histology
;
surgery
;
Temporal Bone
;
anatomy & histology
;
innervation
4.Applied anatomy of facial recess and posterior tympanum related to cochlear implantation.
Tuanming ZOU ; Nanping XIE ; Menghe GUO ; Fan SHU ; Hongzheng ZHANG
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2012;26(10):445-448
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the related parameters of temporal bone structure in the surgery of cochlear implantation through facial recess approach so as to offer a theoretical reference for the avoidance of facial nerve injury and the accurate localization.
METHOD:
In a surgical simulation experiment, twenty human temporal bones were studied. The correlation parameters were measured under surgical microscope.
RESULT:
Distance between suprameatal spine and short process of incus was (12.44 +/- 0.51) mm. Width from crotch of chorda tympani nerve to stylomastoid foramen was (2.67 +/- 0.51) mm. Distance between short process of incus and crotch of chorda tympani nerve was (15.22 +/- 0.83) mm. The location of maximal width of the facial recess into short process of incus, crotch of chorda tympani nerve were (6.28 +/- 0.41) mm, (9.81 +/- 0.71) mm, respectively. The maximal width of the facial recess was (2.73 +/- 0.20) mm. The value at level of stapes and round window were (2.48 +/- 0.20 mm) and (2.24 +/- 0.18) mm, respectively. Distance between pyramidalis eminence and anterior round window was (2.22 +/- 0.21) mm. Width from stapes to underneath round window was (2.16 +/- 0.14) mm.
CONCLUSION
These parameters provide a reference value to determine the position of cochlear inserting the electrode array into the scale tympani and opening facial recess firstly to avoid potential damage to facial nerve in surgery.
Anatomic Landmarks
;
anatomy & histology
;
Chorda Tympani Nerve
;
anatomy & histology
;
Cochlea
;
anatomy & histology
;
Cochlear Implantation
;
methods
;
Ear, Middle
;
Facial Nerve Injuries
;
prevention & control
;
Humans
;
Incus
;
anatomy & histology
;
Organ Sparing Treatments
;
methods
;
Round Window, Ear
;
anatomy & histology
;
Stapes
;
anatomy & histology
;
Temporal Bone
;
anatomy & histology
;
Tympanic Membrane
;
anatomy & histology